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Job Interview Skills

Making the most of the Interview
By – N.G.Palit
Overview






Why interviews are
conducted?
Preparing for interviews.
The interview experience.
Different types of
interviews.
Interview




Interview is a
type of meeting
with an objective.
The interviewer
wants to obtain
information from the candidate
Dozens of people are
lining up for the same position
You need to stand out from
the crowd
Why






?

Can you do the job? (skills, abilities,
and qualifications).
Will you do the job? (Attitude, interest,
and motivation).
How will you fit into the organization?
(personality).
What is an Interview?






An opportunity to ’sell’ your abilities,
interests and career objectives.
An opportunity to ask questions and
learn more about the position and
career offered by a particular company.
You must prove that you are the
most suitable candidate.
Know what they are
looking for






They are evaluating your
communication skills throughout the
interview.
Don’t focus on your history, focus on
your key skills.
Interviewers want organized, succinct
answers. Situation –Action -Result
Sell yourself through self
promotion
Self Promotion is
Crucial
For Success






If you are not comfortable claiming
your achievements, no one will know
them.
Don’t focus on responsibilities,
focus on your achievements.
Remember, your competitors will be
presenting their achievements.
Self Promotion is
Crucial





It is necessary to explain your
strengths.
Your resume got you to the interview.
But, resume alone will not get you the
Job. You have to do that.
It starts with your Mindset
Have a Positive Mindset
Half Empty

½
empty
½ full

Or
Half Full
(This is a winner’s outlook)

You have a choice
Positive Body Language
Watch the Body
Language








First impression very important.
Dress appropriately.
Allow time to relax.
Entrance, introductions & handshake.
Smile and make eye-contact.
Be aware of your own movements.
Watch body language of interviewer.
Interview Etiquette

Do’s and Don’ts
Dress Code
Men’s Interview Attire









Suit (solid color)
Long sleeve shirt (white or matching the suit)
Belt, Tie, Dark socks.
Conservative leather shoes.
Little or no jewelry
Neat and professional hair
style.
Neatly trimmed nails.
Tie Knots
Tie Length
Women’s Interview Attire










Suit (navy, black or dark grey)
The suit skirt should be long enough, so that
you can seat comfortably.
Conservative shoes.
Limited jewelry (no dangling ear ring)
Professional hair style.
Light make-up & perfume.
Neatly manicured clean nails.
First Impression








First impression counts
Be on time, or little bit early.
This allows you to relax and feel
comfortable.
Start strong by beginning on a positive note.
Send the right body language
Sit straight, maintain good eye
contact,
use positive gestures,
relax.
Developing An Interview
Strategy
Prepare For Interview






Research the company.
Know the job requirements.
Prepare your Resume.
Get your career goals in focus.
Identify your main strengths
related to the job
First decide what type of
job you want
Preparation is the Key to
Success




Review at your end:
- Check you Resume
- Prepare key selling points.
- Practice commonly asked questions
and answers
Research about organization:
Collect information from website, and
other sources
Preparations for the
Interview
Before the Interview




Practice with yourself
or with a friend.
Find the dress code
in advance and dress
accordingly.
Types of Interviews




1. One-to-one Interview:
The interviewer wants to
see the suitability of the
candidate for the job
Candidate has to show how
his/her skills will benefit the
organization.
2 .Telephonic Interviews
* These are mostly
screening interviews
to select a few for
further face-to-face
interview.
For Telephone Interviews








Prepare as thoroughly as for ’real’
interviews.
Select a comfortable and quiet place.
Have a copy of resume and company
information.
Have pen and paper ready.
Be yourself.
3. Group Interviews




These are conducted
through:
Group Discussions(G.D)
This is to used to uncover
the leadership skills,
communication skills,
and the candidate’s ability to work in a
team.
Qualities Employers
Seek








Good communication skills.
Team work ability
Capacity to work hard.
Initiative & self reliance.
Enthusiasm, commitment & motivation.
Good all-round intelligence.
A balanced personality.
Competencies required








Adaptability
Team work
Drive for Results.
Integrity
Innovation
Open Exchange of Information.
Sound Decision Making
While Answering








Listen carefully, seek clarification.
Keep answers specific & short.
Take time to respond.
Illustrate your answers with examples.
Speak clearly, smile and show
enthusiasm.
Be alert to interviewer’s body language.
Dealing with Nerves
Being nervous is normal, even
interviewers are aware of it.
 However, excessive nervousness
can work against you, especially
if you continually apologize for it.
 However, it can be minimized through
practice & mock interviews.

