1. Ways To Classify Sports Injuries

11. - tears, sprains, contusions - inflammatory responses - skin abrasion, lacerations, blisters, calluses

42. potentially between 30 – 50% of sports injuries are preventable

47. Improving fitness: Involves the principle of overload, the body must work harder than it is used to, adapt to this higher level and then improve. This must be done gradually; therefore only one FITT factor should be increased at a time. F Frequency (number of session per day/week) I Intensity (how hard the exercise is performed) T Time (length of time at the intensity required) T Type (exercise must be specific to fitness component)

62. I – Ice applied to the injury Apply ice directly over the injured site and surrounding tissue for 20 – 30 minutes every 2 hours, How – in a wet towel or plastic bag, in a frozen cup of water continuously moving over the site (ice massage) or a freezer gel bag with a wet towel between the pack and the skin Why – Ice decreases swelling and pain Remember – check the athlete and move the ice around to avoid; cooling too fast, superficial tissues cooling and not deeper areas and oversensitivity to ice. Reassure that the initial cold pain will subside and do not apply ice direct to the skin to avoid ice burns. Do not apply ice to – diabetics, persons with cardiovascular or circulation problems, persons with Raynaud’s phenomenon and other diseases, special body area eg eyes.

68. When soft tissue is injured, it becomes inflamed but responds by activating a self-healing process. This is referred to as the inflammatory response and may last up to three or four days after the injury occurs, depending on the extent of the damage. The injury will progress through the following phases as part of the healing process.

73. The Three Phases of Healing

84. Diagnostic Tests

89. Radiography equipment

93. Figure 1 shows a computed tomography (CT) scan of two normal kidneys, looking from the top of the head down. Figure 2 shows a CT scan of two kidneys that are much smaller and misshapen because of chronic kidney disease.

96. Side views of the knee show the normal location of the outside, or lateral, meniscus (see fig.1) and a meniscus that has been torn and moved (see fig. 2).