This is a study conducted by NARRI (National Alliance for Risk Reduction and Response Initiatives to assess the current WASH program of the Government of Bangladesh and how Disaster Risk Reduction can be incorporated into the same. The project is being funded by European Commission Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection. For further information please contact Shakeb Nabi (nabi.shakeb@gmail.com). Please also visit our website www.narri-bd.org we also post lots of interesting stuffs on DRR on our facebook (NARRI Bangladesh). We encourage you to become member of the same

1. National Sharing Workshop of the Study on
“ Mainstreaming Of Disaster Risk Reduction into GoB Schemes on Water
and Sanitation: Gap Analysis and Way Forward”
Organized by: DPHE Auditorium
DMRD, MoFDM & NARRI Date: 12 August, 2012

2. The NARRI Consortium
• Eight International NGOs (Action Aid,
CARE, Concern Worldwide, Concern
Universal, Islamic Relief Worldwide,
Oxfam, Plan International and Solidarities
International) & Two Technical Partners
(Handicap International and HealAge
International) have come together and
formed a consortium called National
Alliance for Risk Reduction and Response
Initiatives (NARRI).
• NARRI tends to enhance overall resilience of local communities
vulnerable to natural and human induced hazards.

3. Why NARRI?
• To provide comprehensive and more durable
programme impact: sustainability of action.
• To incur cost effective programme delivery:
economics of scale.
• Diverse experience and complementary efforts:
specialized technical expertise of member
organizations.

4. The Journey of NARRI So Far
• NARRI with financial support of DFID and ECHO has
implemented / current implementing 5 projects on DRR &
Emergency response / recovery worth approximate 300 Crore
BDT benefitting more than 1 million people in 13 districts since its
inception (just a year and half ago)
• NARRI has close working relationship with DMRD, MoFDM,
Ministry of health, Ministry of Education, CDMP, DMB etc.
• NARRI is on its way to set an excellent example not only in
Bangladesh but also in South Asia as far as working in a
consortium approach successfully

5. Bangladesh: The WatSan Scenario
• A national sanitation goal of achieving “100 %
sanitation by 2013” has been set by the
Government of Bangladesh
• Yet both MDG Progress Report 2009 & Global
Assessment Report 2010 (GAR II 2010) indicate
MDG achievement of WatSan in Bangladesh needs
extra attention
• The recurrent & intensifying impacts of Disasters &
Climate Change are putting strain on WatSan
facilities - a reality that is not reflected accurately in
the current reporting and/or research work.

6. Bangladesh: The WatSan Scenario
• Most far-reaching WatSan programmes in the
country don’t include disaster resilience features -
WatSan facilities are damaged away every time a
disaster strikes but not repaired or rebuilt as desired
• Despite countries’ diverse geographical
charactaristics and vulnerability to natural hazards,
provision under WatSan facilities remain the same –
e.g. provision of 3 rings & 1 slab for hard to core
poor for sanitation
• Inadequate monitoring and reporting about the
functioning of the existing WatSan facilities specially
in post disaster scenarios

7. Why a Study on WatSan?
• Despite the existence of Policy & Legal provisions, DRR
mainstreaming into development including WatSan has not
been translated into action as desired
• Thus a study was commission by NARRI
– To ensure WatSan programme of the GoB are disaster resilient
– To complement commitment of the GoB towards achieving the
MDG number 7 on ‘Ensuring Environment Sustainability’ &
priority 4 under the HFA on ‘Reduce the Underlying Risk
Factors’.

8. Objective of the Study
• To establish evidence based learning for the need of DRR
mainstreaming into selected rural focused WatSan
programme of the GoB in view of achieving relevant MDG
targets & HFA priority
• To identify to what extent the GoB policies of mainstreaming
DRR are implemented through the project cycle operation of
WatSan projects, gaps and their reasons, and
• To find out probable ways to minimize those gaps and ensure
mainstreaming of DRR into WatSan projects in compliance
with the GoB policy suggestions.

9. Study Outcome
Through a Gap analysis the study has identified:
• Gaps in the achievement of MDG in light of DRR and HFA
• Gaps in the existing policy implementation of GOB for mainstreaming
WASH in DRR
Based on the findings, the study has:
• Brought out some important findings and recommendations towards
mainstream DRR in WatSan
• Practical tools and guidelines (built on existing resources) to support
DRR mainstreaming into WATSAN programme of GoB

10. Thank You

11. Outline of the Presentation

12. Assessment Basis
Major GoB Policy Suggestions
towards WSDRR
Related to Content
Current Anticipatory • Inclusion of both disaster
Risk Risk of CC risk reduction &
consequence management
options
Related to Process
• Application of participatory
Exposure to Vulnerability of WS Disaster disaster risk assessment &
Hazard existing WatSan Risk planning process of project
development
• Promotion of decentralized
Coping Capacity community participatory &
self-reliant process
• Inclusion of participatory
monitoring & evaluation.

