Directive is to improve the right to information and to consultation of employees in Community-scale undertakings and Community-scale groups of undertakings.The arrangements for informing and consulting employees shall be defined and implemented in such a way as to ensure their effectiveness and to enable the undertaking or group of undertakings to take decisions effectively. Matters shall be considered to be transnational where they concern the Community-scale undertaking or Community-scale group of undertakings as a whole, or at least two undertakings or establishments of the undertaking or group situated in two different Member States.Direttva è intesa a migliorare il diritto all’informazione e alla consultazione dei lavoratori nelle imprese e nei gruppi di imprese di dimensioni comunitarie. Le modalità di informazione e consultazione dei lavoratori sono definite e attuate in modo da garantirne l’efficacia e consentire un processo decisionale efficace nell’impresa o nel gruppo di imprese. Sono considerate questioni transnazionali quelle riguardanti l’impresa di dimensioni comunitarie o il gruppo di imprese di dimensioni comunitarie nel loro complesso o almeno due imprese o stabilimenti dell’impresa o del gruppo ubicati in due Stati membri diversi. Directiva tiene por objeto la mejora del derecho de información y consulta a los trabajadores en las empresas y grupos de empresas de dimensión comunitaria.Las modalidades de información y consulta a los trabajadores se definirán y aplicarán de modo que se garantice su efectividad y se permita una toma de decisiones eficaz de la empresa o del grupo de empresas.Se considerarán transnacionales las cuestiones que afectan al conjunto de la empresa o grupo de empresas de dimensión comunitaria o al menos a dos empresas o establecimientos de la empresa o del grupo situados en dos Estados miembros diferentes. Das Ziel dieser Richtlinie ist die Stärkung des Rechts auf Unterrichtung und Anhörung der Arbeitnehmer in gemeinschaftsweit operierenden Unternehmen und Unternehmensgruppen.Die Modalitäten der Unterrichtung und Anhörung der Arbeitnehmer werden so festgelegt und angewandt, dass ihre Wirksamkeit gewährleistet ist und eine effiziente Beschlussfassung des Unternehmens oder der Unternehmensgruppe ermöglicht wird. directive a pour objectif d’améliorer le droit à l’information et à la consultation des travailleurs dans les entreprises de dimension communautaire et les groupes d’entreprises de dimension communautaire. Les modalités d’information et de consultation des travailleurs sont définies et mises en œuvre de manière à en assurer l’effet utile et à permettre une prise de décision efficace de l’entreprise ou du groupe d’entreprises. Sont considérées comme transnationales les questions qui concernent l’ensemble de l’entreprise de dimension communautaire ou du groupe d’entreprises de dimension communautaire, ou au moins deux entreprises situés dans deux États membres différents.

1. Eurofound Representativeness studiesEurofound Representativeness studies
Eurofound – European Foundation for the
Improvement of Living and Working Conditions
www.eurofound.europa.eu

2. 1. Presenting Eurofound1. Presenting Eurofound
2. What representativeness means?2. What representativeness means?
3. Presentation REP studies3. Presentation REP studies
Eurofound – European Foundation for the
Improvement of Living and Working Conditions
www.eurofound.europa.eu
Peter KERCKHOFSPeter KERCKHOFS

3. What is Eurofound ?What is Eurofound ?
A tripartite European agency
of the Eur. Commission
Established in 1975
Carrying out comparative
socio-economic research
With a staff of 115 persons
and a Budget of EUR 20.5m
(in 2012)

4. Doing industrial relations research inDoing industrial relations research in
A tripartite agencyA tripartite agency
An agency of the European Commission
With a tripartite governing board (& bureau)
Composed by trade union delegates,
representatives from employers organisations and
ministries of labour, from all the EU member states
Advisory committees monitor publications
Work program is jointly defined with the social
partners, national governments and the
European Commission

5. EurofoundEurofound’’s missions mission
Is to provide knowledge and expertise to
social partners and policy makers
By monitoring and analysing changes taking
place in the EU
By researching these developments, to
understand them, and
By communicating and sharing this knowledge
With three perspectives; the one of workers,
employers and governements…

6. Monitoring trends and developmentsMonitoring trends and developments
Surveys:
European Working Conditions Surveys (EWCS)
European Quality of Life Surveys (EQLS)
European Company Surveys (ECS)
Observatories:
One network for data collection and analysis for three
observatories:
• European Industrial Relations Observatory (EIRO)
• European Working Conditions Observatory (EWCO)
• European Restructuring Monitor (ERM)

7. Exploring and assessingExploring and assessing
policies and practicespolicies and practices
Comparative Analytical Reports, of developments in
industrial relations and working conditions in a sector
or on a specific topic, like the impact of the crisis
Representativeness Studies requested by the European Commission
Case study research:
Information and consultation practices
Workplace innovation
European Works Council developements

8. Comparative socio economic researchComparative socio economic research
8
In 3 research units
Living conditions and quality of life
Employment and change
Working conditions and industrial relations
Stakeholder enquiry service

9. Eurofound stakeholder enquiry serviceEurofound stakeholder enquiry service
projects in workprogramme & 4YWPprojects in workprogramme & 4YWP
On demand studies / Taylor made
stakeholders may request specific research project
Answering ad hoc needs
For 2012-13 requests Steel, Construction & Hair
Objectives of other research projects
In perspective of Eurofound four year work program
Four year works programme 2013-2016
Currently the 2014 year work programme is made

