Week 9 2011 harvard

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Harvard referencing Academic Literacy Test 1 MPharmacy Test 1

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Annotated Bibliography Definition Definitions: annotate, v. - 1. trans. To add notes to, furnish with notes (a literary work or author). "annotate, v." OED Online. Oxford University Press, June 2014. Web. 24 June 2014. bibliography, n. - 2. The systematic description and history of books, their authorship, printing, publication, editions, etc. 4. A list of the books of a particular author, printer, or country, or of those dealing with any particular theme; the literature of a subject. "bibliography, n." OED Online. Oxford University Press, June 2014. Web. 24 June 2014. Annotated Bibliography – “An annotated bibliography is a list of sources (arranged alphabetically by author) that you plan to consult and make use of in your research paper. Typically you provide a citation..., and a short summary of the source. You can present all your sources in one long list or organize them by type of sources. Greene, Stuart, and April Lidinsky, eds. From Inquiry to Academic Writing, Second Edition. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2012. Print. *For the purpose of this assignment, you will organize yours according to the databases you have chosen. Bibliography Outline An Annotated Bibliography will include all (4) of these areas for EACH ENTRY: • Cite: Location of your source o Format in MLA • Summary: Summarize your source o List the main argument(s) • Assessment: Evaluate author(s) o List the author’s academic ethos • Reflection: Think about the source’s purpose o Tell how the source relates to the topic. (Don’t write “ I ”) Student 1 Student Professor English Date Annotated Bibliography: Impacts of Global Warming Del Sole, Timothy, Xiaoqin Yan, Paul A. Dirmeyer, Mike Fennessy, and Eric Altshuler. "Changes In Seasonal Predictability Due To Global Warming." Journal Of Climate 27.1 (2014): 300-311. Academic Search Complete. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. This article talks about how the predictability of monthly mean temperatures will change in future climates according to a Community Climate System Model. It talks about some of the changes in predictions such as how the southern peninsula of Africa and northeast South America might experience drying in the future. Timothy DelSole has a PhD from Harvard University. He is a research scientist who studies climate variability. Xiaoqin Yan is a Doctoral Candidate and Research Assistant at Purdue University in the Department of Pharmacy Practice. Paul Dirmeyer has a PhD from the University of Maryland and is a research scientist for the role of land surface in the climate system. Mike Fennessy has a M.S. from State University of New York. He is a research scientist for the study of the impact of tropical and global boundary conditions on the predictability of the atmosphere. Eric Altshuler has a M.S. from the University of Maryland at College Park and is a research scientist who performs dynamical.

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PUH 5305, Concepts of Environmental Health 1 Course Learning Outcomes for Unit IV Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to: 2. Summarize the factors that affect susceptibility to adverse health outcomes following exposure to environmental hazards. 2.1 Examine the adverse impact of toxicity on the environment and humans. 2.2 Describe the history of toxicology and its most important developments. 5. Explain how the general mechanisms of toxicity provoke a toxic response in environmental exposures. 5.1 Discuss the levels of toxic dosage and risk factors related to this in human and environmental exposure. 5.2 Explain the difference between toxicants and toxins in the environment. Course/Unit Learning Outcomes Learning Activity 2.1 Unit Lesson Chapter 3 Unit IV Assessment 2.2 Unit Lesson Chapter 3 Unit IV Assessment 5.1 Unit Lesson Chapter 3 Unit IV Assessment 5.2 Unit Lesson Chapter 3 Unit IV Assessment Required Unit Resources Chapter 3: Environmental Toxicology Unit Lesson Introduction It is widely accepted that there is a complex relationship between the human population and the environment in which they live. Around the 1960s, many citizens in the United States were concerned and made aware of the detrimental effects of pesticides and drugs as well as other chemical substances that could be found in the environment, food, and water (Geo et al., 2015; Hayat, 2014). Communities in the United States pressured the government to provide more information on environmental problems, especially those that could potentially be harmful to the human population. These potentially harmful biological and chemical agents such as toxicants from fertilizers, insecticides, pollutants, and pesticides could affect organisms and the community by reducing species abundance and diversity. These changes in population dynamics could destroy the ecosystem, which, in turn, would reduce stability and productivity (Geo et al., 2015). UNIT IV STUDY GUIDE Environmental Toxicology PUH 5305, Concepts of Environmental Health 2 UNIT x STUDY GUIDE Title Defining the History of Environmental Toxicology: Environmental toxicology inhabits an essential role in public policy, toxicology, and environmental health. This foremost contribution has provided scientific evidence and tools for the public and policymakers to prevent substantial environmental degradation, especially adverse effects on human life. Rachel Carson, a marine biologist, is said to be the pioneer of advancing environmental toxicology and making it a distinct field within toxicology and environmental health. Her 1962 book, called Silent Spring, covered the harmful impact on unrestrained pesticide use (McCarty, 2013). Carson’s book, despite being met with a lot of criticism, encouraged the reversal of national pesticide policies and finally led to the ban of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroetha ...

