SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 107
Descargar para leer sin conexión
America and the 1920’s
U.S. History II Honors
By Ms. White
Chapter 20 Politics of the 1920’s
   Chapter Objective: To trace the political and
    social changes after World War I and
    throughout the decade of the 1920’s.
1920’s Unit Principles
   Objective
       Evaluate the legacy of the 1920s in America.

   Essential Question
       What should historians call the 1920s?
Bellwork:
What would you call the age in which we currently live?
Recall some of the topics we’ve studied this year. What
are some examples?
    Industrialization
    Immigration

    Urbanization

    Progressivism

    Imperialism

    World War

What should historians call the 1920’s?
Create a name for the 1920’s
America in Context
   Many other events were going on around the
    world.
   Remember History does not happen in a
    vacuum!
   Each group will read a timeline of events for
    their assigned country.
       Identify 2-3 key events
       How might these events influence America?
       How might America have influenced these
        events?
       Be prepared to share with the class
America in Context: Asia
America in Context: Asia

In India, Mohandes Gandhi
begins his resistance movement
against British rule


            In China, the Chinese Civil War
            between Nationalists and
            Communists begins in 1924 and
            does not end until 1950 with a
            Communist victory
America in Context: Asia
   Turkish Revolution against the Allies is fought
    between 1919 and 1923 resulting in Turkish
    independence
America in Context: Europe
America in Context: Europe
   Britain and France begin paying back war debt
    to the United States




 Ireland gains its independence from Britain in
  1921
America in Context: Europe

   Amid economic troubles
    in Germany, a young war
    veteran named Adolf
    Hitler becomes
    Chairman of the Nazi
    Party in 1921. Three
    years later his party
    earns 6.5% of the
    popular vote in elections

   In Italy, fascist leader
    Benito Mussolini comes
    to power in 1922
America in Context: Europe
             In 1922 the Bolshevik faction of
              the Russian communist party
              consolidates its power and
              officially creates the USSR
              (Soviet Union)
             Two years later Vladimir Lenin,
              the founder of Russian
              communism dies resulting in a
              power struggle to replace him
              with Joseph Stalin eventually
              emerging on top
America in Context: Africa
America in Context: Africa
   Egypt, another major British colony, gains its
    independence in 1922
America in Context: Latin America
America in Context: Latin America
   The Mexican Civil War ends in 1920
   Pancho Villa is assassinated in Mexico in 1923
America in Context: 1920s Births
   Che Guevara            Martin Luther      President Jimmy
   President               King Jr.            Carter
    George H. W.           Malcolm X          Senator Robert
    Bush                   Elie Wiesel         Kennedy
   Margaret               Jacqueline         Stanley Kubrick
    Thatcher                Kennedy            Marlon Brando
   Fidel Castro           Anne Frank         Marilyn Monroe
   Ray Bradbury           Helen Thomas       Audrey Hepburn
   Pope John Paul II                          Queen Elizabeth II
                           Kurt Vonnegut
   Maya Angelou
Understanding the 20s
   F. Scott Fitzgerald and the Age of Excess
   In groups of 3 or 4, read through the essay by
    former Cambridge professor Joshua Zeitz.
   Highlight key words or phrases that provide
    details about what life was like in the 1920’s
   Create a wordle using the words or phrases
    that you feel best captures life in the 1902’s
1920’s Wordle
Exit Ticket
   What should historians call the 1920’s?
       Traditional vs. Modern values
       Middle Class Growth
       The age of big personalities
       The growth of media
       American anomaly
       The path to Depression
       Yolo!
People of the 1920s
   We will be using influential people in the 1920s to
    help us study important concepts
   We will study
       Sacco & Vanzetti
       Presidents Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover
       Henry Ford
       Al Capone
       John T. Scopes
       F. Scott Fitzgerald
       Zelda Fitzgerald
       Babe Ruth
       Charles Lindbergh
Chapter 20 Section 1
“America Struggles with Postwar Issues”
   Learning Objective: Understand how fear and
    prejudice of radicals and foreigners led to persecution
    & injustice in American life. Be able to give an
    example of an injustice from the 1920’s.
   Main Idea: A desire for normality after the war and a
    fear of communism and foreigners led to postwar
    isolationism
   Why It Matters Now: Americans continue to debate
    today political isolationism and immigration policy.
   Terms, People, & Events: Nativism, communism,
    isolationism, anarchism, Sacco & Vanzetti, Quota
    System, Red Scare, Palmer Raids, KKK
Effects of WWI in Europe

              What are European
               countries like after
               World War I is
               over?
Effects of World War I in America

                    What is America
                     like after WWI?
Effects of WWI on African Americans
                    After slavery was
                     abolished by the
                     Emancipation
                     Proclamation in
                     1863 what types
                     of jobs were
                     available for
                     African
                     Americans?
                    Where are those
                     jobs located?
Effects of WWI on African Americans?

                   How did WWI
                    create new job
                    opportunities for
                    African
                    Americans?
                   Where were
                    those jobs
                    located?
The Great Migration
Movement of African Americans from Southern Farms
to Northern Cities.
Effects of WWI on Women




How did WWI
create
opportunities
for women?
Effects of WWI on
      Veterans
How might WWI
veterans feel when they
return from the war and
are unable to find
work?
Who might they direct
their anger and
frustration towards?
Effects of WWI on Immigrants

             Why did
             Americans
             turn
             against
             immigrants
             after World
             War I?
Effects of WWI in America
   Accelerated America’s emergence as the
    world’s greatest industrial power
   Contributed to the movement of African
    Americans from southern farms to northern
    cities called the Great Migration
   Intensified anti-immigrant and anti-radical
    sentiments among mainstream Americans
   Brought over 1 million women into the work
    force
   Hastened (Sped up) the passage of the 19th
    amendment women’s right to vote
Effects of WWI in America
   During WWI workers were not allowed to strike
    because the government would not let anything
    interfere with the war effort.
   Returning soldiers faced unemployment or
    replaced women and minorities.
   Cost of living doubled.
   Farmers and factory workers suffered from
    decreased production.
   After the war union membership increases, as
    did strikes for higher wages and better working
    conditions.
Ch 20 roaring 20's 3
Post War Trends
   Fear of communism and foreigners leads to
    postwar isolation.
Nativism
   Prejudice against foreign born people.
Isolationism
   A policy of pulling away from involvement in
    world affairs.
Think-Pair-Share
   What is anarchism?

   What is communism?

   What is socialism?

