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Teaching and Learning with Technology



           Theoretical Foundations
                                        Chapter 1



Teaching and Learning with Technology
What is Educational Technology?

     • Educational technology is any technology
       used by educators in support of the teaching
       and learning process
     • Educators study educational technology in
       order to have a sound foundation in the
       technologies needed to teach
     • NETS-T standards articulate what teachers
       and students should know about technology

Teaching and Learning with Technology
Educational Technology & Instruction

     • Educational technologies are the tools
       teachers use to create an effective
       instructional event
     • An instructional event includes all activities
       that promote the transfer of knowledge and/or
       skills in the learning environment
     • The learning environment includes the
       physical and non-physical aspects of the area
       in which the instructional event takes place

Teaching and Learning with Technology
About Learning

     • A variety of theories explain how people learn
     • Each theory offers a different perspective on
       learning
     • Some theories may be contradictory
     • Each teacher must personally decide which
       theory he or she agrees with



Teaching and Learning with Technology
Learning Theories
     Learning as Communication
     • Knowledge is transferred by sending a
       message from sender to receiver
     • Receiver then returns feedback to sender
     • Sender receives feedback
     • All messages are impacted by variables that
       may alter the pure meaning of the intended
       message

Teaching and Learning with Technology
Learning Theories
                              Factors Affecting Learning

                                        Psychological
                                          Factors
                                                        Personal
                        Environmental                    Filters
                           Factors




Teaching and Learning with Technology
Learning Theories
     Environmental Factors
     • Any factor in the environment that may cause
       a learner to lose focus
     • Environmental conditions can block
       communications
     • Lighting, movement, temperature may all
       interfere with communications


Teaching and Learning with Technology
Learning Theories
     Psychological Factors
     • Unique individual differences that define and
       impact reception of communicated
       information
     • Emotional state may interfere with message
       reception
     • Learning styles (preferred sensory gateways)
       may interfere with transmission

Teaching and Learning with Technology
Learning Theories
     Personal Filters
     • Individual’s values, heritage, and belief
       system that may alter intended messages
     • May include attitudes, cultural differences,
       and opinions
     • Filters are present in both sender and
       receiver


Teaching and Learning with Technology
Learning Theories
     Behaviorists
     • All behavior is a response to external stimuli
     • Students learn (acquire behaviors, skills and
       knowledge) in response to rewards and
       punishments
     • Learning is a passive response to the
       environment


Teaching and Learning with Technology
Learning Theories
     Cognitivists
     • Focus is on learning as a mental operation
     • Information enters through senses, is
       mentally manipulated, stored and used
     • Learning is explained in terms of how one
       thinks
     • Believe learning is more complex than simple
       behavioristic responses

Teaching and Learning with Technology
Learning Theory
     Constructivists
     • Knowledge is constructed as a result of the
       learning process and is unique to the person
       who constructs it
     • Learning happens when knowledge is
       assimilated or accommodated (Piaget)
     • Knowledge may be constructed best in a
       social context

Teaching and Learning with Technology
The Learner
     Cognitive Styles
     • The manner in which one thinks and
       interprets the environment
     • Myers-Briggs helps to determine cognitive
       preferences
     • Understanding cognitive styles helps
       teachers create a supportive instructional
       environment

Teaching and Learning with Technology
The Learner
     Learning Styles
     • Conditions under which one learns best
     • Relates to individual sensory dominance
     • Auditory learners learn best by listening
     • Visual learners learn best by seeing
     • Kinesthetic/Tactile learners learn best by
       doing and touching


Teaching and Learning with Technology
The Learner
      Intelligence
      • Inherent capabilities to learn and understand
      • Standford-Binet IQ tests emphasize verbal
        and mathematical abilities
      • Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence theory
        suggests everyone has some degree of each
        of nine types of intelligence


Teaching and Learning with Technology
The Learner
     Multiple Intelligences
     • Verbal-Linguistic                •   Interpersonal
     • Mathematical-                    •   Intrapersonal
       Logical                          •   Naturalistic
     • Musical                          •   Existential
     • Visual-Spatial
     • Bodily-Kinesthetic


Teaching and Learning with Technology
Teaching and Learning
     • Teaching is a systematic planned sequence
       of events
     • Teaching is a process that communication of
       ideas and skills
     • Teaching takes into account individual and
       environmental factors related to the learner
     • Skilled teachers are aware of learning
       theories and learner characteristics that
       impact the process

Teaching and Learning with Technology
Teaching and Learning
     • Technology is a component of the teaching
       and learning process
     • Educational technology includes any
       resource used to facilitate teaching and
       learning
     • This view of technology has been an
       evolution consistent with the evolution of
       learning theories

Teaching and Learning with Technology
Educational Technology

     An Historical Overview
     • The audio-visual movement began in the
       early 1900s with the advent of movies
     • Slides, radio, sound recordings were added in
       the 1920s-1930s to support the wars
     • Television drove audio-visuals in the 1950s



Teaching and Learning with Technology
Educational Technology
     An Historical Overview
     • In the 1960s A-V was expanded to a broader
       systems view
     • By the 1970s educational technology was
       redefined to include all types of learning
       resources and systems
     • With the advent of the computer in the 1980s,
       educational technology entered the Digital
       Age

