1. After WWI, Germany faced economic problems like inflation and reparations payments that caused unrest. The League of Nations was too weak and the US did not join. 2. In the 1920s and 1930s, totalitarian dictatorships rose in Germany under Hitler and in Italy under Mussolini. Both glorified the state over individuals and stressed nationalism. 3. Stalin consolidated power in the USSR after Lenin's death and instituted authoritarian policies like collectivization that caused famine and purges that eliminated dissent. He rapidly industrialized the country through centralized 5-year plans.

1. PROBLEMS AFTER THE WAR

2. 1.Germ
unhappy w/
treaty.
*due to
reparations,
loss of land &
reduction in
military

3. 2. League of Nations too
weak- US did not join
because we did not ratify
harsh treaty.
•LON used economic
sanctions to stop
problems, not
force

4. 3. Inflation- a rise in
prices due to Germ
printing more
money

5. 4. DAWES PLAN- US plan
set up to help Germ pay
back reparations &
loaned 200 million to
rebuild.
•Created US
investment.

6. 5. DEPRESSION-
period of low
eco activity &
rising
unemployment

7. Depression caused by:
1. Farm prices fall due
to overproduction(some
destroy crops to help prices)

8. 2. US stock market booms
in 20s, so investors pull
money out of Germ to
invest.
3.Market crashes
& stock prices
drop

9. 4. US investors w/draw
money from Germ &
Euro & banks
weakened.
5. Production falls &
unemployment
rises.

10. •Economist John
Maynard
Keynes- said:
Unemployment
caused by less
demand (which
can be increased
by putting people
to work building
public works)

11. FDR
•US-Franklin
D Roosevelt
wins 1932
election.
• 15 mill out
of work,
50% cut in
production

12. •Created NEW DEAL- put
people to work by
funding public works.
(building roads, post
offices, airports).
• Creates Social Security
Act, TVA, etc.

13. RISE OF THE DICTATORS

14. STALIN & THE USSR

15. • DON’T WRITE!!!
• By 1939, Fr & BR only big
• nations of Europe still
democratic
•New form of
dictatorship
develops

16. • TOTALITARIANISM - aims
to control all aspects of
citizen’s lives. (poli, eco,
social, culture & intellectual
•Individual will is
subordinated
to collective
will of masses

19. • DON’T WRITE!!!!!!!!!!
• Famine hits in 1920-1922 &
industry falls 20%.
• VI LENIN create NEW ECONOMIC
POLICY (called NEP), a version
of capitalism or socialism.
• Peasants can sell produce & small
businesses could be privately
owned, but
heavy industry & banking
owned by govt

20. •Communists
create
UNION OF
SOVIET
SOCIALIST
REPUBLICS
1922 (USSR)

21. • Sickle-Unity of peasants
• Hammer- workers
• Red field: blood spilled by
workers in fight for freedom
• Star-energy of sun and life

22. • Lenin died in 1924 & a fight
for power begins in Politburo

24. •LEON
TROTSKY, war
commissar,
wants to
spread
communist rev
& industrialize
rapidly

25. • Josef Stalin- former editor
of PRAVDA (Bolshevik
propaganda magazine) &
party general secretary
wants power.
• In charge of
appointing 1000s
of officials, who
support him.

26. • Stalin gets control of
party.
• Gets rid of old Bolsheviks,
& exiles Trotsky (who is
murdered in Mexico).

28. •Creates 5 YEAR PLANS-
sets of eco goals for 5
year periods to go from
agricultural nation to
industrial (1 plan-was
st
produce more CAPITAL
GOODS (goods used to
produce other
goods)

29. • Bigger labor
force in cities to
work in the
factories caused:
• no housing.
• Low wages.
• Strict laws
• Propaganda
stresses sacrifice
to build nation

30. •COLLECTIVIZATION-govt
took over private farms &
made peasants work for
them. Wealthy kulaks
were targeted
• By 1934, 26 mil farms taken.
• Famine occurs, 10 mil die,
resistors sent to
labor camps & party
control increases.

