Dsp thrissur ch14

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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur TENTATIVE DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT 161

Chapter – 14
TENTATIVE DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT

14.1 INTRODUCTION are the proposed second order settlements.
Once the goals and objectives of the District Spa- Kodungallur Municipal Council, Guruvayur Municipal
tial Plan are set, the ways and means to achieve them Council and Grama Panchayats of Alagappanagar,
have to be explored. Formulation of Tentative devel- Pananchery, Venkitangu, Valappad and Wadakkanchery
opment concept of the district by synthesis of the find- are proposed as third order settlements. In general
ings of the spatial analysis and sectoral analysis, in the there is one first order settlement, 5 second order
orbit of the goals and objectives, over the district plat- settlements and 7 third order settlements in the Dis-
form that will provide the required development frame trict. The first order settlement is supposed to provide
work for integrated development of the district is there- higher order facilities in Education, Health and in other
fore attempted in this chapter. sectors to the entire district population and is
conceptualised as the regional centre of the district.
This chapter discusses the Tentative develop-
The second order settlements are supposed to provide
ment concept derived for District Spatial Plan Thrissur.
second order facilities of various development sectors
We have the spatial structure of the district evolved
to the surrounding area and are hence envisaged as the
from the hierarchy of settlements, connectivity and
sub regional centers. A district level road network with
activity pattern. The environmental aspects of the dis-
roads of three hierarchies viz major roads, sub major
trict are also studied. Even though sectoral analysis of
roads and minor roads is suggested, such that it con-
some of the sectors are yet to be completed, we have
nects all the higher order settlements each other. The
results of sectoral analysis of following sectors namely
details of formation of development concept of Thrissur
Agriculture, Industries and Tourism which have physi-
district is described hereunder:
cal manifestation on land. The resource pattern of the
district evolved through spatial analysis of these sec- 14.2 DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT FORMATION
tors is also available. The development concept is de-
Analysis of various parameters pertaining to the
rived by incorporating these with the spatial structure
development of the district and findings emerged out
of the district and that of the macro region.
from them clearly show that the district has
As per the settlement analysis, it is found that underutilized or un-utilized potential in primary as well
the settlements in the District can be grouped in to four as in secondary sector. The district shows a flourishing
hierarchies. The future hierarchy of settlement of the tertiary sector without having proper backward and for-
district evolved shows that Thrissur Municipal Corpo- ward linkages with primary and secondary sectors. More
ration is the highest order settlement in the District. over the district is bestowed with natural resources,
Chalakkudy Municipal Council, Irinjalakkuda Municipal tourism potential spots, cultural richness etc. At the
Council, Kunnamkulam Municipal Council are the ex- same time there are areas/regions of environmental
isting and Chelakkara and Mattathur Grama Panchayats concern. The resource base of the district as well as

Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala

162 TENTATIVE DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT District Spatial Plan - Thrissur

the spatial structure including transportation network erates as never before. The loss of forest cover and
play a crucial role in the development of the district. In conversion to other land uses can adversely affect fresh
addition, the spatial structure of the macro region, cov- water supplies, threatening the survival of millions of
ering Thrissur and surrounding districts will also have a people and damaging the environment. So, protection
determinant role in evolving the development concept. of environment sensitive areas is important for ensur-
No doubt, the development concept for Thrissur shall ing sustainable development.
be formulated only through a synthesis of all such fac-
Environmentally sensitive areas of Thrissur Dis-
tors namely,
trict include the eastern forests, kole lands of the cen-
1. Environmentally sensitive areas tral region, the coastal areas and the inland water bod-
ies of the district. (figure 14.1).
2. Spatial structure of the district
3. Resources pattern of the district 14.2.2 Spatial Structure of Thrissur District
4. Spatial structure of the macro region Spatial structure of the district is derived mainly
from Hierarchy of settlements and nodes, the trans-
Since the sectoral analysis is incomplete, the re-
portation network and activity pattern. As per the settle-
sources pattern of the district is not fully evolved and
ment analysis, it is found that the settlements in the
only the development concept evolved here is tenta-
District can be grouped in to four hierarchies. The study
tive which may need fine tuning on completion of
of the suggested hierarchy of settlement of the district
sectoral analysis of all sectors.
shows that Thrissur Municipal Corporation is the high-
14.2.1 Environmentally Sensitive Areas est order settlement in the District. Chalakkudy Mu-
nicipal Council, Irinjalakkuda Municipal Council,
Deforestation and environmental exploitation
Kunnamkulam Municipal Council, Chelakkara and
when reaches the pinnacle of endurance, nature reit-