   Why is there opposition to these in the United
    States?
Anarchism
 What is the root of the
  word “anarchism”?
 What does anarchy
  mean?
 Anarchists (people who
  support anarchism)
 Don’t believe in any
  government
 Government should be

overthrown with violence
What is Communism?
   An economic and political theory
    based on single party rule by a
    dictatorship.
   Created by Karl Marx
   From each according to his ability, to each
    according to his need.” –Karl Marx
   The public ownership of property to create a
    completely equal society
 All the people/workers will own all
of the ways of making money (the land,
  the machines, the stores, etc.)
Communism
   End to private businesses
   No way for one person to
    become very rich
   Political systems are
    progressing and communism
    is seen as the next and final
    step from capitalism and
    democracy
   Believed in the creation of an
    international communist society
    brought about by a revolutionary
    party
Communism




   To equalize wealth and power communist put an end to
    private property and replaced private ownership of business
    with government ownership of factories, railroads, and other
    businesses.
   Perceived as a threat to the American way of life
Why considered a threat to
America?
         The Declaration of Independence promises “life,
          liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”
         Communism guarantees economic equality
         American democracy advocates for the use of the
          vote to bring about change
         Communism advocates violent revolution
         American democracy advocates governance by
          the people and freedom of the people
         Communism is totalitarian and oppressive
Socialism




   An economic and political system.
   Government owns major:
       private businesses (banks)
       public services (hospitals &healthcare)
American Fears of Socialism
                                    Perceived as a
                                    threat to the
                                    American way of
                                    life because
                                    people believed it
                                    was on the way to
                                    communism and
                                    thus a threat to
                                    individual’s right
                                    to private wealth
   To equalize wealth and power the government
    would make wealthy people contribute more
    money to taxes so that there is not a huge
    difference between rich and poor.
Ch 20 roaring 20's 3
Ch 20 roaring 20's 3
Ch 20 roaring 20's 3
Red Scare



                                          Symbolic red flag
                                              “Reds”

   Panic in the U.S. that began in 1919 after Revolutions in
    Russia overthrew the czarist regime.
   Vladimir Lenin and his followers “The Bolsheviks”
    established a new communist state.
   Cried out for a worldwide revolution to abolish capitalism
    everywhere
Communist Party in the U.S.




   70,000 joined including some members of
    the IWW (International Workers of the
    World)
The Case Against the Reds
   Read the abbreviated primary source essay
    written by U.S. Attorney General A. Mitchell
    Palmer & answer the following questions.
   What revolution is the author referring to?
   What will the revolution destroy?
   Who is spreading these ideas?
   What effect will this have on America?
   What does Palmer plan to do?
   What fears of the time are reflected in the
    document?
Palmer Raids
   Several dozen bombs
    were mailed to
    government & business
    owners the public feared
    that Communists were                    J Edgar
    taking over.                            Hoover
   U.S. Attorney General
    Mitchell Palmer took         Mitchell
    actions to combat this       Palmer
    “Red Scare” Palmer
    appointed J Edgar
    Hoover to hunt down
    suspected communists,
    socialists, and anarchists
Palmer Raids
   Trampled civil rights by
    invading homes &
    offices & jailing
    suspects without
    allowing them legal
    counsel
   Hundreds of foreigners
    were deported without
    trials
   Failed to turn up
    evidence of a
    revolutionary
                               10,000 people arrested
    conspiracy
                               556 people deported
Palmer Raids




   Who is the person in the middle?
   What does he appear to be doing?
   What is happening to the boat? What does it represent?
   What’s being thrown from the window?
   What are the people holding in their hands? What does it represent
   What event in U.S. history does this portray?
Ch 20 roaring 20's 3
   April 15, 1920
Warm Up
                              Braintree MA
   Should immigrants         A security guard and a
    be looked at with          paymaster transporting
    more suspicion than        money for the Slater-
    American citizens by       Morrill Shoe Company
    the American               are shot & killed by
    government? Why or         robbers
    why not?                  Robbers sped away
                               but plenty of eye
                               witnesses saw the
                               commotion
Trial of Sacco and Vanzetti




An Italian shoemaker and a fish peddler are arrested and
charged with robbery and murder of a factory paymaster
and his guard in South Braintree, Massachusetts
Italian immigrants, socialists, and anarchists
Trial of Sacco & Vanzetti
On your packet is a blue letter.
 J means Jury

 P means Prosecution

 D means Defense

Break down into groups according to your letter
and review the evidence chart.
Prosecution should pick the best arguments for
Sacco and Vanzetti’s guilt.
Defense should pick the best defense
arguments.
Trial of Sacco & Vanzetti
   Jury your job is to listen to all of
    the evidence and determine
    whether or not the accused
    suspects are guilty beyond a
    reasonable doubt (an abiding
    certainty, not no doubt, but a
    reasonable amount of doubt,
    confident you did the right thing)
   In groups, discuss your findings
    and come to a consensus on
    whether or not Sacco and
    Vanzetti are guilty of robbery
    and murder beyond a
    reasonable doubt.
Trial of Sacco & Vanzetti
   Prosecution for Sacco/Vanzetti present
    evidence to prove Sacco’s guilt
   Defense for Sacco/Vanzetti present evidence
    to prove Sacco’s innocence
   Cross examination
   Closing arguments
Did Sacco and Vanzetti get a fair
            trial?
                      Asserted their
                       innocence and
                       provided alibis
                      Circumstantial
                       evidence
                      Prejudicial judge
                      Jury found them
                       guilty and
                       sentenced them to
                       death
                      Executed in 1927
What is happening in the photo?
Where is the protest taking place?
What are these men doing?   Who might they be?
Why are they protesting?    How can you tell?
   What is the
    headline?
   Who
    published the
    newspaper?
   Based on all
    of these
    images, what
    can you
    conclude
    about the trial
    of Sacco &
    Vanzetti?
Limiting Immigration
   Wave of nativist sentiment “Keep American for
    Americans” became prevailing attitude
   Feared that immigrants would work for lower
    wages and take away jobs
   Fear of immigrants as anarchists, communists,
    or socialists
   Limited immigration from southern & eastern
    Europe (Catholics & Jews)
   Emergency Quota Act of 1921 set a limit on
    the number of immigrants who could enter the
    U.S. & prohibited Japanese immigration
1. Where are the
   people trying to get
   to?
2. What is Uncle Sam
   doing?
3. What is the
   caption?
4. According to this
   cartoon what is the
   solution to the
   problem?
Who is this group?
Who do they target?
The Klan Rises Again
   Ku Klux Klan devoted to 100% Americanism
   White male
   native born
   Protestant
   Opposed:
       Blacks
       Jews
       Catholics
       foreigners
   Used violence
   4-5 million members
Effects of WWI in America
   During WWI workers were not allowed to strike
    because the government would not let anything
    interfere with the war effort.
   Returning soldiers faced unemployment or took
    jobs away from women and minorities.
   Cost of living doubled.
   Farmers and factory workers suffered from
    decreased production.
   After the war union membership increases, as
    did strikes for higher wages and better working
    conditions.
Bellwork
   WWI is over, Americans are struggling to rebuild their
    broken lives, the voice of angry workers can be
    silenced no longer. Despite public criticism, many
    people risk loosing their jobs to strike and join unions.
    The streets became a battleground for fair pay and
    better working conditions.
   Would you strike and risk your families welfare?
   Do city workers have a responsibility not to go on
    strike?
   Should the government intervene in disputes between
    labor and business?
Labor Unrest
   During WWI government would not allow
    workers to strike because it would interfere
    with the war effort
   1919 saw more then 3,000 strikes that included
    4 million workers
   Employers didn’t want to give raises or have
    the employees join unions
   Newspapers labeled striking workers as
    Communist
Boston Police Strike
   Boston Police had not been given a raise since
    beginning of WWI & had been denied the right
    to unionize
   When workers asked for a raise they were fired
   Mass governor Calvin Coolidge called in the
    National Guard to put down the strike
   Strike ended and new policemen were hired
   People praised Coolidge for saving Boston &
    the nation from communism & anarchy
   In 1920 he became Warren Harding’s vice
    presidential running mate
Ch 20 roaring 20's 3
Steel Mill Strike
   Steel mill workers wanted the right to negotiate for shorter
    working hours, higher wages, right to form a union
   U.S. Steel Corp refused to meet with workers reps
   300,000 workers went on strike
   Strike breakers- employees who agree to work during a
    strike
   Workers were beaten by federal troops & state militia
   The Companies instituted a propaganda campaign to link
    the strikers with communism
   Won an 8 hour work day but did not get the right to form a
    union
Coal Miners Strike
   United Mine Workers of America led by John L. Lewis
    protested low wages and long workdays
   Attorney General Mitchell Palmer obtained a court order
    sending the miners back to work
   Strikes continued in defiance of the court order
   President Wilson hired an arbitrator to put an end to the
    dispute
   Coal miners received a 27% wage increase
Chapter 20 Section 2
          “The Harding Presidency”
   Objective: Understand how political corruption and
    scandals resulted in distrust of the American
    government. Be able to provide an example of
    corruption and scandal and its effect.
   Main Idea: The Harding Administration appealed to
    America’s desire for calm & peace after war, but
    resulted in scandal.
   Why It Matters Now: The government must guard
    against scandal and corruption to merit public trust.
   Terms, People, & Events:Warren G. Harding,
    Charles Evan Hughes, Fordney-McCumber Tariff,
    Ohio gang, Teapot Dome Scandal, Albert B. Fall
The Scandalous Presidency
   What was President
    Harding’s
    administration
    accused of in the
    article, “Senate
    Demands
    Information on
    Teapot Dome 1922”
    ?
Warren G. Harding
   “looked like a president ought to
    look”
   “normalcy” simpler days before the
    Progressive Era and Great War
   Soothing speeches calmed the
    nation
   Favored a limited role for
    government in business affairs and
    social reform
   Died suddenly from a stroke/heart
    attack
   First presidential election since passage
    of 19th amendment
Washington Naval Conference