What creates bad
impression?








Poor personal appearance.
Lack of preparation.
Poor knowledge.
Failure to give concrete examples of
skills.
Lack of interest & enthusiasm
Negative attitude or evasive answers.
Closing the Interview







Make one last solid impression.
Let them know that you want the job!
Shake hands, thank them, be positive.
Be confident.
Ask for the interviewer’s business card.
Remember, they are still evaluating you
until you are gone.
Close Positively
Thank You
&
A firm Handshake
Summary






Know yourself and the company.
Success depends on your ability to sell
yourself – communicate your strong
points.
Interest & Enthusiasm are important.
Remember- you are not just looking
for a job, but a career. So, prepare
accordingly
After the Interview







Within 24 hours, follow up thanking
them for their time.
This is another opportunity to stand out
Balance persistence with harassment.
If you don’t get the job,don’t lose heart.
Remember: Every interview
doesn’t turn into jobs. So, Keep
going.
Expected first Question


Tell us about yourself.
What are your
strengths?
Follow up ---

When the Interview is
finished.
Ask for the
next
steps

Get
permission to
contact them
Send a hand written card
or note
Evaluate
the

interview
Evaluate your interview





Analyse:
What did I do well?
What did I miss or forget?
What will I do differently next time?
Most Importantly --



Every interview may not turn into
a job. So, don’t lose heart.
Don’t give up . Keep going
Most Importantly- -
Till you become
successful
Any Question
Thank You
N.G.Palit

-
At the End
Please feel free to send your valuable
feedback to the author at:
nandapalit@yahoo.co.in
or through face book