Fig: 14.1 Environmentally sensitive areas of the District



Fig: 14.2 Spatial structure of the District

Mattathur Grama Panchayats are the proposed second profile is derived taking in to account occupational struc-
order settlements. In general there is one first order ture and hierarchy of settlements, the land use con-
settlement, 5 second order settlements and 7 third or- centration pattern is studied based on the land use
der settlements in the District. The first order settle- analysis). The spatial structure derived is shown in fig
ment is supposed to provide higher order facilities in 14.2.
Education, Health and in other sectors to the entire dis-
trict population. The second order settlements are sup-
14.2.3 Resource Pattern of the District
posed to provide second order facilities of various de- a. Agriculture
velopment sectors to the surrounding area. The pro- Nearly 25% of the total area of the district is un-
posed road network of the district is derived based on der agricultural land use. Most of the agricultural areas
the hierarchy of settlements and nodes such that the are concentrated in the mid land and high and regions
road network should connect the higher order settle- of the district. Also the general character of settlements
ments and nodes. shows that most of them are rural in nature, indicating
that there is scope for developing the agriculture sec-
Activity pattern within the district is derived
tor as one of the economic base of the District.
based on the land use concentration pattern, functional
character and future urban profile. In other words the Four distinctive agriculture development pat-
activity pattern cover all the aspects taken for the study terns can be clearly delineated in the district viz. the
of the settlements (functional character is determined coastal and low land regions where homestead cultiva-
based on population distribution and land use, urban tion, predominantly of coconut, arecanut, nutmug, jack-



Fig.14.3 Spatial distribution of major crops
fruit etc. can be promoted; mixed cultivation area in necting Thrissur Municipal Corporation with urban ac-
the low –mid land area where paddy cultivation (kole tivity areas of the district such as Kunnamkulam-
land & pokkali area) has to be sustained and nut mug, Chavakadu-Guruvayur and Irinjalakuda-Kodungallur-
plantain, vegetable and fodder cultivation etc can be Methala. The concentration of house hold industries
promoted; intense crop cultivation area in the mid land and hand loom industries are found along the coastal
where rubber to be sustained and pineapple, pepper, areas and in Thiruvillwamala Grama Panchayat as well.
plantain, vegetable and paddy cultivation to a certain The district also has potential for clay based industries,
extent etc. can be promoted and finally resource base diamond & gold based industries, agro based indus-
area where forest resources are to be conserved. Here, tries, handloom industries, book making industries etc.
intense afforestation has to be promoted while exist-
The spatial distribution of industries in Thrissur
ing plantations and rubber and pepper cultivation are
district is shown in fig 14.4.
to be sustained. The spatial distribution of major crops
in Thrissur district is shown in fig. 14.3 c. Tourism
Thrissur district has got potential to develop the
b. Industry
tourism spots in connection with eco tourism, adven-
The analysis of industrial sector shows the con-
ture tourism, religious tourism and heritage tourism.
centration of industrial activity (large, medium, small
The tourism potential areas include Thrissur Municipal
scale) in the south-west, south-east and north-west
Corporation, Guruvayoor Municipal Council,
regions of the district spatially located along the major
Kodungalloor Municipal Council, Irinjalakuda Munici-
transportation corridors such as NH-47, NH-17, SH con-
pal Council, Grama Panchayats of Athirappaly,



Fig: 14.4 Spatial distribution of industries

Mattathoor, Puthur, Vallathol Nagar, Varandarappilly observed. Primary activity is more concentrated at the
etc. boundary between Thrissur and Palakkad districts.

14.2.4 Spatial Structure of the Macro Region 14.3 THE TENTATIVE DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT
Influence of neighbouring Districts especially The development Tentative concept for Thrissur
Ernakulam, plays significant role in the development District is derived integrating all the above factors with
of Thrissur district. The Thrissur – Kochi corridor linking the development goals and objectives set for the dis-
Thrissur to the Metro City of Kochi, the trade and com- trict. Hence the development concept embraces as-
mercial capital of the State, is functioning as a corridor pects of:
of vibrant development. The spatial structure of this
Environmental Protection & Sustainable devel-
region is shown in figure 14.5. A contiguous belt of
opment. include
coastal LSGs exhibiting prominence of tertiary activi-
ties supported by fisheries, Small Scale Industries and Optimum utilization of resources through inte-
House Hold Industries are existing in Thrissur and gration of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors
Ernakulum districts. A contiguous belt of urban activity Ensuring the local economic development and
covering Grama Panchayats of Methala, Eriyad, and generation of better opportunities
Edavilngu and the Kodungallur Muncipal Council in Certain level of self-sufficiency in production
Thrissur district and extending upto Kochi can also be (primary and secondary) sectors



