About Android (history, Version history)

1. Android
World’s most popular OS for mobile phones

2. Outline
• What is Android
• History
• Development
• Security and Privacy
• Market Share and rate of adoption
• Version history
• Beyond smartphones and tablets

3. What is Android
• Android is a Linux-based operating system
designed primarily for touch screen mobile
devices such as smart phones and tablet
computers
• Android is an open source and Google
releases the code under the Apache License
• Android operation system for mobile devices
was written primarily in a customized version
of the Java programming language.

4. What is Android
• Android has a large community of developers
writing applications ("apps") that extend the
functionality of devices.

5. History
• Initially Android OS was developed by Android,
Inc,.
• Android, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California
in October 2003 by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner , Nick
Sears, and Chris White.
• The early intentions of the company were to
develop an advanced operating system for digital
cameras, when it was realized that the market for
the devices was not large enough, and diverted
their efforts to producing a smartphone OS

6. History
• Google acquired Android Inc. on August 17,
2005.
• Key employees of Android Inc., including
Rubin, Miner and White, stayed at the
company after the acquisition.
• Not much was known about Android Inc. at
the time, but many assumed that Google was
planning to enter the mobile phone market
with this move.

7. History
• At Google, the team led by Rubin developed a mobile
device platform powered by the Linux kernel.
• Google marketed the platform to handset makers and
carriers on the promise of providing a flexible,
upgradable system.
• Google's intention to enter the mobile communications
market continued to build through December 2006
• Google wanted its search and applications on mobile
phones and it was working hard to deliver that.

8. History
• On November 5, 2007, the Open Handset
Alliance, a consortium of technology
companies including Google, device
manufacturers such as HTC, Sony and
Samsung, wireless carriers such as Sprint
Nextel and T-Mobile, and chipset makers such
as Qualcomm and Texas Instruments,
unveiled itself, with a goal to develop open
standards for mobile devices

9. History

10. History
• Android was unveiled as its first product, a
mobile device platform built on the Linux
kernel version 2.6. The first commercially
available phone to run Android was the HTC
Dream, released on October 22, 2008

11. History
HTC Dream
• Manufacturer : HTC
• Form factor : Slider smartphone
• Operating system : Android 1.0 (upgradable to 1.6)
• CPU : 528 MHz Qualcomm MSM7201A ARM11
processor
• Memory : 256 MB ROM, 192 MB RAM
• Removable storage : Supports up to 16 GB microSD
• Data inputs : capacitive touchscreen display, QWERTY keyboard,
trackball, volume controls, 3-axis accelerometer
• Display : 320 x 480 px, 3.2 in (81 mm), HVGA, 65,536 color LCD
at 180 pixels per inch (ppi)
• Rear camera : 3.2 megapixel with auto focus
• Connectivity : Wi-Fi (802.11b/g), Bluetooth 2.0+EDR, ExtUSB, A-GPS
Quad-band GSM 850 900 1800 1900 MHz GPRS/EDGE

12. History
• Since 2008, Android has seen numerous updates
which have incrementally improved the operating
system, adding new features and fixing bugs in
previous releases.
• In 2010, Google launched its Nexus series of
devices—a line of smartphones and tablets
running the Android operating system, and built
by a manufacturer partner.
• HTC collaborated with Google to release the first
Nexus smartphone the Nexus One

13. History
• On 13 March 2013, it was announced by Larry
Page in a blog post that Andy Rubin had
moved from the Android division to take on
new projects at Google. He was replaced by
Sundar Pichai, who also continues his role as
the head of Google's Chrome division, which
develops Chrome OS.

14. Development
• Android is developed in private by Google
until the latest changes and updates are ready
to be released, at which point the source code
is made available publicly.
• This source code will only run without
modification on select devices, usually the
Nexus series of devices.

15. Development
Linux
• Android consists of a kernel based on Linux kernel
version 2.6 and, from Android 4.0 (Ice Cream
Sandwich) onwards, version 3.x
Memory management
• Android devices are usually battery-
powered, Android is designed to manage
memory (RAM) to keep power consumption at a
minimum, in contrast to desktop operating
systems which generally assume they are
connected to unlimited mains electricity.

16. Development
• When an Android app is no longer in use, the
system will automatically suspend it in
memory . while the app is still technically
"open," suspended apps consume no
resources (e.g. battery power or processing
power) and sit idly in the background until
needed again.

17. Development
Update Schedule
• Google provides major updates, incremental in
nature, to Android every six to nine months,
which most devices are capable of receiving over
the air.
• The latest major update is Android 4.3 Jelly Bean ,
released on July 24, 2013; 7 days ago
• The new Nexus 7, Google’s in-house Android
tablet, is shipping next week with the 4.3 version
of system software and features preinstalled

18. Security and Privacy
• Android applications run in a sandbox, an isolated area
of the system that does not have access to the rest of
the system's resources, unless access permissions are
explicitly granted by the user when the application is
installed.
• Before installing an application, the Play Store displays
all required permissions: a game may need to enable
vibration or save data to an SD card, for example, but
should not need to read SMS messages or access the
phonebook. After reviewing these permissions, the
user can choose to accept or refuse them, installing the
application only if they accept.