   Harding invited the major powers to a conference in
    Washington to discuss arms reduction
   Post WWI problems about arms control, war debts, and
    the reconstruction of war torn countries
Washington Naval Conference
   Russia was left out because it
    was communist
   Secretary of State Charles
    Evan Hughes recommended
    that the five major powers
    stop building warships for 10
    years and scrap many of
    those already existing
   For the first time powerful
    nations agreed to disarm
Kellogg-Briand Pact




   1928 fifteen nations signed a pact which
    renounced war as a national policy
   Pact was futile because it had no means
    of reinforcement
Kellogg-Briand Pact




Which 15 countries signed the pact in 1928?
High Tariffs and Reparations
   Britain and France had to pay back the billions
    they borrowed from the U.S.
   Two ways to pay off war debt:
   1. Sell goods to the U.S.
   2. Collect reparations from Germany
Fordney-McCumber Tariff
 What is a tariff?        Raised taxes on U.S.
                           imports to 60%
 What does an
                            Highest level ever
  increase in tariffs do
                            Protected U.S.
  to the price of goods?
                             businesses from
 Who benefits from          foreign competition
  higher tariffs?           Made it impossible for
 What group in society      Britain and France to
  would not support          sell enough goods to
  high tariffs?              the U.S. to repay debt
Germany
   Experienced terrible
    inflation
   $10 and $20 bills were
    worth only nickels and
    dimes
   Defaulted (failed to make
    payments) to Allies
   France invaded Germany
   To avoid war U.S. banker
    Charles G. Dawes was sent
    to negotiate loans
According to this chart, what did Germany give to the Allies?
According to this chart, what did the Allies give to the U.S.?
What is the benefit of this system?
What is the disadvantage of this system?
Dawes Plan
   American investors loaned
    Germany $2.5 billion to pay back
    Britain and France
   Britain and France then paid the U.S.
   The U.S. was repaid with its own
    money
   Britain and France disliked U.S. for
    not paying for its share of the war
   U.S. benefited from the defeat of
    Germany while other countries lost Charles G. Dawes
    millions of lives
   U.S. thought Britain and France were
    irresponsible financially
Ohio Gang
   President Harding’s poker
    playing cronies whom he
    elected to his cabinet
   Corrupt friends used
    their offices to become
    wealthy through graft.
Ohio Gang
   Charles R. Forbes, head of the
    Veterans Bureau, was caught
    illegally selling government and
    hospital supplies to private
    companies

                                   Colonel Thomas W.
                                   Miller, head of the Office
                                   of Alien Property, was
                                   caught accepting a bribe
Ch 20 roaring 20's 3
Teapot Dome Scandal
   U.S. government set aside oil-rich
    public lands at Teapot Dome,
    Wyoming and Elk Hills California for
    use by the U.S. Navy
   U.S. Secretary of the Interior, Albert B.
    Fall, got the land transferred from the
    navy to his department
   Fall secretly leased the land to private
    oil companies
   He received more than $400,000 in
    loans, bonds, and cash
   He was found guilty of bribery and
    became he first person to be convicted
    of a felony while holding a cabinet post.
Harding’s Scandalous Presidency
   “I have no trouble with my enemies…But
    my…friends, they’re the ones that keep me
    walking the floor nights!”
   Who might have said this quote?
   Why might he have said this?
   President Harding died in office in 1923 of a
    stroke. Many people speculate that the
    stresses of scandal are what killed him
Chapter 20 Section 3
           “Business of America”
   Learning Objective:Understand the impact of the
    automobile in America and be able to describe how it
    led to changes in architecture, landscape, travel,
    business, labor, etc.
   Main Idea: Consumer goods fueled the business boom
    of the 1920s as America’s standard of living soared.
   Why It Matters Now: Business, Technological & social
    developments of the 1920s launched the era of
    modern consumerism
   Terms & Names: Calvin Coolidge, urban sprawl,
    installment plan
Discussion Questions
   What products do we use to make our
    lives easier?
   What might life without basic electrical
    appliances such as, refrigerator,
    washing machine, cell phone,
    computers be like?
Calvin Coolidge


   Republican Party
   Pro-business- supports limited government intervention
   Keep taxes down and business profits up
   Give business more available credit in order to expand
   High tariffs on foreign imports helped U.S. manufacturers
   “the chief business of the American people is
    business…The man who builds a factory builds a
    temple-the man who works there worships there.”
1920’s American Dream
   What is the America Dream?
   Americans were buying more products and
    living better lives than ever before.
   Many Americans were able to buy cars. Henry
    Ford introduced the Model A in 1927. The
    automobile had a profound impact on American
    lives and the American landscape
   http://www.history.com/topics/model-
    t/videos#car-invented-world-drastically-changed
   What were some changes brought on by the
    automobile?
Ford
                              1927 the last Model T
                               Ford rolled off the
                               assembly line
                              1 million New Yorkers
                               mobbed show rooms to
                               view the new Model A.
Difference between the
Model T and the Model A
                              Automobile became the
was that the T only came       backbone of American
in black while the new         economy in the 1920’s
model came in Niagara
Blue and Arabian Sand
Impact of Automobile
    Helped the economy boom
    Led to the urban sprawl




                                 Spurred the paving
                                      of roads

Reduced isolation of farm life   Gave people more
                                 freedom to travel
Impact of Automobile
 Building of service stations, garages, motels,
fast food restaurants, shopping centers




Gave Americans a Changed architectural styles-
new status symbol   driveways & garages
Airplane Industry
   Established new means of
    transportation for people
    and goods
   Gave people greater
    freedom to travel