Teaching and Learning with Technology
Educational Technology
     Today
     • The systems view of educational technology
       embraces all media and systems that support
       the teaching and learning process
     • Each teacher must decide how to best utilize
       technology in support of his or her students




Teaching and Learning with Technology

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2012100607103520111014181028 kulliah1 kpt6043

  • 1. Teaching and Learning with Technology Theoretical Foundations Chapter 1 Teaching and Learning with Technology
  • 2. What is Educational Technology? • Educational technology is any technology used by educators in support of the teaching and learning process • Educators study educational technology in order to have a sound foundation in the technologies needed to teach • NETS-T standards articulate what teachers and students should know about technology Teaching and Learning with Technology
  • 3. Educational Technology & Instruction • Educational technologies are the tools teachers use to create an effective instructional event • An instructional event includes all activities that promote the transfer of knowledge and/or skills in the learning environment • The learning environment includes the physical and non-physical aspects of the area in which the instructional event takes place Teaching and Learning with Technology
  • 4. About Learning • A variety of theories explain how people learn • Each theory offers a different perspective on learning • Some theories may be contradictory • Each teacher must personally decide which theory he or she agrees with Teaching and Learning with Technology
  • 5. Learning Theories Learning as Communication • Knowledge is transferred by sending a message from sender to receiver • Receiver then returns feedback to sender • Sender receives feedback • All messages are impacted by variables that may alter the pure meaning of the intended message Teaching and Learning with Technology
  • 6. Learning Theories Factors Affecting Learning Psychological Factors Personal Environmental Filters Factors Teaching and Learning with Technology
  • 7. Learning Theories Environmental Factors • Any factor in the environment that may cause a learner to lose focus • Environmental conditions can block communications • Lighting, movement, temperature may all interfere with communications Teaching and Learning with Technology
  • 8. Learning Theories Psychological Factors • Unique individual differences that define and impact reception of communicated information • Emotional state may interfere with message reception • Learning styles (preferred sensory gateways) may interfere with transmission Teaching and Learning with Technology
  • 9. Learning Theories Personal Filters • Individual’s values, heritage, and belief system that may alter intended messages • May include attitudes, cultural differences, and opinions • Filters are present in both sender and receiver Teaching and Learning with Technology
  • 10. Learning Theories Behaviorists • All behavior is a response to external stimuli • Students learn (acquire behaviors, skills and knowledge) in response to rewards and punishments • Learning is a passive response to the environment Teaching and Learning with Technology
  • 11. Learning Theories Cognitivists • Focus is on learning as a mental operation • Information enters through senses, is mentally manipulated, stored and used • Learning is explained in terms of how one thinks • Believe learning is more complex than simple behavioristic responses Teaching and Learning with Technology
  • 12. Learning Theory Constructivists • Knowledge is constructed as a result of the learning process and is unique to the person who constructs it • Learning happens when knowledge is assimilated or accommodated (Piaget) • Knowledge may be constructed best in a social context Teaching and Learning with Technology
  • 13. The Learner Cognitive Styles • The manner in which one thinks and interprets the environment • Myers-Briggs helps to determine cognitive preferences • Understanding cognitive styles helps teachers create a supportive instructional environment Teaching and Learning with Technology
  • 14. The Learner Learning Styles • Conditions under which one learns best • Relates to individual sensory dominance • Auditory learners learn best by listening • Visual learners learn best by seeing • Kinesthetic/Tactile learners learn best by doing and touching Teaching and Learning with Technology
  • 15. The Learner Intelligence • Inherent capabilities to learn and understand • Standford-Binet IQ tests emphasize verbal and mathematical abilities • Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence theory suggests everyone has some degree of each of nine types of intelligence Teaching and Learning with Technology
  • 16. The Learner Multiple Intelligences • Verbal-Linguistic • Interpersonal • Mathematical- • Intrapersonal Logical • Naturalistic • Musical • Existential • Visual-Spatial • Bodily-Kinesthetic Teaching and Learning with Technology
  • 17. Teaching and Learning • Teaching is a systematic planned sequence of events • Teaching is a process that communication of ideas and skills • Teaching takes into account individual and environmental factors related to the learner • Skilled teachers are aware of learning theories and learner characteristics that impact the process Teaching and Learning with Technology
  • 18. Teaching and Learning • Technology is a component of the teaching and learning process • Educational technology includes any resource used to facilitate teaching and learning • This view of technology has been an evolution consistent with the evolution of learning theories Teaching and Learning with Technology
  • 19. Educational Technology An Historical Overview • The audio-visual movement began in the early 1900s with the advent of movies • Slides, radio, sound recordings were added in the 1920s-1930s to support the wars • Television drove audio-visuals in the 1950s Teaching and Learning with Technology
  • 20. Educational Technology An Historical Overview • In the 1960s A-V was expanded to a broader systems view • By the 1970s educational technology was redefined to include all types of learning resources and systems • With the advent of the computer in the 1980s, educational technology entered the Digital Age Teaching and Learning with Technology
  • 21. Educational Technology Today • The systems view of educational technology embraces all media and systems that support the teaching and learning process • Each teacher must decide how to best utilize technology in support of his or her students Teaching and Learning with Technology