Communicative competence refers to an individual's pragmatic ability to use language effectively and appropriately based on context. It involves multiple dimensions including grammatical competence, sociolinguistic competence, discourse competence, and strategic competence. Theorists like Hymes, Savignon, and Cummins contributed to the understanding of communicative competence, distinguishing between basic interpersonal skills and cognitive academic language proficiency. Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to meaning. It involves sociopragmatics, pragmalinguistics, and examines language use across situations, cultures, and through nonverbal channels.

1. Communicative Competence

2. What is Communicative Competence? Hymes The ability to interpret messages and negotiate meaning within specific contexts. Savignon An interpersonal construct examined by means of overt performance of two or more people in the process of communication.

4. Focus on form

5. Used for classroom exercises

6. Communicative capacity of language

7. Focus on meaning

8. Used for daily interpersonal exchangesBICS Context Embedded Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills

10. Morphology

11. Syntax

12. Semantics

15. Intersentential RelationshipsDiscourse Competence

17. Register

18. Naturalness

19. Cultural References

20. Vocabulary

21. Morphology

22. Syntax

23. Phonology

25. Heuristic Functions

26. Imaginative Functions

27. Cohesion

29. Language Functions Purposes we accomplish with language: stating REQUESTING responding greeting

30. Halliday’s 7 Functions Certain events happen Particular conditions change Go out! 1- Instrumental Control of events Setting rules If it’s not cold, stay outside. 2- Regulatory Conveying facts and knowledge Representing reality as it is Yoghurt is white! 3- Representational To establish & maintain contact Knowledge of slang, jargon, jokes… What’s up dude?!! 4- Interactional To express feelings and emtions Oh dear! I feel so blue today!  5- Personal Seeking answers (usually in the form of questions) 6- Heuristic Where do babies come from?!!! To create ideas and imaginations Going beyond the real world “Love is metaphysical gravity.” 7- Imaginative

31. Functional Approach Notional-Functional syllabuses Notion Function Notion is referred both to abstract concepts such as existence, space, time, quantity and quality Functions correspond to what we already talked about Language Functions i.e. instrumental, representational, etc.

32. Discourse Analysis The examination of the relationship between forms and functions of language. It’s language beyond the sentence. Without the pragmatic contexts of discourse our communications would be ambiguous.

33. Conversation Analysis Attention Getting It’s the first rule that children learn. Topic Nomination Speakers do it after securing hearer’s attention. Topic Development Speakers do it after securing hearer’s attention. Turn Taking Set of culturally oriented rules to communicate properly. Clarification Is usually manifested in forms of Heuristic functions. Repair From indirect signals to outright corrections (strategic competence) Shifting and Avoidance They are effected through verbal and nonverbal signals. Interruptions They are a form of attention getting. Topic Termination It’s an art of finishing the conversation which is hard even for native speakers!

34. Grice Maxims Say only as much as necessary. Say only what is true. Quantity Quality Relevance Manner Say only what is relevant. Be clear!

35. Contrastive Rhetoric Naturally occuring discourses, usually written, across different language and cultures.

36. Pragmatics Sociopragmatics Pragmalinguistics The interface between pragmatics and social organization. e.g. American: What an unusual necklace. It’s beautiful. Samoan: Please take it! The intersection of pragmatics and linguistic forms. e.g. Tuand vous in French. In English there’s only “you” for both formal and informal. But in French they use plural “you” to address an individual politely.

38. Men Interrupt more than women.

40. Discourse Styles ORATORICAL Style The language of speaking for a large audience. There may be some interactions sometimes. DELIBERATIVE Style The language of speaking for a larger audience in which the magnitude of the crowed doesn’t let interaction. CONSULTATIVE Style A formal dialog with careful choice of words, such as a doctor-patient conversation. CASUAL Style Language of friends, colleagues, and family members. INTIMATE Style Complete absence of social inhibitions usually between very close friends.

41. Nonverbal Communication Clothes Kinesics Artifacts Body Language Touching Eye Contact Kinesthetics Proxemics Smelling Physical Distance Olfactory

42. The End Thanks a lot for your attention. MortezaYazdani mortezayazdani@gmail.com