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Job interview skills

Editor's Notes

  1. Psychoanalytical Theory of Personality James J. Messina, Ph.D. Dr Sigmund Freud 1856-1939 Oldest of eight children Married with 3 girls and 3 boys Physician-Biologist – Scientific oriented and Pathology oriented theory Jewish-anti-religion-All religion an illusion used to cope with feelings of infantile helplessness In Vienna Austria 78 years till 1938 Based theory on personal experiences Died of cancer of jaw & mouth lifelong cigar chain-smoker What is the Unconscious That portion of the mind inaccessible to usual, conscious thought Get to unconscious through Free Association: spontaneous free flowing associations of ideas and feelings Dream Interpretation Manifest Content: what a person remembers and consciously considers-only a partial representation Latent Content: underlying hidden meaning-vast underlying Unconscious can manifest itself symbolically in a dream Structure of the Mind Id – Pleasure Seeking Ego – Reality Focused Superego – Conscience over the Ego and Id ID basic psychic energy and motivations Operates to demands of Pleasure Principle-strive to satisfy desires and reduce inner tension Sea around an Island EGO deals with real world Operates to demands of Reality Principle solves problems by planning & acting City Hall on island roots and foundation in sea - id Superego internalized social norm & moral forces pressing on and constraining individual action The “over-I” over ego Church on island roots and foundation in sea - id Freudian Slip Psychological error in speaking or writing Evidence of some unconscious urge, desire, or conflict & struggle When ego or superego are not doing their job properly elements of id slip out or are seen Libido Sexual energy which underlies the tension between selfishness and society and inner tensions that strive for relief Psychosexual Theory of Development Five Stages of Development Oral Stage Anal Stage Phallic Stage Latency Period Genital Stage Oral Stage: Birth to 2 year Satisfy drive of hunger and thirst by breast or bottle If fixated after weaned: Over Dependency Over Attachment “Intake” of interesting substances/ideas Anal Stage: 2- 4 years Id wants pleasure of reducing tension by defecating & urinating Toilet training – get superego to impose societal norms Self-control Holding back Freedom of action no control Fixated at Anal Stage Enjoy bathroom humor-making messes-even of other people’s lives Neatness, order & organization and Obstinacy & Stinginess – Anal retentive- passive aggressive Phallic Stage: 4 – 6 years Sexual energy focused on genitals Masturbation Differences between boys and girls Emerging sexual gender identity Personality fixed by end of this stage Oedipus Complex A boy’s sexual feeling for his mother and rivalries with his father Psychological defenses against these threatening thoughts and feelings Form reaction pattern used throughout life Form personality through identification with father Diminish fear of castration-vicariously obtain mother through father Castration Anxiety Unconscious fear of loss of penis and becoming like a female Fear of powerful people overcoming them Fear of revenge of the powerful people Penis Envy A girl’s feelings of inferiority and jealousy Turns affections from mother to father since blame mom for no penis Although can’t have penis can have baby Wants to find a good man like her father and produce a baby Latency Period 5-11 years of age Time between resolution of Oedipus complex and puberty Usually not possible for sexual urges to be directly expressed Sexual energies are channeled into school and friends Genital Stage Adolescence - Adulthood Normal sexual relations Marriage Child-rearing Defense Mechanisms To protect the ego against the painful and threatening impulses arising from the id we distort the reality The processes that distort the reality for the ego are called defense mechanisms Types of Defense Mechanisms Repression Reaction Formation Denial Projection Displacement Sublimation Regression Rationalization Repression Pushes threatening thoughts back into the unconscious Posttraumatic Stress Disorder- PTSD – Common with veterans and victims of sexual abuse False memories – suggested through psychotherapist intentionally or unintentionally Reaction Formation Process of pushing away threatening impulses by overemphasizing the opposite in one’s thoughts and actions Examples: Jim Bakker & Jimmy Swaggart Denial Refusing to acknowledge anxiety-provoking stimuli Mind’s means of keeping its own sensations out of conscious awareness Or That fabulous river which runs down the middle of Egypt which many of us sail on Projection Anxiety-arousing impulses are externalized by placing them, or projecting them, onto others. A person’s inner threats are attributed to those around them Newt Gingrich: public diatribe against infidelity of president while engaged in ownlong term infidelity out of public eye Displacement The shifting of the targets of one’s unconscious fears or desires Hydraulic Replacement Model Some release valve must be found for the bottled-up aggressive impulses triggered by frustration and humiliation Example: Man angry at boss kicks dog, kids Tools for Anger Workout-www.coping.org Sublimation Transforming of dangerous urges into positive, socially acceptable motivation Turns sexual energy away fro sexual ends and towards societal goals Is is possible that as society becomes more sexually liberated, art, creativity and even civilization will suffer? Regression Returning to earlier, safer stages of our lives There may be regression to the stage where there was previous fixation Rationalization A mechanism involving post hoc logical explanations for behaviors that were actually driven by internal unconscious motives Explanation for behavior not even remotely related to the true causes Contributions of Freud First personality theory Emphasis on sexuality as influence Importance of early childhood experience Concept of unconscious Scientific approach to mental health on continuum from physical health Limitations of Freud’s Work Pessimistic and deterministic approach to personality Pathology based theory Hydraulic model of psychic energy exaggerated No controlled studies-poor research Overemphasis on differences between men and women Unconcerned with interpersonal relations, individual identity and adaptation over one’s lifetime Hypermnesia “Excessive memory” situation in which a later attempt to remember something yields information that was not reportable on an earlier attempt to remember. Memory flooding Infantile Amnesia Most adults cannot remember much of what happened to them before age three or four Adults cannot remember any things be they traumatic or not Still not clear why Subliminal Perception Very weak stimuli could be perceived and processed without conscious awareness of such stimulus having occurred. Not consciously aware of stimuli that are nevertheless being processed by some parts of our brain Memory Fact: every person experiences every event from a unique, individual perspective that depends on a person’s needs, goals, assumptions and other experiences Fact: individualized memory is a complex, multifaceted, constantly changing representation -What is reported about the event varies tremendously with the circumstances under which the memory is probed Explicit vs Implicit Memory Explicit memory: can recall or recognize something Implicit memory: change how think or behave as a result of some experience that do not consciously recall Procedural Memory vsDeclarative Memory Representation of the skill itself can be present in memory even in the absence of conscious memory for the event during which the skill was acquired. Procedural: Memory for how to do the task Declarative: Memory for facts about a task or event