                                Charles Lindbergh-
                            first transatlantic flight
Alternating Electrical Current
   Made it possible to distribute electric power
    over greater areas
   Led to the electrification of homes and
    widespread use of electrical appliances
   Made housewives work easier (?) freeing them
    for other activities
   Led to more uniform, conformist lifestyles
   Helped the economy to boom
   Refrigerators, toasters, cooking ranges
   http://www.history.com/videos/1920s-
    inventions#popularity-of-cb-radio
The Dawn of Modern Advertising
   Objective: Understand how 1920s advertisements
    launched the era of modern consumerism. Be able to
    create an advertisement for a new 1920s consumer
    product using advertising techniques.
   Agenda:
   Identify ad techniques used in 2012 Super
    Bowl commercials.
   Analyze a 1920’s advertisement.
   Create an advertisement for a consumer
    product from the 1920’s using the techniques
    we studied.
Modern Advertising
   Hired psychologists to study how to appeal to
    people’s desire for youthfulness, beauty,
    health, and wealth
   Created a greater demand for consumer goods
   Increased sales and profits
   Turned luxury items into necessities-
    mouthwash, refrigerators, vacuum cleaners,
    toaster ovens, etc
   Helped the economy boom
Advertising Techniques
   Happy & attractive people      Beautiful
   Popular music, songs or        Famous
    jingles                         people/celebrities
   Sex appeal                     Macho
   Fear
                                   Femininity
   Symbols
                                   Repetition
   Humor
   Fitting in
                                   The good old days
   Cute                           Culture
   Testimonials                   Buy one get one free
   Free trial offers              Flattery
                                   testimonial
Super Bowl Advertisements
   For each ad identify as       Mr. Murphy & I will model
                                   identifying the advertisement
    many different                 techniques used in the first
    techniques being used to       commercial as an example for
    sell you the product.          you
                                  http://msn.foxsports.com/vide
   Record your responses          o/shows/super-bowl-
    on your note taking            commercials-2011
    sheet.                        http://msn.foxsports.com/vide
                                   o/shows/super-bowl-
   Be prepared to share           commercials-
    your responses with the        2012?vid=d2063583-f3cf-
    rest of the class.             49d3-8c57-e8252976dbd0
1920s Advertisement
   With a partner or a small
    group of 3 complete the
    print advertisement
    analysis worksheet for
    the 1920s advertisement
    you were given.
   Create an advertisement
    for this product using
    one or more of the
    advertising techniques
    we discussed.
Advertisement Sharing
   Share the advertisement
    you created with the rest
    of the class.
   Identify what
    advertisement technique
    you utilized and who is
    your target audience.
Installment Plan
   Helped the economy to boom
   Helped to create a false
    sense of prosperity
   Allowed people to buy goods
    over an extended period of
    time without having to put up
    much money at the time of
    purchase

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

Topic 15
Topic 15Topic 15
Topic 15ezasso
 
Lesson 14 Chinese Americans Imperialism
Lesson 14   Chinese Americans   ImperialismLesson 14   Chinese Americans   Imperialism
Lesson 14 Chinese Americans ImperialismPatrickwolak
 
America Compared
America ComparedAmerica Compared
America Comparedsamalderton
 
Way of the world
Way of the worldWay of the world
Way of the worldnikows123
 
The Great Depression
The Great DepressionThe Great Depression
The Great Depressionwtidwell
 
The Cold War Kennedy & Johnson Years
The Cold War Kennedy & Johnson YearsThe Cold War Kennedy & Johnson Years
The Cold War Kennedy & Johnson Yearswtidwell
 
Contemporary Issues
Contemporary IssuesContemporary Issues
Contemporary Issuesbbednars
 
The great depression and world war ii
The great depression and world war iiThe great depression and world war ii
The great depression and world war iimissaudria
 
The Emerging Superpowers
The Emerging SuperpowersThe Emerging Superpowers
The Emerging SuperpowersKari Robertson
 
Chapter 29
Chapter 29Chapter 29
Chapter 29ezasso
 
1968-1975: Vietnamization, the Counterculture, and Social Reform
1968-1975: Vietnamization, the Counterculture, and Social Reform1968-1975: Vietnamization, the Counterculture, and Social Reform
1968-1975: Vietnamization, the Counterculture, and Social ReformDave Phillips
 
The Late Cold War: Nixon-Bush
The Late Cold War: Nixon-BushThe Late Cold War: Nixon-Bush
The Late Cold War: Nixon-BushDave Phillips
 
Vietnam -> Bakke
Vietnam -> BakkeVietnam -> Bakke
Vietnam -> Bakkewtidwell
 
11. intolerance and the 1932 election
11. intolerance and the 1932 election11. intolerance and the 1932 election
11. intolerance and the 1932 electionmrgowneyhedges
 

La actualidad más candente (20)

America compared
America comparedAmerica compared
America compared
 
Topic 15
Topic 15Topic 15
Topic 15
 
Chapter25 1
Chapter25 1Chapter25 1
Chapter25 1
 
Lesson 14 Chinese Americans Imperialism
Lesson 14   Chinese Americans   ImperialismLesson 14   Chinese Americans   Imperialism
Lesson 14 Chinese Americans Imperialism
 
America Compared
America ComparedAmerica Compared
America Compared
 
Way of the world
Way of the worldWay of the world
Way of the world
 
The Great Depression
The Great DepressionThe Great Depression
The Great Depression
 
The Cold War Kennedy & Johnson Years
The Cold War Kennedy & Johnson YearsThe Cold War Kennedy & Johnson Years
The Cold War Kennedy & Johnson Years
 
Chapter 29 ppt notes
Chapter 29 ppt notes Chapter 29 ppt notes
Chapter 29 ppt notes
 
WWI and New Deal
WWI and New DealWWI and New Deal
WWI and New Deal
 
Contemporary Issues
Contemporary IssuesContemporary Issues
Contemporary Issues
 
The great depression and world war ii
The great depression and world war iiThe great depression and world war ii
The great depression and world war ii
 
The Emerging Superpowers
The Emerging SuperpowersThe Emerging Superpowers
The Emerging Superpowers
 
Chapter 29
Chapter 29Chapter 29
Chapter 29
 
America Compared
America ComparedAmerica Compared
America Compared
 
1968-1975: Vietnamization, the Counterculture, and Social Reform
1968-1975: Vietnamization, the Counterculture, and Social Reform1968-1975: Vietnamization, the Counterculture, and Social Reform
1968-1975: Vietnamization, the Counterculture, and Social Reform
 
The Late Cold War: Nixon-Bush
The Late Cold War: Nixon-BushThe Late Cold War: Nixon-Bush
The Late Cold War: Nixon-Bush
 
Chapters 34 40
Chapters 34 40Chapters 34 40
Chapters 34 40
 
Vietnam -> Bakke
Vietnam -> BakkeVietnam -> Bakke
Vietnam -> Bakke
 
11. intolerance and the 1932 election
11. intolerance and the 1932 election11. intolerance and the 1932 election
11. intolerance and the 1932 election
 

Similar a Ch 20 roaring 20's 3

Communism In America Post World War Analysis
Communism In America Post World War AnalysisCommunism In America Post World War Analysis
Communism In America Post World War AnalysisGinger Schiffli
 
Modernization Theory Of The Post War Years
Modernization Theory Of The Post War YearsModernization Theory Of The Post War Years
Modernization Theory Of The Post War YearsLuicina Davis
 
Themes from ways of the world
Themes from ways of the worldThemes from ways of the world
Themes from ways of the worldkjanes1242
 
WAYS OF THE WORLD POWERPOINT ASSIGNMENT #2 PART 1
WAYS OF THE WORLD POWERPOINT ASSIGNMENT #2 PART 1WAYS OF THE WORLD POWERPOINT ASSIGNMENT #2 PART 1
WAYS OF THE WORLD POWERPOINT ASSIGNMENT #2 PART 1bergie2613
 
WAYS OF THE WORLD POWERPOINT ASSIGNMENT #2 PART 1
WAYS OF THE WORLD POWERPOINT ASSIGNMENT #2 PART 1WAYS OF THE WORLD POWERPOINT ASSIGNMENT #2 PART 1
WAYS OF THE WORLD POWERPOINT ASSIGNMENT #2 PART 1bergie2613
 
