1. By: Alan Toppel
http://eo.ucar.edu/webweather/basic5.
html http://www.grancanaria-
spain.com/weather.htm
http://www.clker.com/clipart-
cloudy-weather-symbols.html
http://www.clker.com/clipart-6483.html

2. Adiabatic Temperature
Changes and Expansion and
Cooling
 Heat that changes if there is energy
being added or subtracted
 The rate of cooling an heating is
unsaturated calling it dry adiabatic rate
 The rate of cooling is saturated air
calling it wet adiabatic rate
 Wet adiabatic is always slower to
convert to dry adiabatic rate

3. Orographic Lifting
 Orographic lifting is when air occurs
elevation terrains like mountains as a
barrier to let out the flow of air forcing
the air to ascend out from the barrier of
the mountains
 http://www.clipartpal.com/clipart_pd/wea
ther/weathersymbol_10510.html
 http://www.icon-packs.com/stock-
icons/large-weather-icons.htm

4. Frontal Wedging
 A front is a boundary colliding masses of
warm and cool air
 Frontal wedging is a process that occurs
in the (a) front of which cold
 Denser air acts as a barrier over warmer
less dense air as it rises
 http://www.alltacoma.com/tacweather.htm
l

5. Convergence
 Convergence lifts the air resulting from
the lower air in the atmosphere flowing it
together
 The lower the atmosphere the more the
lower air flows together with the
atmosphere
 Lifting air that results from air in the
lower atmosphere flowing together

6. Localized Convective Lifting
 Localized convective lifting occurs
unequally with the heating of the Earth’s
surface
 Earth’s surface warms a pocket of air
more than the surrounded air in the
surface
 Lowering the air pocket’s density
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nuvola_
weather_snow.svg

7. Stability (Density Differences &
Stability and Daily Weather)
 The most stable conditions is when air
temperature actually increases
 Making it towards it’s height point calling
it temperature inversion
 When stable conditions make the air
increase to the height it becomes
temperature inversion

8. Condensation
 Condensation occurs from the air above
the ground
 Tiny bits of particulate matter calling it
the condensation nuclei
 Its serves as a surface(s) for water-
vapor condensation

9. Types of clouds
 Three types of clouds make up the
family of high clouds
 Cirrus-clouds are high, white, and thin
 Cumulus-clouds consist of rounded
individual cloud masses
 Stratus-clouds are best described as
sheets or layers that cover much or all of
the sky

10. High Clouds
 High clouds- all high clouds are thin and
white and are often made up of ice
crystals-cirrocumulus
 They may warn of approaching stormy
weather

11. Middle Clouds
 Middle clouds-clouds that appear in the
middle range, from about 2,000 to 6,000
meters, they have the prefix alto-as part
of their name-altocumulus
 Infrequent light snow or drizzle may
accompany these clouds

12. Low Clouds
 There are three members in the family
of low clouds stratus, stratocumulus,
nimbostratus
 Occasionally, these clouds may produce
light precipitation

13. Clouds of Vertical Development
 Some clouds do not fit into any one of
the three height categories mentioned.
 Once upward movement is triggered,
acceleration is powerful
 The end result often is a cumulonimbus
cloud that may produce rain showers or
a thunderstorm

14. Fog (by cooling and by
evaporation)
 Fogs can form on cool, clear, calm nights when
Earth’s surface cools rapidly by radiation
 Cooling-As the air cools, it comes denser and
drains into low areas (ex. river valleys)
 Evaporation-Cool air moves over warm water.
 Enough moisture may evaporate from the water
surface to produce saturation

15. Cold Cloud Precipitation
 Ice crystals grow at the expense of
cloud droplets
 Cloud droplets do not freeze at 0
degrees C
 Water droplets then evaporate to
provide a continual source of water
vapor for the growth of ice crystals that
form through the clouds as they fall

16. Warm Cloud Precipitation
 Much rainfall can be associated with
clouds located well below the freezing
level-in the tropics
 Warm clouds the mechanism that forms
raindrops
 Salt can remove water vapor from it’s
relative humidities less than a 100%

17. Rain and Snow
 Rain means drops of water that fall from
a cloud and have a diameter of at least
0.5 mm.
 Snowflakes usually melt and continue to
their descent as rain
 Snowfalls of these snowflakes are heavy
and have high moisture contents

18. Sleet, Glaze and Hail
 Sleet to form a layer of air with
temperatures above freezing
 Glaze also known as freezing rain,
results when raindrops
 Hail is produced in cumulonimbus
clouds
 Hailstone begin as small ice pellets that
grow by collecting super-cooled droplets

19. Merry Christmas!!
 Merry Christmas Ms. Joseph! Have a
good holiday with your friends and
family!
 Sincerely, Alan! ^_^