3ES3 slidecast

1. N A T A L I E M I L E T I C
1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances
that Deplete the Ozone Layer

2. Creation of Earth’s
Atmosphere

3. Creation of Earth’s
Atmosphere

4. The Atmosphere
Ahrens, D.C. (2003). Meteorology today: an introduction to weather, climate, and the environment. CA,
United States of America: Thompson Learning, pp 3

6. The Ozone layer

7. Ozone Depleting Compounds
A F A M I L Y O F M A N - M A D E C O M P O U N D S T H A T
H A V E B E E N S H O W N T O D E P L E T E T H E
S T R A T O S P H E R I C O Z O N E

8. Ozone Depleting Compounds
 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
 Halon
 Carbon tetrachloride, Methyl chloroform
 Hydrobromofluorocarbons (HBFCs)
 Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)
 Methyl bromide
 Bromochloromethane (BCM)

10. History of ODCs and the Environment
 1928 Thomas Midgley invents CFCs
UNEP 2000 ‘the Ozone Story’

11. 1970s- the turning point
 1970- James Lovelock
 1974- Sherwood Rowland and Mario Molina and “the
early warning’
UNEP 2000 ‘the Ozone Story’

12. History of the Atmosphere and
Policies
UNEP 2000 ‘the Ozone Story’

13. 1975-1977
 June 1975 Oregon state legislature
 World Meteorological Organization
 1977 UNEP drafts the World plan of Action on the
Ozone Layer

14. 1978-1984
 1978: United States, Canada, Sweden and Norway
enact total bans of non essential CFC use
UNEP 2000 ‘the Ozone Story’

15. 1985- THE OZONE HOLE
 Joe Farman, Brian Gardiner and Jonathan Shanklin
of the British Antarctic Survey
UNEP 2000 ‘the Ozone Story’

16. 1985- Vienna Conference
UNEP 2000 ‘the Ozone Story’

17. 1987 Montreal Protocol on
Substances that Deplete the Ozone
Layer

18. The Montreal Protocol- Provisions
 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, carbon
tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform--are to be phased
out by 2000 (2005 for methyl chloroform)
 Freeze at 1986 levels in mid 1989 and 20% cut in 1993
 Production and consumption of CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-
113, CFC-114, CFC- 115 were to be reduced by 50% of
the 1986 levels by 1998
 Production of halon-1211, halon-1301 and halon-2402
were to be brought back to 1986 levels by 1992

19. Montreal Protocol- Developing Countries
 “Article 5 Countries”
 Given additional 10 years to comply
 Allowed to increase consumption by 0.3kg per capita
in the interim

20. Montreal Protocol-other information
UNEP 2000 ‘the Ozone Story’

21. London Amendment 1990
UNEP 2000 ‘the Ozone Story’

22. Copenhagen Amendment 1992
UNEP 2000 ‘the Ozone Story’

23. Montreal Amendment 1997
UNEP 2000 ‘the Ozone Story’

24. Beijing Amendment 1999
UNEP 2000 ‘the Ozone Story’

25. Conclusion
UNEP 2000 ‘the Ozone Story’

26. Sources
Ahrens, D.C. Meteorology today: an introduction to weather, climate, and the environment. CA,
United States of America: Thompson Learning, 2003.
Environment Canada, Ozone Science 2007: a Canadian contribution to the twentieth anniversary
of the Montreal Protocol. C.T. McElroy and D.R. Francis. 2007.
Makhijani, A., Gurney, R.A. Mending the Ozone Hole: science, Technology, and Policy.
Cambridge: the MIT Press, 1995.
UNEP, "The Ozone Story." 2000.ozone.unep.org/Events/EDs_pres_ozoneday.ppt (accessed
November 9, 2010).
UNEP, “Ozone Secretariat: Evolution of the Montreal Protocol.” 2004.
http://ozone.unep.org/Ratification_status/evolution_of_mp.shtml (accessed November 9,
2010).
US EPA, “Glossary of Climate Change terms.” 2009.
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/glossary.html#O (accessed November 21, 2010).
Volders, G.J.M., Anderson, S.O., Daniel, J.S. Fahey, D.W., McFarland, M. "The importance of the
Montreal Protocol in protecting climate." PNAS 104, no. 12 (2007): 4814-4819.