2. To find out the features and differences of
pronunciation and word use between Singlish
and Standard English.
To find out the effects which are occurred
during the conversation
To find out the solution of misunderstanding
from Singlish in conversation. Moreover, to
solve the disrupting in communication and
also understand its culture through their
language.
3. The data was collected by opened
conversations of 5 Singaporeans and 5
foreigners (3Thais, 1 Indonesian, and 1
Australian), and other interesting
conversations
The research study of “Emerging South-East
Asian Englishes and intelligibility” by DAVID
DETERDING and ANDY KIRKPATRICK
8. 1) MONOPHTHONGS
SSB 12 monophthongs
which are 5 long vowels = /i:, a:, Ɔ:, u:, :/ᴈ
7 short vowels = /I, e, æ, , , ,Ə ƱɅ /ɒ
SEP pronounce the same (neutralized)
ex. / i:/ and / I/ or / u:/ and / / or /e/ and /Ʊ æ/
EX. Fsing: Take a seat, please. You can sit
close to me if you want.
9. SSB /eI/, /aI/, /ƆI/, /Ə /, /Ʊ aƱ/, /I /, /Ə e /,Ə
/Ʊ /Ə
SEP SAME
/eI/,/Ə /Ʊ [e:] and [o:]
Ex. Msing: I learn English in a natural way [we:]
Fsing: You visit here for your holiday [hɒlIde:]
The result = does not cause much
10. In unstressed SSB syllables, short vowels are most often
pronounced as a schwa
In SEP, it lacks of reduced vowels
The use of / /Ə
SSB SEP
ex. “affect” / fekt/Ə /æfekt/
“from” /fr m/Ə /fr m/ɒ
Prepositions (to, of, for)
Conjunctions (and, or, but)
11. “staccato” or “jerky”
Ex. FSing: the communicative [k mju:nɒ IkeItiv]
officially [ fɒ Iʃ li]Ə
The result = clear enunciation
British English
baby-talk, TV commercial slogans, showing
irritation or sarcasm, rap chanting
12. 1) DENTAL FRICATIVES
It was shown that in syllable-initial
position, many Singaporean speakers use
[d] and [t] in place of /ϴ/
Ex. MSing: “think” [tiŋk] , “three” [tree]
“then” [den]
13. DETERDING
Estuary English
Ex. three [fri:] nights free nights, free life
take (bus number) three three is heard as
“dig tree tree” !!!
cannot befound!!
14. SEP, Singaporean speakers omit the final
Ex. “impact” has a consonant cluster with 2
consonants
/k/ and /t/ /pæk/
Final consonant cluster can represent some
grammatical distinctions.
- between plural and single can be neutralized.
Ex. “shops”, “customers”, “cats” loss of final “-s”
but not loss of information
15. Borrow/Lend = same
Bee See
Original Meaning: Young ladies (Missy, English)
Local Meaning: Nurses
Kiwi
Original Meaning: New Zealand wingless bird
(English)
Local Meaning: To polish
16. - various accents and pronunciations due to each
ethnics identity
- The communication seems not have many
problems.
well-educated Singaporeans = GOOD
merchants and labors = QUITE GOOD
- With lack of reduced vowels easy to
understand > natives
- Pronunciation is caused some misunderstanding;
however, contexts in conversation can help to
understand more.