Social, cultural and intellectual thresholds with video
Social, cultural and intellectual thresholds with videoSocial, cultural and intellectual thresholds with video
Social, cultural and intellectual thresholds with videomanishonlin
 
Ways of the world
Ways of the worldWays of the world
Ways of the worldsbaker23
 
Ways of the world
Ways of the worldWays of the world
Ways of the worldsbaker23
 
Ways of the world
Ways of the worldWays of the world
Ways of the worldsammylee916
 
Ways of the World Assignment 2 part 1
Ways of the World Assignment 2 part 1Ways of the World Assignment 2 part 1
Ways of the World Assignment 2 part 1Ivana Lopez
 
Week six, roaring 20s and great depression
Week six, roaring 20s and great depressionWeek six, roaring 20s and great depression
Week six, roaring 20s and great depressionellengriffith8
 
Comparative History
Comparative HistoryComparative History
Comparative Historymugginmegan
 
The China-Vietnam Communist Party In The United States
The China-Vietnam Communist Party In The United StatesThe China-Vietnam Communist Party In The United States
The China-Vietnam Communist Party In The United StatesCarla Bennington
 
The Ku Klux Klan During The Early Twentieth Century
The Ku Klux Klan During The Early Twentieth CenturyThe Ku Klux Klan During The Early Twentieth Century
The Ku Klux Klan During The Early Twentieth CenturyJeannie Sutton
 
Unit 5 review
Unit 5 reviewUnit 5 review
Unit 5 reviewHugh_07
 
Communism Was Threatening To Americans Post World War II...
Communism Was Threatening To Americans Post World War II...Communism Was Threatening To Americans Post World War II...
Communism Was Threatening To Americans Post World War II...Ashley Jean
 
Major turning points in ww1
Major turning points in ww1Major turning points in ww1
Major turning points in ww1yvettefraga
 
The Inventions Of The Late Nineteenth And Early Twentieth...
The Inventions Of The Late Nineteenth And Early Twentieth...The Inventions Of The Late Nineteenth And Early Twentieth...
The Inventions Of The Late Nineteenth And Early Twentieth...Jennifer Lopez
 
Second Red Scare Impact
Second Red Scare ImpactSecond Red Scare Impact
Second Red Scare ImpactJan Champagne
 

Similar a Ch 20 roaring 20's 3 (20)

Communism In America Post World War Analysis
Communism In America Post World War AnalysisCommunism In America Post World War Analysis
Communism In America Post World War Analysis
 
Modernization Theory Of The Post War Years
Modernization Theory Of The Post War YearsModernization Theory Of The Post War Years
Modernization Theory Of The Post War Years
 
Themes from ways of the world
Themes from ways of the worldThemes from ways of the world
Themes from ways of the world
 
WAYS OF THE WORLD POWERPOINT ASSIGNMENT #2 PART 1
WAYS OF THE WORLD POWERPOINT ASSIGNMENT #2 PART 1WAYS OF THE WORLD POWERPOINT ASSIGNMENT #2 PART 1
WAYS OF THE WORLD POWERPOINT ASSIGNMENT #2 PART 1
 
WAYS OF THE WORLD POWERPOINT ASSIGNMENT #2 PART 1
WAYS OF THE WORLD POWERPOINT ASSIGNMENT #2 PART 1WAYS OF THE WORLD POWERPOINT ASSIGNMENT #2 PART 1
WAYS OF THE WORLD POWERPOINT ASSIGNMENT #2 PART 1
 
Interwar period
Interwar periodInterwar period
Interwar period
 
Social, cultural and intellectual thresholds with video
Social, cultural and intellectual thresholds with videoSocial, cultural and intellectual thresholds with video
Social, cultural and intellectual thresholds with video
 
Ways of the world
Ways of the worldWays of the world
Ways of the world
 
Ways of the world
Ways of the worldWays of the world
Ways of the world
 
Ways of the world
Ways of the worldWays of the world
Ways of the world
 
Ways of the World Assignment 2 part 1
Ways of the World Assignment 2 part 1Ways of the World Assignment 2 part 1
Ways of the World Assignment 2 part 1
 
Week six, roaring 20s and great depression
Week six, roaring 20s and great depressionWeek six, roaring 20s and great depression
Week six, roaring 20s and great depression
 
Comparative History
Comparative HistoryComparative History
Comparative History
 
The China-Vietnam Communist Party In The United States
The China-Vietnam Communist Party In The United StatesThe China-Vietnam Communist Party In The United States
The China-Vietnam Communist Party In The United States
 
The Ku Klux Klan During The Early Twentieth Century
The Ku Klux Klan During The Early Twentieth CenturyThe Ku Klux Klan During The Early Twentieth Century
The Ku Klux Klan During The Early Twentieth Century
 
Unit 5 review
Unit 5 reviewUnit 5 review
Unit 5 review
 
Communism Was Threatening To Americans Post World War II...
Communism Was Threatening To Americans Post World War II...Communism Was Threatening To Americans Post World War II...
Communism Was Threatening To Americans Post World War II...
 
Major turning points in ww1
Major turning points in ww1Major turning points in ww1
Major turning points in ww1
 
The Inventions Of The Late Nineteenth And Early Twentieth...
The Inventions Of The Late Nineteenth And Early Twentieth...The Inventions Of The Late Nineteenth And Early Twentieth...
The Inventions Of The Late Nineteenth And Early Twentieth...
 
Second Red Scare Impact
Second Red Scare ImpactSecond Red Scare Impact
Second Red Scare Impact
 

Más de mswhitehistory

Más de mswhitehistory (20)

Chapter 24 World War II
Chapter 24 World War IIChapter 24 World War II
Chapter 24 World War II
 
Chapter 21 1920's Changing Ways of Life
Chapter 21 1920's Changing Ways of LifeChapter 21 1920's Changing Ways of Life
Chapter 21 1920's Changing Ways of Life
 
Chapter 22 The GReat Depression
Chapter 22 The GReat DepressionChapter 22 The GReat Depression
Chapter 22 The GReat Depression
 
Chapter 23 The New Deal
Chapter 23 The New DealChapter 23 The New Deal
Chapter 23 The New Deal
 
Final exam review 2013
Final exam review 2013Final exam review 2013
Final exam review 2013
 
Cold war themes
Cold war themesCold war themes
Cold war themes
 
Decision to drop bomb 2
Decision to drop bomb 2Decision to drop bomb 2
Decision to drop bomb 2
 
Ch. 24 wwii
Ch. 24 wwiiCh. 24 wwii
Ch. 24 wwii
 
Chp. 22 depression begins 3
Chp. 22 depression begins 3Chp. 22 depression begins 3
Chp. 22 depression begins 3
 
1920's changing ways of life2
1920's changing ways of life21920's changing ways of life2
1920's changing ways of life2
 
Mid term exam review
Mid term exam reviewMid term exam review
Mid term exam review
 
World war i propaganda posters
World war i propaganda postersWorld war i propaganda posters
World war i propaganda posters
 
Wwi
WwiWwi
Wwi
 
American imperialism
American imperialismAmerican imperialism
American imperialism
 
Defining empire quotes
Defining empire quotesDefining empire quotes
Defining empire quotes
 
17.3 t roosevelt network
17.3 t roosevelt network17.3 t roosevelt network
17.3 t roosevelt network
 