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SAFETY SUPERVISOR Question 1 1. According to the textbook, benzene is an example of a: [removed] venom [removed] toxin [removed] toxicant [removed] poison 4 points Question 2 1. A Case-Control study is best defined as: [removed] the prevalence of a disease among one or more exposed groups. [removed] the incidence of a disease in one geographical area. [removed] individuals with a disease compared to individuals without the disease. [removed] the cohorts are identified based on past exposures. 4 points Question 3 1. The best definition of toxicology is the __________ [removed] study of chemicals. [removed] study of the beneficial effects of chemical agents. [removed] study of cellular structure. [removed] study of the adverse effects of chemicals in biological systems. 4 points Question 4 1. Aflatoxin B is produced by __________ ,which causes liver necrosis and cancer. [removed] Aspergillus flavus [removed] Amanita phalloides [removed] Dichapetalum cymosum [removed] Pyrethrum cinariaefolium 4 points Question 5 1. The spillage of __________ in Minamata Bay, Japan resulted in a severe nervous system dysfunction for individuals who consumed fish from the bay. [removed] mercury [removed] brass [removed] magnesium [removed] zinc 4 points Question 6 1. Which individual is attributed to writing the first comprehensive book in occupational medicine? [removed] Paracelsus [removed] Socrates [removed] Ramazzini [removed] Maimonides 4 points Question 7 1. Who created a poisonous concoction containing arsenic? [removed] Ramazzini [removed] Giulia Toffana [removed] Alice Hamilton [removed] Paracelsus 4 points Question 8 1. What chemicals used in lumber resulted in the name "Toxic Playgrounds"? [removed] copper and hexavalent chromium [removed] arsenic and creosote [removed] methyl bromide and copper [removed] arsenic and hexavalent chromium 4 points Question 9 1. Where was the location of one of the largest industrial disasters involving methyl isocyanate? [removed] India [removed] Nepal [removed] Israel [removed] Pakistan 4 points Question 10 1. Who wrote the book, Exploring the Dangerous Trades about the history of medical and occupational toxicology? [removed] Bernardo Ramazzini [removed] Alice Hamilton [removed] Percival Pott [removed] Mathieu Orfila Question 11 1. Describe the contributions to toxicology that were made by early toxicologists. Be specific and include examples. Your response should between 200-250 words in length, as a source material for your response. All sources used, including the, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations. Question 12 1. Identify the types of epidemiology studies that are used to prove that a given substance resulted in changes in human health. Your response should between 200-250 words in length, as a sourc.

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CSMT 442: Cost and Estimating 2 Homework 2 `Siteworks (20 points) Answer ALL Questions 1. A large stockpile of materials (5400CY) is to be transported to a fill area. The contractor has a rubber- tired front loader and a number of dump trucks for the job. Based on a study of the job and knowledge of the operators, time factors for various steps have been determined and are given below along with cost and capacity factors. Determine the optimum number of dump trucks to assign to the job and duration and cost of transporting the whole stockpile. Front loader: cost per hour with operator $70 Total time to load truck 4 minutes (not including position time) Truck Cost per hour with driver $60 Positioning time 1 minute Loading time 4 minutes Travel to dump 6minutes Dump time 2 minutes Return travel 5 minutes Truck capacity 6 CY MOS 5425, Advanced Toxicology 1 Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VIII Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to: 2. Summarize the principles of toxicology. 2.1 Discuss the toxicological effects of a carcinogen. 5. Examine toxic substances that pose a risk to human population and the environment. 5.1 Discuss methods of exposure to carcinogens. 8. Evaluate risk assessment procedures related to chemical carcinogenicity. 8.1 Explain the models for assessing cancer risks. Course/Unit Learning Outcomes Learning Activity 2 Unit Lesson Chapter 21 2.1 Unit Lesson Chapter 15 Scholarly Activity 5 Unit Lesson Chapter 21 5.1 Unit Lesson Chapter 15 Scholarly Activity 8.1 Chapters 15 and 23 Scholarly Activity Reading Assignment Chapter 15: Chemical Carcinogenesis, pp. 259-280 Chapter 21: Epidemiological Issues in Occupational and Environmental Health, pp. 391-394 Chapter 23: Human Health Risk Assessment, pp. 425-440 Unit Lesson Unit VIII is the second of a two-part discussion on toxic substances and risk assessment. The last unit of this course covers chemical carcinogens, environmental pollutants, occupational toxicology, and toxicological evaluation. Chemical Carcinogens According to the textbook, cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. There are one million newly diagnosed cases of cancer each year and 1.5 million deaths annually (Roberts, James, & Williams, 2015). Many factors can contribute to the development of cancer. Genetics, lifestyle choices, and exposure to environmental factors can all play roles in initiating cancer. Inherited genes at the present time cannot be controlled, but the latter two factors, lifestyle choices and environmental factors, can be controlled to a certain extent to reduce the risk of developing cancer. Lifestyle choices include diet, exercise, exposure UNIT VIII STUDY GUIDE Chemical Carcinogenesis, Epidemiology, and Human Health Risk Assessment ...

