2. WHAT IS
DISEASE??
Disruption in the functioning of any
tissue , organ or organ system is
defined as a disease.

3. TYPES OF DISEASES
Infectious Diseases
Non Infectious
Diseases

4. INFECTIOUS
DISEASE
Diseases which spread from diseased person
to healthy person by means of
air, food, insects, physical contact etc. These
are caused by microbes and other pathogens
like bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoan etc.

6. NON INFECTIOUS
DISEASE
Disease which do not spread from diseased
person to healthy person is called non
infectious disease. These are not caused any
pathogen or living organism. They are
mostly due too internal causes.

8. MALARIA
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by
protozoa. It is more common in Africa and Asia. It
is estimated that about 300 million people are
infected with malaria every year and more than 2
million die annually due to this disease.

10. CAUSES OF
MALARIA…
Malaria is caused by the toxins produced in
the human body the malarial parasite
Plasmodium. Presence of malarial parasite
can be checked by blood test.

13. MODE OF
TRANSMISSION
Plasmodium is transmitted by female Anopheles
mosquit0. When tis mosquito bites man to suck
blood it introduces its saliva containing the malarial
parasite into blood stream of the man.

15. SYMPTOMS
Malarial attack is preceded by
headache, nausea and muscular pain. Total
period of malarial attack is of 6-10 hours and
can be divided into 3 stages:
 Cold Stage – Characterized by chill and
shivering.
 Hot Stage – Characterized by high fever
(106’F), faster rate of breathing and heart
beat.
 Sweating Stage – It is characterized by
lowering down of temperature to normal.

17. PREVENTIO
N
• Use of insect repellants to prevent mosquito.
• Wire gauzing of doors, windows, etc. to check
the entry of mosquitoes.
• Killing of adult mosquitoes by spraying
insecticides like D.D.T. and B.H.C.
• All the mosquito breeding places should be
destroyed or covered or sprayed kerosene oil.
• Sleeping under mosquito nets.
• Taking care of coolers, flower pots and
uncovered water to prevent breeding of
mosquit0es.

19. CONTROL
A number of anti- malarial drugs are
available. The commonest anti- malarial
drug is quinine (which is extracted from
the bark of Cinchona tree.) Efforts are
being made for the development of an
anti- malarial vaccine.