Impact of climate change on water resources

1. Impact of Climate Change
on Water Resources

2. Presenters
 Muhammad Yasir Anwar

3. INTRODUUCTION
 Ozone layer depletion due to emission of
harmful gasses
 World output grows but on the cost of polluted
environment
 Climate change decrease the availability of
water resources
 dependency on ground water is increasing

4. Cont…
 Livestock, agriculture and industry are major
sectors of water consumption
 Climate change effect water reservoirs which
cause human death and damages in
infrastructure
 melting glaciers
 agro sector based on water Pak face setback

5. Cont…
 long run growth will effect
 need of regulatory authority to intervene
 impact of climate change on water resources
in Asia

6. LITERATURE REVIEW
 Positive relation between rainfall and ground source of
water(Justin Wright 2007)
 Hot season requires more utilization of water resources
 Temperature fluctuation increase or decrease the
demand of natural resources
 Industrial growth contributively effect the environment
and in return climate effect the rainfall

7. Article by Kusangaya et al
 Green house gases also contribute in changing the climate
conditions which in effect rise the sea level, temperature, intense
storm, Heavy rainfall
 Many variable contribute in changing the climate but the intensity of
these variable is unpredictable
 Impact of climate change on the agricultural sector of south Africa is
very harmful
 Management should attentively take their part in order to regulate
the economy resources efficiently

8. Article by OJO et al.,
 Downfall in the trend of rainfall in west Africa create water shortages
 discussing some of the predictions in order to overcome the problem of
managing the system of supplying water and applying some of the
mechanism to control the management
 Mismanagement is also creating an opportunity for the people to misuse
the resource of water and causing its scarcity in the region
 Planning and managing is really considered as a tough job because in
future the intensity of climate change is more than some previous
situations and greenhouse gases are taking an extra part for this rapid
change

9. Theoretical Framework
 We use two approaches to Analyze the impact of climatic change
in Long run
 Dynamic Approach (Indirect Approach) which explains
 Capture the Indirect effect on water demand.
 Most commonly used growth model to analyze the impact of Ramsey, Solow
and Endogenous growth model.
 Observing the climatic variable.
 Enumerative Approaches (Direct Approach)
 Direct effect on water demand.

10. Cont…
 Affect the whole dynamics
 E.g. Global warming affect ecosystem, Floods affect
agricultural output.
 It covers effects of rising temperature on the water
reserves which is essential for the agriculture output,
livestock in long run.

11. Increased Drought
 Water is the key element of human life
 Climatic change affects the balance between water demand and
water availability beside this due to increase population,
urbanization and wealth water demand already has been
increased.
 Due to climate change, rise sea level and global warming
decrease in water supply causes in Africa and Pakistan.
 Damages Occurred by Climate Change
 Economic problems, Social distraction, life loss and diseases.

12. Effect of Climate on Glaciers
 High temperature Causes melting glaciers at record
level
 Once glaciers melted can not be restored
 We have to find alternative water resources at higher socio-
economic cost
 Bear additional cost of supplying safe water.

13. Econometric Technique
 we use time series data from 1990 to 2010 of Pakistan, all
variables are stationary at level therefor we use OLS
technique to regress the model, variables are as fellows,
 Water Resources : Term Improved water resources take
from the percentage of the population which are using
improved drinking water sources. This improvement in
water sources includes piped water on premises for water
connections inside the household’s dwelling, plot or yard.
It also includes public taps, tube wells, protected dug
wells, clean and safe rain water collection.

14. Cont.……
Climate Change : Carbon dioxide emit from the burning
of fossil fuels, consumption of solid, liquid, and
gaseous fuels and in the process of manufacturing of
cement, sugar and cloth etc.
Economic Growth .
Population Growth.

15. Estimation and Results
Dependent Variable: EXP_IMP_WATR_SOURCE
Method: Least Squares
Date: 12/15/14 Time: 12:11
Sample: 1991 2010
Included observations: 20
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
C 75.12143 4.227636 17.76914 0.0000
CO2_EMIT 7.112963 2.561670 2.776690 0.0135
GDP_PCAP_2005 0.012305 0.002194 5.609042 0.0000
POP_GROW 1.428595 0.482846 2.958699 0.0092
R-squared 0.957707 Mean dependent var 88.42000
Adjusted R-squared 0.949777 S.D. dependent var 1.737694
S.E. of regression 0.389426 Akaike info criterion 1.128572
Sum squared resid 2.426445 Schwarz criterion 1.327718
Log likelihood -7.285719 Hannan-Quinn criter. 1.167447
F-statistic 120.7705 Durbin-Watson stat 1.745251
Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000

16. Conclusion
 Human activities like Co2 emission and fossil fuel consumption
resulted in an increase in greenhouse gases in atmosphere.
These increases in greenhouse gases change the earth’s
climate which leads to the change in global surface
temperature of the planet. As temperature rise steadily it will
change the climate, as climate changes it effect the water
resources on the earth.
 A reduction in rainfall will lead to desertification in some areas.
In Pakistan, there are a lot of environmental changes occur
from last ten years. Reduction in stream flow and snowpack is
due to environmental changes in Pakistan.

17. Cont.….
 These are the fresh water resources which can be used
in future but due to rise in temperature these resources
wastage in shape of flooding and Pakistan has no
storage capacity due to insufficient quantity of dams.
If stream flow continues in this way then some areas
could experience water shortage

18. Thanks For listening
We will appreciate your Questions,
suggestion and Comments!