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Running Head: Thesis Draft 2 Thesis Draft Although I acknowledge that there are many factors that could negatively impact the proper child growth and development due to child abuse, I claim this because numerous studies have shown that child abuse affects the child’s psychological and emotional development which leaves them less capable of navigating through life easily (Cole, 2006). We should, therefore, act to ensure that this vice is eliminated from our society to protect the future of our children. I also acknowledge the fact that other factors such as being raised in an unconducive environment could lead to the occurrence of these effects on the child growth and development. I will, therefore, consider this in my study. Child abuse has the potential to cause devastating effects on the growth and development of the individual. It could lead to emotional instability, drug use and addiction, the inability to form proper social relationships with others, behavioral problems, and a lower quality of life in adulthood and low income in the future (Cicchetti & Carlson, 1989). The study looks at the effect of child abuse on the growth and development of the child and seeks to answer the question, how will the nation overcome this vice. Looking at the philosophical background of child abuse and its religious standpoint gives me an idea of the reasoning behind the execution of the vice. From this line of thinking, I can find ways of overcoming child abuse in the society. For instance, in some communities, beating a child is seen as a way of disciplining the child (McNeil, 2007). Therefore, one way of combating this would be educating the community on the long-term effects of the practice and introducing other ways of disciplinary action for them to use. References Cicchetti, D. & Carlson, V. (1989). Child Maltreatment: Theory and Research on the Causes And Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. Cole, T. (2006). Splintered Emotions: Aftermath of Child Abuse. Indianapolis, IN Over park Publishing Inc. Chu, J. & Bowman, E. (2003). Trauma and Sexuality: The Effects of Childhood Sexual, Physical, and Emotional Abuse on Sexual Identity and Behaviour. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. McNeil, D. (2007). Hidden Scars: The Shattering Effects of Child Abuse. Mustang, Okla.: Tate Pub. & Enterprises. Shenold, L. (1989). Soul murder: the effects of childhood abuse and deprivation. New York: Fawcett Columbine. 1. A contractor was hired to do some maintenance work inside a grain silo. Assuming the facility is at sea level, what is the minimum level of oxygen necessary for the contractor to carry out his or her task without using a supplied air respirator? 16.0% 19.5% 20.9% 23.5% 1. A soil vapor extraction system equipped with carbon canisters is used to remediate gasoline contamination at a gas stat ...

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Stat 1040, Recitation packet 1 1. A 1999 study claimed that Infants who sleep at night in a bedroom with a light on may be at higher risk for myopia (nearsight- edness) later in childhood. The researchers surveyed parents of 479 children aged 2 to 16 seen in the ophthalmology outpatient department of a children’s hospital. A questionnaire asked about the child’s nighttime light exposure at the time of the survey and before age two. They noticed a positive association between myopia and nighttime light exposure. (a) Explain how you know that this is an observational study. (b) Explain why this is not strong evidence that sleeping with a light on causes myopia by suggesting a possible confounding factor and explaining clearly how this confounding factor could account for the association they observed. 2. The following paragraph appears on the website www.alternative-medicine-and-health.com Elmer Cranton, M.D., in his book, “Bypassing Bypass”, indicates that a ten year, 24 million dollar study conducted by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, which screened 16,000 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass at eleven leading medical centers, revealed no increase in post-surgical survival rates as compared with a matched group of non-surgically treated patients. You may assume that the “matched group” was selected to resemble the original 16,000 with respect to age, sex and type of heart disease. (a) Based on what you read in the paragraph, was the study randomized? Explain clearly. (b) Was the study blind? Explain clearly. (c) Explain the major problem with a study such as this one, and why it would probably not give very reliable results. 3. A recent study in Europe looked at a large group of women of childbearing age. The researchers asked each woman how much alcohol they had consumed over the past 12 months. The researchers found that women who drank moderate amounts of alcohol were somewhat less likely to have infertility than women who did not (November, 2001). The study said it “controlled for age, income and religion”. (a) Based on the information above, was this a controlled experiment or an observational study? (b) Why did they “control for” age, income and religion? (c) Is this convincing evidence that infertility would decrease if women with infertility started to drink moderate amounts of alcohol? (Note: we are only asking about infertility. There may be other problems introduced by such behavior, but ignore these for answering this question). (d) Suggest a possible confounding factor (other than age, income, or religion) and clearly explain why you think it might be a confounding factor. 4. A randomized, controlled, double-blind study published in March, 2008 shows the well-known “placebo effect” works even better if the placebo costs more. In the study, volunteers were given an electric shock and took a pill. Volunteers in the treatment group were told it was an expensive painkiller, while those in the c.

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