Election of 1912
Election of 1912Election of 1912
Election of 1912
 
The jungle
The jungleThe jungle
The jungle
 
Women's suffrage
Women's suffrageWomen's suffrage
Women's suffrage
 
Women's suffrage
Women's suffrageWomen's suffrage
Women's suffrage
 

Ch 20 roaring 20's 3

  • 1. America and the 1920’s U.S. History II Honors By Ms. White
  • 2. Chapter 20 Politics of the 1920’s  Chapter Objective: To trace the political and social changes after World War I and throughout the decade of the 1920’s.
  • 3. 1920’s Unit Principles  Objective  Evaluate the legacy of the 1920s in America.  Essential Question  What should historians call the 1920s?
  • 4. Bellwork: What would you call the age in which we currently live? Recall some of the topics we’ve studied this year. What are some examples?  Industrialization  Immigration  Urbanization  Progressivism  Imperialism  World War What should historians call the 1920’s? Create a name for the 1920’s
  • 5. America in Context  Many other events were going on around the world.  Remember History does not happen in a vacuum!  Each group will read a timeline of events for their assigned country.  Identify 2-3 key events  How might these events influence America?  How might America have influenced these events?  Be prepared to share with the class
  • 7. America in Context: Asia In India, Mohandes Gandhi begins his resistance movement against British rule In China, the Chinese Civil War between Nationalists and Communists begins in 1924 and does not end until 1950 with a Communist victory
  • 8. America in Context: Asia  Turkish Revolution against the Allies is fought between 1919 and 1923 resulting in Turkish independence
  • 10. America in Context: Europe  Britain and France begin paying back war debt to the United States  Ireland gains its independence from Britain in 1921
  • 11. America in Context: Europe  Amid economic troubles in Germany, a young war veteran named Adolf Hitler becomes Chairman of the Nazi Party in 1921. Three years later his party earns 6.5% of the popular vote in elections  In Italy, fascist leader Benito Mussolini comes to power in 1922
  • 12. America in Context: Europe  In 1922 the Bolshevik faction of the Russian communist party consolidates its power and officially creates the USSR (Soviet Union)  Two years later Vladimir Lenin, the founder of Russian communism dies resulting in a power struggle to replace him with Joseph Stalin eventually emerging on top
  • 14. America in Context: Africa  Egypt, another major British colony, gains its independence in 1922
  • 15. America in Context: Latin America
  • 16. America in Context: Latin America  The Mexican Civil War ends in 1920  Pancho Villa is assassinated in Mexico in 1923
  • 17. America in Context: 1920s Births  Che Guevara  Martin Luther  President Jimmy  President King Jr. Carter George H. W.  Malcolm X  Senator Robert Bush  Elie Wiesel Kennedy  Margaret  Jacqueline  Stanley Kubrick Thatcher Kennedy  Marlon Brando  Fidel Castro  Anne Frank  Marilyn Monroe  Ray Bradbury  Helen Thomas  Audrey Hepburn  Pope John Paul II  Queen Elizabeth II  Kurt Vonnegut  Maya Angelou
  • 18. Understanding the 20s  F. Scott Fitzgerald and the Age of Excess  In groups of 3 or 4, read through the essay by former Cambridge professor Joshua Zeitz.  Highlight key words or phrases that provide details about what life was like in the 1920’s  Create a wordle using the words or phrases that you feel best captures life in the 1902’s
  • 20. Exit Ticket  What should historians call the 1920’s?  Traditional vs. Modern values  Middle Class Growth  The age of big personalities  The growth of media  American anomaly  The path to Depression  Yolo!
  • 21. People of the 1920s  We will be using influential people in the 1920s to help us study important concepts  We will study  Sacco & Vanzetti  Presidents Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover  Henry Ford  Al Capone  John T. Scopes  F. Scott Fitzgerald  Zelda Fitzgerald  Babe Ruth  Charles Lindbergh
  • 22. Chapter 20 Section 1 “America Struggles with Postwar Issues”  Learning Objective: Understand how fear and prejudice of radicals and foreigners led to persecution & injustice in American life. Be able to give an example of an injustice from the 1920’s.  Main Idea: A desire for normality after the war and a fear of communism and foreigners led to postwar isolationism  Why It Matters Now: Americans continue to debate today political isolationism and immigration policy.  Terms, People, & Events: Nativism, communism, isolationism, anarchism, Sacco & Vanzetti, Quota System, Red Scare, Palmer Raids, KKK
  • 23. Effects of WWI in Europe  What are European countries like after World War I is over?
  • 24. Effects of World War I in America  What is America like after WWI?
  • 25. Effects of WWI on African Americans  After slavery was abolished by the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 what types of jobs were available for African Americans?  Where are those jobs located?
  • 26. Effects of WWI on African Americans?  How did WWI create new job opportunities for African Americans?  Where were those jobs located?
  • 27. The Great Migration Movement of African Americans from Southern Farms to Northern Cities.
  • 28. Effects of WWI on Women How did WWI create opportunities for women?
  • 29. Effects of WWI on Veterans How might WWI veterans feel when they return from the war and are unable to find work? Who might they direct their anger and frustration towards?
  • 30. Effects of WWI on Immigrants Why did Americans turn against immigrants after World War I?
  • 31. Effects of WWI in America  Accelerated America’s emergence as the world’s greatest industrial power  Contributed to the movement of African Americans from southern farms to northern cities called the Great Migration  Intensified anti-immigrant and anti-radical sentiments among mainstream Americans  Brought over 1 million women into the work force  Hastened (Sped up) the passage of the 19th amendment women’s right to vote
  • 32. Effects of WWI in America  During WWI workers were not allowed to strike because the government would not let anything interfere with the war effort.  Returning soldiers faced unemployment or replaced women and minorities.  Cost of living doubled.  Farmers and factory workers suffered from decreased production.  After the war union membership increases, as did strikes for higher wages and better working conditions.
  • 34. Post War Trends  Fear of communism and foreigners leads to postwar isolation.
  • 35. Nativism  Prejudice against foreign born people.
  • 36. Isolationism  A policy of pulling away from involvement in world affairs.
  • 37. Think-Pair-Share  What is anarchism?  What is communism?  What is socialism?  Why is there opposition to these in the United States?
  • 38. Anarchism  What is the root of the word “anarchism”?  What does anarchy mean?  Anarchists (people who support anarchism)  Don’t believe in any government  Government should be overthrown with violence
  • 39. What is Communism?  An economic and political theory based on single party rule by a dictatorship.  Created by Karl Marx  From each according to his ability, to each according to his need.” –Karl Marx  The public ownership of property to create a completely equal society  All the people/workers will own all of the ways of making money (the land, the machines, the stores, etc.)
  • 40. Communism  End to private businesses  No way for one person to become very rich  Political systems are progressing and communism is seen as the next and final step from capitalism and democracy  Believed in the creation of an international communist society brought about by a revolutionary party
  • 41. Communism  To equalize wealth and power communist put an end to private property and replaced private ownership of business with government ownership of factories, railroads, and other businesses.  Perceived as a threat to the American way of life
  • 42. Why considered a threat to America?  The Declaration of Independence promises “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”  Communism guarantees economic equality  American democracy advocates for the use of the vote to bring about change  Communism advocates violent revolution  American democracy advocates governance by the people and freedom of the people  Communism is totalitarian and oppressive
  • 43. Socialism  An economic and political system.  Government owns major: private businesses (banks) public services (hospitals &healthcare)