10. Eurofound Representativeness studiesEurofound Representativeness studies
Eurofound – European Foundation for the
Improvement of Living and Working Conditions
www.eurofound.europa.eu

11. What is representativeness?What is representativeness?
• Representativeness is defined as
• The level how accurately the characteristics of a
group reflect upon a sample, how good a limited
study sample reflects the whole population.
• A characteristic of social democracy, in which
elected representatives represent a group of people
(this is opposite to direct participation)
• Edmund Burke: duty of representative is to express
wishes electorate & use own judgement

12. The relevance ofThe relevance of
the representativeness of social partnersthe representativeness of social partners
• Representativeness can be…
• A precondition social partner organisations in
some member states to take part in social dialogue
and/or in collective bargaining.
• Part of the election process of representatives in
works councils (at company level)
• A minimum requirement in some countries for the
extension of collective bargaining agreements

13. Purpose of REP studiesPurpose of REP studies
• Representativeness is
• the basis of their right to be consulted by the
Commission under article 154 TFEU
• A criterion for setting up of sector social dialogue
(Art 1 of Commission decision of 20 May 1998)
• Crucial in negotiations leading to agreements
implemented by Council decision
(155 TFEU)

14. Step 1: Definition of the scope of the sector
Step 2: Data is collected by the EIRO national correspondents
. on the basis of a questionnaire
Step 3: Social partners at European and National level are consulted
. on the data collected from EIRO national correspondents
. Comments help to improve the quality of national reports
Step 4: A contractor is drafting an overview report
Step 5: The overview report is evaluated in
. Eurofound’s tripartite advisory committee
. (including representatives of Eur. Social Partners)
Step 6: National reports and overview report are published online
MethodologyMethodology

15. Step 1: definition of the scope of a sectorStep 1: definition of the scope of a sector
NACE Codes 20 & 21 & 22NACE Codes 20 & 21 & 22

16. Step 2: Data collection nat. correspondentsStep 2: Data collection nat. correspondents
Top down & bottom up approachTop down & bottom up approach

17. Sector Organisation
Congruence C
Sectionalism S
Overlap O
Sectional overlap SO
AnalysesAnalyses

18. Publication of REP studies onlinePublication of REP studies online
Structure of the overview reportStructure of the overview report
• Executive summary
1. Employment and economic trends
2. Analysis of social partners in member states
3. Analysis of European level interest representation
Membership & capacity to negotiate
Other EU level organisations
• Methodology
• Data tables

19. 41 REP studies41 REP studies
conducted by Eurofoundconducted by Eurofound
2013 & 2014 Food & drink industry, Audiovisual services, Life performance, Sports and
leisure, Cross sector, Textiles & clothing, local and regional government,
construction, electricity, road transport and logistics, chemical industry,
shipyards, telecommunications and ICT, Gas, Graphical sector.
2012 Horeca, cleaning services, private security, insurance, paper, sea fisheries
2011 Banking, Public Administration, Education, Commerce
2010 Inland water transport, metal, catering, foutwear, civil aviation
2009 Steel , tanning and leather, personal services (health and beaty care),
Hospitals, Inland waterways
2008 Railways, Sea and costal water transport, Post and courrier services,
Manufacture of sugar
2007 Agriculture, Telecomunications
Before 2007 UCL (Université Catholique de Louvain)

20. REP studiesREP studies
conducted by UCLconducted by UCL
2006 Woodworking and Furniture, Mining and quarring sector, Fishing industry
2005 Football, shipbuilding, Chemical sector
2004 Former EU 15: industrial cleaning, temporary agency work, culture and media
New MS & candidate C.: Construction, Electricity, Road transport
2003 Former EU 15: Private security, Central public administration
New MS & candidate C.: cross sector, trade sector, textile sector
2001 Electricity production and distribution, Hairdressing and beauty care, local
public administration, Horeca, agriculture
2000 Air transport, rail transport, inland waterways, maritime transport, road
transport, banking sector, insurance sector
1999 Construction, trade and distribution, telecommunications, postal sector, textile
and apparel sector

21. For further informationFor further information
http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/eiro/representativeness.htm
All 41 published sector rep studies are on line
IR country profiles in EIRO, and much more…
Proposal for 2014WP: CAR on representativenss in
different EU member states
End 2013: cross sector rep will be published
(currently in process)

22. Cross sector rep study (work in progress)Cross sector rep study (work in progress)

23. density rates of cross sectordensity rates of cross sector
trade union and employer organisationstrade union and employer organisations
35
23
17
85
50
75
59
65
45
19
14
26
30
13
26
53
23
15
33
28
32
6
16
10
75
3
18
70
1,4
48
23
9
50
8 3
12
19 20
6 8
61
20
5
29
97
9
52
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
AT BE BG CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GR HR HU IE IT LT LU LV MT NL PL PT RO SE SL SK UK
employer densityemployer densityemployer densityemployer density union densityunion densityunion densityunion density
density rates are calculated as the
average of the density rates of
individual TU/Emp organsiations

24. peter.kerckhofs@eurofound.europa.eupeter.kerckhofs@eurofound.europa.eu
For more information on EUROFOUND,
please visit:
www.eurofound.europa.eu