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USE MODALS
ABILITY Can Could (past)
POSSIBILITY
Can
(general or theoretical)
Could
May
Might
(less probable than
may)
PERMISSION Can
May
(formal)
REQUEST
Can /
Could
Will
(formal)
May
(formal)
Would
(formal)
OBLIGATION
Must
(imposed by the
speaker)
Have to
LACK OF
OBLIGATION
Don’t have to Needn’t
DEDUCTION /
CONCLUSION
Must
Should
(less certain)
Can’t
PROHIBITION Mustn’t Can’t May not
ADVICE Should Ought to Might Could
OFFER Shall Would
SUGGESTION Shall Would
Should
(formal)
EXAMPLES USE
1. She can drive a lorry
2. You don’t have to get up early on Saturday.
3. Look at the snow; it must be cold outside.
4. You mustn’t smoke here.
5. I might get a job soon.
6. Shall we go to the theatre this evening?
7. Will you please help me with my homework this afternoon?
8. You have to be at school at 8:45.
9. If you want to pass English, you should study hard.
10. Helen hasn’t come to school since Monday. She must be ill.
11. Can you take me to the bus station?
12. You may only use a pen during the exam.
13. I had to go to school very early when I was in England.
14. It may not rain again this Winter.
15. It’s very cold outside; you ought to wear a coat.

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Modals

  • 1. USE MODALS ABILITY Can Could (past) POSSIBILITY Can (general or theoretical) Could May Might (less probable than may) PERMISSION Can May (formal) REQUEST Can / Could Will (formal) May (formal) Would (formal) OBLIGATION Must (imposed by the speaker) Have to LACK OF OBLIGATION Don’t have to Needn’t DEDUCTION / CONCLUSION Must Should (less certain) Can’t PROHIBITION Mustn’t Can’t May not ADVICE Should Ought to Might Could OFFER Shall Would SUGGESTION Shall Would Should (formal)
  • 2. EXAMPLES USE 1. She can drive a lorry 2. You don’t have to get up early on Saturday. 3. Look at the snow; it must be cold outside. 4. You mustn’t smoke here. 5. I might get a job soon. 6. Shall we go to the theatre this evening? 7. Will you please help me with my homework this afternoon? 8. You have to be at school at 8:45. 9. If you want to pass English, you should study hard. 10. Helen hasn’t come to school since Monday. She must be ill. 11. Can you take me to the bus station? 12. You may only use a pen during the exam. 13. I had to go to school very early when I was in England. 14. It may not rain again this Winter. 15. It’s very cold outside; you ought to wear a coat.