  • 44. American Fears of Socialism Perceived as a threat to the American way of life because people believed it was on the way to communism and thus a threat to individual’s right to private wealth  To equalize wealth and power the government would make wealthy people contribute more money to taxes so that there is not a huge difference between rich and poor.
  • 48. Red Scare Symbolic red flag “Reds”  Panic in the U.S. that began in 1919 after Revolutions in Russia overthrew the czarist regime.  Vladimir Lenin and his followers “The Bolsheviks” established a new communist state.  Cried out for a worldwide revolution to abolish capitalism everywhere
  • 49. Communist Party in the U.S.  70,000 joined including some members of the IWW (International Workers of the World)
  • 50. The Case Against the Reds  Read the abbreviated primary source essay written by U.S. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer & answer the following questions.  What revolution is the author referring to?  What will the revolution destroy?  Who is spreading these ideas?  What effect will this have on America?  What does Palmer plan to do?  What fears of the time are reflected in the document?
  • 51. Palmer Raids  Several dozen bombs were mailed to government & business owners the public feared that Communists were J Edgar taking over. Hoover  U.S. Attorney General Mitchell Palmer took Mitchell actions to combat this Palmer “Red Scare” Palmer appointed J Edgar Hoover to hunt down suspected communists, socialists, and anarchists
  • 52. Palmer Raids  Trampled civil rights by invading homes & offices & jailing suspects without allowing them legal counsel  Hundreds of foreigners were deported without trials  Failed to turn up evidence of a revolutionary 10,000 people arrested conspiracy 556 people deported
  • 53. Palmer Raids  Who is the person in the middle?  What does he appear to be doing?  What is happening to the boat? What does it represent?  What’s being thrown from the window?  What are the people holding in their hands? What does it represent  What event in U.S. history does this portray?
  • 55. April 15, 1920 Warm Up  Braintree MA  Should immigrants  A security guard and a be looked at with paymaster transporting more suspicion than money for the Slater- American citizens by Morrill Shoe Company the American are shot & killed by government? Why or robbers why not?  Robbers sped away but plenty of eye witnesses saw the commotion
  • 56. Trial of Sacco and Vanzetti An Italian shoemaker and a fish peddler are arrested and charged with robbery and murder of a factory paymaster and his guard in South Braintree, Massachusetts Italian immigrants, socialists, and anarchists
  • 57. Trial of Sacco & Vanzetti On your packet is a blue letter.  J means Jury  P means Prosecution  D means Defense Break down into groups according to your letter and review the evidence chart. Prosecution should pick the best arguments for Sacco and Vanzetti’s guilt. Defense should pick the best defense arguments.
  • 58. Trial of Sacco & Vanzetti  Jury your job is to listen to all of the evidence and determine whether or not the accused suspects are guilty beyond a reasonable doubt (an abiding certainty, not no doubt, but a reasonable amount of doubt, confident you did the right thing)  In groups, discuss your findings and come to a consensus on whether or not Sacco and Vanzetti are guilty of robbery and murder beyond a reasonable doubt.
  • 59. Trial of Sacco & Vanzetti  Prosecution for Sacco/Vanzetti present evidence to prove Sacco’s guilt  Defense for Sacco/Vanzetti present evidence to prove Sacco’s innocence  Cross examination  Closing arguments
  • 60. Did Sacco and Vanzetti get a fair trial?  Asserted their innocence and provided alibis  Circumstantial evidence  Prejudicial judge  Jury found them guilty and sentenced them to death  Executed in 1927
  • 61. What is happening in the photo? Where is the protest taking place?
  • 62. What are these men doing? Who might they be? Why are they protesting? How can you tell?
  • 63. What is the headline?  Who published the newspaper?  Based on all of these images, what can you conclude about the trial of Sacco & Vanzetti?
  • 64. Limiting Immigration  Wave of nativist sentiment “Keep American for Americans” became prevailing attitude  Feared that immigrants would work for lower wages and take away jobs  Fear of immigrants as anarchists, communists, or socialists  Limited immigration from southern & eastern Europe (Catholics & Jews)  Emergency Quota Act of 1921 set a limit on the number of immigrants who could enter the U.S. & prohibited Japanese immigration
  • 65. 1. Where are the people trying to get to? 2. What is Uncle Sam doing? 3. What is the caption? 4. According to this cartoon what is the solution to the problem?
  • 66. Who is this group? Who do they target?
  • 67. The Klan Rises Again  Ku Klux Klan devoted to 100% Americanism  White male  native born  Protestant  Opposed:  Blacks  Jews  Catholics  foreigners  Used violence  4-5 million members
  • 68. Effects of WWI in America  During WWI workers were not allowed to strike because the government would not let anything interfere with the war effort.  Returning soldiers faced unemployment or took jobs away from women and minorities.  Cost of living doubled.  Farmers and factory workers suffered from decreased production.  After the war union membership increases, as did strikes for higher wages and better working conditions.
  • 69. Bellwork  WWI is over, Americans are struggling to rebuild their broken lives, the voice of angry workers can be silenced no longer. Despite public criticism, many people risk loosing their jobs to strike and join unions. The streets became a battleground for fair pay and better working conditions.  Would you strike and risk your families welfare?  Do city workers have a responsibility not to go on strike?  Should the government intervene in disputes between labor and business?
  • 70. Labor Unrest  During WWI government would not allow workers to strike because it would interfere with the war effort  1919 saw more then 3,000 strikes that included 4 million workers  Employers didn’t want to give raises or have the employees join unions  Newspapers labeled striking workers as Communist
  • 71. Boston Police Strike  Boston Police had not been given a raise since beginning of WWI & had been denied the right to unionize  When workers asked for a raise they were fired  Mass governor Calvin Coolidge called in the National Guard to put down the strike  Strike ended and new policemen were hired  People praised Coolidge for saving Boston & the nation from communism & anarchy  In 1920 he became Warren Harding’s vice presidential running mate
  • 73. Steel Mill Strike  Steel mill workers wanted the right to negotiate for shorter working hours, higher wages, right to form a union  U.S. Steel Corp refused to meet with workers reps  300,000 workers went on strike  Strike breakers- employees who agree to work during a strike  Workers were beaten by federal troops & state militia  The Companies instituted a propaganda campaign to link the strikers with communism  Won an 8 hour work day but did not get the right to form a union
  • 74. Coal Miners Strike  United Mine Workers of America led by John L. Lewis protested low wages and long workdays  Attorney General Mitchell Palmer obtained a court order sending the miners back to work  Strikes continued in defiance of the court order  President Wilson hired an arbitrator to put an end to the dispute  Coal miners received a 27% wage increase
  • 75. Chapter 20 Section 2 “The Harding Presidency”  Objective: Understand how political corruption and scandals resulted in distrust of the American government. Be able to provide an example of corruption and scandal and its effect.  Main Idea: The Harding Administration appealed to America’s desire for calm & peace after war, but resulted in scandal.  Why It Matters Now: The government must guard against scandal and corruption to merit public trust.  Terms, People, & Events:Warren G. Harding, Charles Evan Hughes, Fordney-McCumber Tariff, Ohio gang, Teapot Dome Scandal, Albert B. Fall
  • 76. The Scandalous Presidency  What was President Harding’s administration accused of in the article, “Senate Demands Information on Teapot Dome 1922” ?
  • 77. Warren G. Harding  “looked like a president ought to look”  “normalcy” simpler days before the Progressive Era and Great War  Soothing speeches calmed the nation  Favored a limited role for government in business affairs and social reform  Died suddenly from a stroke/heart attack  First presidential election since passage of 19th amendment