19. Security and Privacy
• Google currently uses their Google Bouncer
malware scanner to watch over and scan the
Google Play store apps.

20. Market share and rate of adoption
• Research company Canalys estimated in the second
quarter of 2009 that Android had a 2.8% share of
worldwide smartphone shipments.
• By the fourth quarter of 2010 this had grown to 33% of
the market, becoming the top-selling smartphone
platform.
• By the third quarter of 2011 Gartner estimated that
more than half (52.5%) of the smartphone market
belongs to Android.
• By the third quarter of 2012 Android had a 75% share
of the global smartphone market according to the
research firm IDC.

21. Market share and rate of adoption
In July 2011, Google said that 550,000 new Android
devices were being activated every day, up from
400,000 per day in May, and more than 100
million devices had been activated with 4.4%
growth per week.
In September 2012, 500 million devices had been
activated with 1.3 million activations per day.
In May 2013, at Google I/O, Sundar Pichai
announced that 900 million Android devices had
been activated.

22. Version History
Version Code name Release date Distribution
4.3 Jelly Bean 24-Jul-13 0.00%
4.2.x Jelly Bean 13-Nov-12 5.60%
4.1.x Jelly Bean 9-Jul-12 32.50%
4.0.3–4.0.4 Ice Cream Sandwich 16-Dec-11 23.30%
3.2 Honeycomb 15-Jul-11 0.10%
3.1 Honeycomb 10-May-11 0%
2.3.3–2.3.7 Gingerbread 9-Feb-11 34.10%
2.3–2.3.2 Gingerbread 6-Dec-10 0%
2.2 Froyo 20-May-10 3.10%
2.0–2.1 Eclair 26-Oct-09 1.50%
1.6 Donut 15-Sep-09 0.10%
1.5 Cupcake 30-Apr-09 0%

23. Android 1.5 (Cupcake)
 Improved Bluetooth
 Camcorder functions
 Upload services like YouTube and Picasa
Version History
Android 1.6 (Donut)
 Higher resolution touch screens
 Improved camera and gallery support
Android 2.0/2.01/2.1 (Éclair)
 Improvements in the browser
 Google Maps
 Google Maps Navigation

24. Android 2.2 (Froyo)
 USB tethering and Wi-Fi hotspot functionality
 Introduction of the Just-In-Time Compiler -- which
significantly speeds up the phone's processing power.
Version History
Android 2.3-2.3.7 (Gingerbread)
 Support for extra-large screen sizes and resolutions
 Improved power management that are keeping the
device awake for too long
 Support for voice or video chat using Google Talk
 Improved Gmail application

25. Version History
Android 3.0-3.2 (Honeycomb)
 It's the first version of Android specifically made for tablets
 Optimized tablet support with a new virtual and “holographic” user
interface
 Added System Bar, featuring quick access to notifications, status, and
soft navigation buttons, available at the bottom of the screen
 Support for external keyboards and pointing devices
Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich)
 Soft buttons from Android 3.x are now available for use on phones
 Face Unlock, a feature that allows users to unlock handsets using
facial recognition software
 Improved camera app with zero shutter lag, time lapse settings,
panorama mode, and the ability to zoom while recording
 Improvements to graphics, databases, spell-checking and Bluetooth
functionality

26. Version History
Android 4.1-4.2 (Jelly Bean)
 Multiple user accounts (tablets only)
 quick-settings in the notification bar
 High-resolution Google+ contact photos
 Lock screen improvements, including widget support and
the ability to swipe directly to camera
Android 4.3 (Jelly Bean)
 Improved window buffer allocation results in a faster image
buffer allocation for your apps
 For highest-performance graphics, Android 4.3 introduces
support for OpenGL ES 3.0
 Support for Restricted Profiles - a new way to manage users
and their capabilities on a single device

27. Beyond smartphone & Tablets
• The open and customizable nature of Android
allows it to be used on other electronics,
including laptops and netbooks, smartbooks ,
smart TVs (Google TV) and cameras (Nikon
Coolpix S800c and Galaxy Camera).
• In addition, the Android operating system has
seen applications on smart glasses (Google
Glass), wristwatches, headphones, car CD and
DVD players, mirrors, portable media players and
landlines and Voice over IP phones.

28. Disadvantages of Android
• Since Google Android is an open source
platform driving all Android phones, it could
significantly increase the risk of hacking these
devices. If this happens, then locking mobiles
as a security measure will be a mockery.

29. Questions