31. • Paranoid Stalin begins PURGES-
eliminating problem people to
keep power. (killed or sent to
Gulags (labor camps))

33. • Military officers,
party members,
citizens, union
officials &
diplomats were
killed, arrested Nikoli Yezhov
or sent to labor
camps . History
was changed,
rewritten to
make Stalin
hero

34. Communism

36. HITLER & GERMANY

37. Don’t write!
• Born Aus 1889,
Austria, 4th of 6.
Older kids all died
• Family issues
• high school failure
• Traveled to Vienna &
rejected by art
school.
• avoided signing up
for Austrian army
due to mixed races.
Fought in Bavarian
regiment
• Dev racist &
nationalist ideas in
Vienna & after war

39. • HITLER’S REPORT CARD
• French Unsatisfactory
• Geography Satisfactory
• German Adequate
• Gymnastics Excellent
• History Satisfactory
• Physics Adequate
• Mathematics Unsatisfactory
• Art Excellent
• Chemistry Adequate
• Geometry Adequate

41. • After WWI,
joined
extreme
nationalist
group in
Munich called
German
Workers
Party in 1919.

42. • By 1921, controls &
renames party National
Socialist German
Workers Party (NSDAP)
or NAZI.
*55,000 people join
*Create party
militia of 12,000
called Brown Shirts.

43. • Storm public
meeting in 1923
w/ Gen
Luddendorf
(called BEER
HALL PUTSCH,
meant to imitate
Mussolini)
to
demand new
govt, it fails &
Hitler arrested

44. •Wrote Mein Kampf in
jail about “superior
nations” have right to
LEBENSRAUM- living
space thru expansion.
*“Superior
individuals”
should rule over
the masses

45. •*

47. • Realizes Nazi party needs
to get votes to get power,
not violent rev. Party
expands & appeals to
pride.
• Biggest party in
REICHSTAG
(parliament) by
1929.

48. • Don’t WRITE!
• Nazi rise helped by
unemployment & eco
problems
• Industry
leaders,
aristocrats,
officers look to
Hitler for leadership.

49. • Pres.
Hindenburg
needs to get
support in 1933.
• He makes Hitler
Chancellor in
1933, thinking
he could control
him

50. •Hitler
sets up
total Nazi
control by
Mar. 23,
1933

51. • Reichstag passes ENABLING
ACT- give govt power to
ignore constitution for
4 years to pass
laws to deal
w/ nations
problems & gave
Hitler legal basis for actions

53. •Nazis purge Jews from
govt & set up
CONCENTRATION CAMPS,
abolished
trade unions
& poli
parties

54. • Hindenburg dies in 1934 &
Hitler rules. All officials
take oath of loyalty to
“Fuhrer”.
• Wants to develop an
“Aryan nation” to rule
Europe.
• Says Germ had 2 empires
& Hitler will create THIRD
REICH or 3rd empire

55. DON’T WRITE!!!!!!!
• Believed they
were
descendents of
Romans &
Greeks &
Germs meant to
create Roman-
like empire.

56. • Heinrich Himmler
was head of The
SCHUTZSTAFFEN
(SS), Hitler’s secret
police, bodyguards
who used arrests,
executions &
concentration
camps for control &
terror

57. •Hitler used
public works &
grants to
private
construction
firms to put
people to work
& rearmed
military

58. • JOESPEH GOEBBELS,
Hitler’s propaganda
minister set up:
mass demonstrations,
parades, speeches,
controlled churches &
schools, formed
professional groups for
occupations & NAZI youth
group’s for kids

60. • Nuremberg Laws were
racial laws that: excluded
Jews from citizenship;
wear yellow star & id card;
Jews banned from public
buildings, transportation
& marriage to Germans;
cannot own, manage or
work in stores.

61. •

62. • KRISTALLNACHT
- (night of
shattered glass)
Nov 9, 1939-
Nazi’s, kill 100,
destroy 7000
businesses &
synagogues
• 30,000 men
sent to camps

63. MUSSOLINI
& ITALY

64. ITALY
• 1920s: BENITO MUSSOLINI
created a new poli party.
• Creates FASCISM which
glorifies state above the
individual, nationalism,
glory of Italy & needs a
strong central govt led by
dictator

65. 1920- Italy has problems.
Middle class fears
communist takeover. Muss
forms BLACK SHIRTS
(armed fascists) who
attack strikes &
communists
making many
happy

66. • 1922: Fascist threaten to
march on Rome if not
given power.
• King VICTOR
EMMANUAL III makes
Muss Prime minister &
Muss creates fascist
dictatorship by making PM
head of govt.

67. • Steps to control:
1.created secret
police (OVRA), who
arrest anyone.
2. Banned & kills
opposition.
3. Muss called Il
Duce (the leader)
4. Stresses Italian
pride

68. 5.Took over media to spread
propaganda,
slogans.
6. Created youth
groups. Focused
on military
activities & values
to create war lovers

69. •Muss gave money to
Catholic Church &
created Vatican City as
independent state &
made it religion of Italy
• In return, Pope
urged Italy to
support Muss.