13. Methodology
Data Gathering Case Study
- Literature and - SRWSP
documents review - GoB-Unicef SHEWA-B project
- key informant
interview, Three Field Areas
- direct observations, - Kazipur Upazila of Sirajganj,
- focused group exposed to flood 2007
- Satkhira Sadar Upazila of
discussions,
Satkhira exposed to flood
- cluster wise WatSan 2011
Resource and Risk - Sariatpur Upazila of Sariatpur
mapping, exposed to Sidr 2007
- Role performance R
scoring

14. Methodology
Validation of report
through a panel
review workshop
inviting senior
experts from DPHE,
Planning ministry,
LGD

15. Damage to Economic Sectors Due to Major Disaster
"BIDS has conducted an expenditure tracking study (Islam, Nabiul. 2011) on
disaster risk reduction and found that only major floods and cyclones have
caused average 3.5% negative influence on national GDP".
Damage Floods Cyclone
1998 2004 2007 Sidr 2007 Aila 2009
Total damage (Crore TK) 11,41 13,450 7,253 11,557 1,885
9
% of GDP 5.7% 4.04% 1.53% 2.45 .31%
Infrastructure loss (% of total 50.6% 74.4% 61.6% 63.3% 84.3%
loss)
Agriculture loss (% of total 49.4% 25.6% 38.4% Info Gap Info Gap
loss)
Source: SFYP Part 3: Statistical Annex and Technical Framework; pp. 26-27

16. Pushback of Sanitation: Kazipur
• 43% rural HHs had access to
improved latrine in 2007
(BDHS)
• 81.04% HHs had access to
improved sanitation as of
June 2009 (DPHE)
• 60% HHs have access to
hygienic latrine as of
September 2011 (SHEWA –B
mapping findings)
• Presently 31% HHs using
unhygienic latrine while 9%
HHs have no latrine.

17. Pushback of Sanitation: Satkhira
• 100% HHs had access to
hygienic latrine as of June
2009 (DPHE)
• By August 2011, (before the
flood) due to normal
damage coverage reduced to
88%
• At present 61% HHs have
access to hygienic latrine
• At present 23.33% HHs
using unhygienic latrine &
15% HHs have no latrine

18. Pushback of Sanitation: Sariatpur
• Before Sidr coverage was
81%
• As of June 2009 had 100%
sanitation coverage
(DPHE)
• 80% HHs use hygienic
latrine (SHEWA-B
Mapping) As of December
2011
• At present 11% HHs use
unhygienic latrine while 9%
HHs have no latrine

19. Challenge to achieve WatSan MDG
• MDG Target of Population’s Access to
Improved Sanitation requires
MDG & GoB Target of Population’s
acceleration of yearly coverage rate
Access to Safe Drinking Water requires from 0.75% to 3.55%
acceleration of yearly coverage rate • GoB Target of Population’s Access to
from 0.40% to 0.55% Improved sanitation requires
acceleration of yearly coverage rate
from 0.75% to 22.10 %

20. DRR into WatSan: GoB Policy & Their Execution
Government of GoB Policy Suggestions
Bangladesh has very
Content
strong and progressive
•Inclusion of both Risk Reduction and
policy suggestions for Consequence Management
mainstream DRR into
any WatSan Process
Development •Apply Participatory DRA and Planning
Project/Programme but Process of Project Development
there are ample gaps •Promotion of Decentralized Community
between policy Participatory Self-reliant Process
suggestions and their •Inclusion of Participatory Monitoring and
executions . Evaluation

21. Reasons Behind Gaps for Policy Implementation
• Lack of conceptual clarity on WSDRR
• Inadequate integration of DRR in WS sector policies and
plans
• Absence of policy accorded strategy
• Absence of methodological guide
• Lack of tools
• Inadequate capacity development input
• Deficit of required person power and financial resources
• Inadequate readiness to offer disaster resilient hardware
options

22. Way Forward
Build Conceptual Clarity on WSDRR
•Both LGD & DPHE should develop & introduce a conceptual framework &
definitions of WSDRR.
•WS Wing of LGD to develop a shared conceptual understanding among
national level staff at LGD and DPHE
Integrate DRR in WS Sector Policies & Plans
•LGD should develop a National WatSan DRR Plan & Policies in
coordination with other relevant ministries such as MoA, MoE, MoWR,
MoHFW
•In compliance with NPDM, PSU of LGD should include criteria related to
‘Project Design Approach’ in VGWP-2009 & use it for DPP design.
•PEC can use this revised VGWP for DPP appraisal.