  • 78. Washington Naval Conference  Harding invited the major powers to a conference in Washington to discuss arms reduction  Post WWI problems about arms control, war debts, and the reconstruction of war torn countries
  • 79. Washington Naval Conference  Russia was left out because it was communist  Secretary of State Charles Evan Hughes recommended that the five major powers stop building warships for 10 years and scrap many of those already existing  For the first time powerful nations agreed to disarm
  • 80. Kellogg-Briand Pact  1928 fifteen nations signed a pact which renounced war as a national policy  Pact was futile because it had no means of reinforcement
  • 81. Kellogg-Briand Pact Which 15 countries signed the pact in 1928?
  • 82. High Tariffs and Reparations  Britain and France had to pay back the billions they borrowed from the U.S.  Two ways to pay off war debt:  1. Sell goods to the U.S.  2. Collect reparations from Germany
  • 83. Fordney-McCumber Tariff  What is a tariff? Raised taxes on U.S. imports to 60%  What does an  Highest level ever increase in tariffs do  Protected U.S. to the price of goods? businesses from  Who benefits from foreign competition higher tariffs?  Made it impossible for  What group in society Britain and France to would not support sell enough goods to high tariffs? the U.S. to repay debt
  • 84. Germany  Experienced terrible inflation  $10 and $20 bills were worth only nickels and dimes  Defaulted (failed to make payments) to Allies  France invaded Germany  To avoid war U.S. banker Charles G. Dawes was sent to negotiate loans
  • 85. According to this chart, what did Germany give to the Allies? According to this chart, what did the Allies give to the U.S.? What is the benefit of this system? What is the disadvantage of this system?
  • 86. Dawes Plan  American investors loaned Germany $2.5 billion to pay back Britain and France  Britain and France then paid the U.S.  The U.S. was repaid with its own money  Britain and France disliked U.S. for not paying for its share of the war  U.S. benefited from the defeat of Germany while other countries lost Charles G. Dawes millions of lives  U.S. thought Britain and France were irresponsible financially
  • 87. Ohio Gang  President Harding’s poker playing cronies whom he elected to his cabinet  Corrupt friends used their offices to become wealthy through graft.
  • 88. Ohio Gang  Charles R. Forbes, head of the Veterans Bureau, was caught illegally selling government and hospital supplies to private companies Colonel Thomas W. Miller, head of the Office of Alien Property, was caught accepting a bribe
  • 90. Teapot Dome Scandal  U.S. government set aside oil-rich public lands at Teapot Dome, Wyoming and Elk Hills California for use by the U.S. Navy  U.S. Secretary of the Interior, Albert B. Fall, got the land transferred from the navy to his department  Fall secretly leased the land to private oil companies  He received more than $400,000 in loans, bonds, and cash  He was found guilty of bribery and became he first person to be convicted of a felony while holding a cabinet post.
  • 91. Harding’s Scandalous Presidency  “I have no trouble with my enemies…But my…friends, they’re the ones that keep me walking the floor nights!”  Who might have said this quote?  Why might he have said this?  President Harding died in office in 1923 of a stroke. Many people speculate that the stresses of scandal are what killed him
  • 92. Chapter 20 Section 3 “Business of America”  Learning Objective:Understand the impact of the automobile in America and be able to describe how it led to changes in architecture, landscape, travel, business, labor, etc.  Main Idea: Consumer goods fueled the business boom of the 1920s as America’s standard of living soared.  Why It Matters Now: Business, Technological & social developments of the 1920s launched the era of modern consumerism  Terms & Names: Calvin Coolidge, urban sprawl, installment plan
  • 93. Discussion Questions  What products do we use to make our lives easier?  What might life without basic electrical appliances such as, refrigerator, washing machine, cell phone, computers be like?
  • 94. Calvin Coolidge  Republican Party  Pro-business- supports limited government intervention  Keep taxes down and business profits up  Give business more available credit in order to expand  High tariffs on foreign imports helped U.S. manufacturers  “the chief business of the American people is business…The man who builds a factory builds a temple-the man who works there worships there.”
  • 95. 1920’s American Dream  What is the America Dream?  Americans were buying more products and living better lives than ever before.  Many Americans were able to buy cars. Henry Ford introduced the Model A in 1927. The automobile had a profound impact on American lives and the American landscape  http://www.history.com/topics/model- t/videos#car-invented-world-drastically-changed  What were some changes brought on by the automobile?
  • 96. Ford  1927 the last Model T Ford rolled off the assembly line  1 million New Yorkers mobbed show rooms to view the new Model A. Difference between the Model T and the Model A  Automobile became the was that the T only came backbone of American in black while the new economy in the 1920’s model came in Niagara Blue and Arabian Sand
  • 97. Impact of Automobile  Helped the economy boom  Led to the urban sprawl Spurred the paving of roads Reduced isolation of farm life Gave people more freedom to travel
  • 98. Impact of Automobile  Building of service stations, garages, motels, fast food restaurants, shopping centers Gave Americans a Changed architectural styles- new status symbol driveways & garages
  • 99. Airplane Industry  Established new means of transportation for people and goods  Gave people greater freedom to travel Charles Lindbergh- first transatlantic flight
  • 100. Alternating Electrical Current  Made it possible to distribute electric power over greater areas  Led to the electrification of homes and widespread use of electrical appliances  Made housewives work easier (?) freeing them for other activities  Led to more uniform, conformist lifestyles  Helped the economy to boom  Refrigerators, toasters, cooking ranges  http://www.history.com/videos/1920s- inventions#popularity-of-cb-radio
  • 101. The Dawn of Modern Advertising  Objective: Understand how 1920s advertisements launched the era of modern consumerism. Be able to create an advertisement for a new 1920s consumer product using advertising techniques.  Agenda:  Identify ad techniques used in 2012 Super Bowl commercials.  Analyze a 1920’s advertisement.  Create an advertisement for a consumer product from the 1920’s using the techniques we studied.
  • 102. Modern Advertising  Hired psychologists to study how to appeal to people’s desire for youthfulness, beauty, health, and wealth  Created a greater demand for consumer goods  Increased sales and profits  Turned luxury items into necessities- mouthwash, refrigerators, vacuum cleaners, toaster ovens, etc  Helped the economy boom
  • 103. Advertising Techniques  Happy & attractive people  Beautiful  Popular music, songs or  Famous jingles people/celebrities  Sex appeal  Macho  Fear  Femininity  Symbols  Repetition  Humor  Fitting in  The good old days  Cute  Culture  Testimonials  Buy one get one free  Free trial offers  Flattery  testimonial
  • 104. Super Bowl Advertisements  For each ad identify as  Mr. Murphy & I will model identifying the advertisement many different techniques used in the first techniques being used to commercial as an example for sell you the product. you  http://msn.foxsports.com/vide  Record your responses o/shows/super-bowl- on your note taking commercials-2011 sheet.  http://msn.foxsports.com/vide o/shows/super-bowl-  Be prepared to share commercials- your responses with the 2012?vid=d2063583-f3cf- rest of the class. 49d3-8c57-e8252976dbd0
  • 105. 1920s Advertisement  With a partner or a small group of 3 complete the print advertisement analysis worksheet for the 1920s advertisement you were given.  Create an advertisement for this product using one or more of the advertising techniques we discussed.
  • 106. Advertisement Sharing  Share the advertisement you created with the rest of the class.  Identify what advertisement technique you utilized and who is your target audience.
  • 107. Installment Plan  Helped the economy to boom  Helped to create a false sense of prosperity  Allowed people to buy goods over an extended period of time without having to put up much money at the time of purchase

Notas del editor

  1. ProtestTrafalgar Square London
  2. What are these people doing?Why are the protesting?Who might they be?