23. Way Forward
Develop and Introduce Policy Accorded Strategies
•LGD should develop a geo-hazard specific Rural WSDRR strategy in
coordination with relevant ministries such as MoA, MoE, MoWR, MoHFW &
Bangladesh Geological Survey
Making Methodological Guides Available for -
•Coordinated intervention sharing framework for ministries and departments
dealing with WatSan and DM
•Resource & service mobilization guidelines for Union and Upazila level
committees
•Multi-stakeholder strategic planning & coordinated operation at Upazila level;
•Operation and Maintenance (O&M);
•Planning guidelines for special regions & context such as Char, Haor and
Coastal

24. Way Forward
• DPHE should develop and introduce detail methodology
of:
–Participatory assessment and planning process for WSDRR project
development;
–Decentralized community participatory and self-reliant process;
–Participatory monitoring and evaluation.
• IMED has a proactive role to play and provide technical
support to DPHE in developing systematic and effective
Result Based M&E involving participatory methodology

25. Way Forward
Have required tools in place
•Planning Commission should develop and introduce a revised DPP pro-
forma that encourages inclusion of DRR objectives, strategies and
activities in design and appraisal.
•LGD to develop and WS contextualized CRA and RRAP tool in
collaboration with CDMP.
•MoFDM & DMB to prepare and introduce revised SOS and D-Form
include Sanitation Damage and Needs Assessment.
•DPHE to develop and introduce result based tools for project M&E.
IMED to provide technical support.

26. Way Forward
Design & Deliver Adequate Capacity Development Input
•WS wing of LGD/NILG/DPHE: Design, plan and roll out training
programmes by which staff at national and local level have adequate
understanding and skills on:
–Concepts and principles of WSDR; in accordance with national, regional
and International polices
–Facilitating multi-stakeholder participatory process of CRA , RRAP of
WatSan; RRAP implementation, M&E
–Design and implement effective training programmes for stakeholders
involved;
–Sustainable organizational development of Union and Upazila WS
committees;

27. Way Forward
Allocate required person power and financial resources
•LGD should allocate adequate fund and accordingly align with its
ADP and MTBF for:
• Pre-DPP design activities such as, CRA and RRAP;
•LGIs WSDRR plan implementation
•Operation and Maintenance
•capacity development of staff at national and local level.
Get ready to offer disaster resilient hardware options
•DPHE should design and implement a DPP for developing a catalogue
of geo-hazard suitable appropriate disaster resilient hardware options.

28. Opportunities Can be Tapped
• Conducive policy environment
• Increasing emphasize of most of the donors / development
partners on DRR mainstreaming
• ECNEC decision
• Some useful tools
• Existing training facilities & resources
• Some hardware options applied
• Comprehensive structure of local WatSan & DM
Committees
• SHEWA-B facilitation model

29. Provisions Can be Brought into a DPP
• Community Mobilization and Awareness Creation on WSDRR;
• Community Risk Assessment and CAP for WSDRR;
• Community Management Capacity Development;
• O&M of installed hardware facilities, especially cyclone and flood
shelter as well as other community places;
• Arsenic Testing Facility in Each of the Upazila DPHE;
• Inbuilt component of R&D for disaster resilient WatSan
Technologies;
• Promotion of local innovations.

30. Provisions Can be Brought into a DPP
• Key recommendations
Please • DRR into WSS: mainstreaming
have a framework
look into
following • Opportunities for bridging the gaps
sections of • Provisions can be brought into a DPP
the detail
report • Tools could be useful
• Inventory of useful training and IEC
resources
• Concerns deserve attention in future

31. Conclusions
• Water and Sanitation is more critical than hospitals for the
human health and other wellbeing.
• Achievements of Rural WatSan are facing a snatching risk by
disasters, denotes an unavoidable need of Disaster Resilient
WatSan Promotion.
• Bangladesh is a disaster prone as well as the most vulnerable
country to climate change. It is one of the Asian countries
lauded for its significant achievement in Disaster Consequence
Management.
• Global-local context offers us a vigorous opportunity to be the
champion of Disaster Resilient WatSan Promotion

32. Thank You