Balanced development and equitable spatial 14.6. As per the tentative development concept thus
distribution of facilities derived, the district is divided in to eight development
The process of integrating these, to evolve de- zones and future hierarchy of each settlement and
velopment concept is schematically shown in Figure node are set and a future transportation network con-

Fig.14.5 Spatial structure of the macro region


Fig: 14.6 Tentative Development concept - IDDP Thrissur

necting the higher order settlements and nodes are 4. Accelerated growth zone - Industrial
planned. A development zone is delineated by group-
5. Accelerated growth zone - Institutional
ing the settlements possessing similar major economic
activity pattern as per the Spatial Analysis. In other 6. Accelerated growth zone - Marine
words, the thrust development sector of each Grama 7. Multifunctional zone I
Panchayat or Municipal Council is specified. Develop-
8. Multifunctional zone II
ment Concept of Thrissur District is depicted in Figure
14.7. The list of LSGs in each development zone is given 14.4.1 Environmental Concern Zone
in Annexe 16.
In order to preserve the environmentally sensi-
14.4 DEVELOPMENT ZONES tive areas of the district so as to ensure sustainable
development, areas where environmentally sensitive
The eight development zones evolved for
land uses are concentrated are delineated as Environ-
Thrissur district are as follows
mental Concern Zone. This zone includes the natural
1. Environmental Concern Zone. forests, environmentally sensitive ‘kole’ lands, the
2. Intensive Agricultural Zone coastal zone and inland water bodies of the district. In
Thrissur district the environmental sensitive areas are
3. Economic Development Corridor (EDC)



more concentrated in the eastern region where forest rice granaries located in the central Kerala. These areas
is more concentrated. Peechi-Vazhani Sanctuary (situ- are valuable assets of the district. So the protection of
ated in Wadakkanchery, Pazhayannur, Pananchery and these areas is important. Activities that affect the wa-
Puthur Grama Panchayats) and Chimmony Wildlife ter resources and natural drainage basin of these areas
Sanctuary (situated in Mattathur and Varantharapilly are not permitted in this zone.
Grama Panchayats) are situated here. Within this zone,
The coastal zone of the district and inland water
in the areas where natural forest land use is concen-
bodies of the district are also included in this zone and
trated, no activity that causes deforestation of any kind
their conservation deserve due attention.
shall be permitted. Afforestation, plantation, cultiva-
tion of crops like Rubber, Pineapple and Pepper are 14.4.2 Intensive Agricultural Zone
found most suitable in the non forest areas of this zone. The intensive agricultural area as per the spatial
Forest related activities including eco tourism; Aromatic analysis of settlement studies and the area of concen-
& Medicinal plant cultivation, small scale HH industry tration of agricultural activity as per the spatial analysis
based on natural resources of the region, outlets for of the Agricultural sector are included in Intensive agri-
forest related products. watershed related activity & cultural zone of the district where intensive agricul-
soil conservation etc may also be promoted. Agricul- tural activity can be promoted. The list of Grama
ture and Allied activity non detrimental to forests can Panchayats which fall in Agro Development Zone is
be promoted as supporting activity in this zone while given in Annexe 16. This zone is suitable for the inten-
deforestation, wet land reclamation, industrialization, sive cultivation of crops like Paddy, Coconut, Arecanut,
urbanisation etc will be restricted here. Nutmeg, Plantain, Banana etc. and also for agro based
Other environmentally sensitive areas of the dis- industries like food processing units, coir industry etc.
trict include ‘kole’ lands in mid land region which are In this zone providing agricultural infrastructure like

Fig 14.7 Tentative Development concept

wholesale markets, seed centers, warehousing facili- south, along either sides of Irinjalakuda – Thrissur –
ties etc for supporting the agriculture activities shall be Shornur corridor where the activity pattern is ‘second-
given priority. This zone is also suitable for promoting ary’ is delineated as Accelerated growth zone -Indus-
animal husbandry related activities. trial. In this Zone special types of developmental ac-
tivities, in line with the existing activities, which are
Thus Agriculture, small scale industries to pro-
found very much suitable for those particular places,
mote value addition of produces of agriculture and ani-
are intended. This zone should enhance the small scale
mal husbandry may be promoted as major activity in
and house hold industrial activities which support value
this zone. Animal husbandry, SSI & HH industries may
addition of agriculture, fisheries and marine products.
be promoted as supporting activity in this zone where
This zone can also accommodate supporting industries
as conversion of agriculture land and urbanisation will
which enhance the industrial activity in the Economic
be restricted.
Development Corridor.
14.4.3 Economic Development Corridor (EDC).
14.4.5 Accelerated growth zone - Institutional
The areas where tertiary activities and second-
The region along SH-69, (the transportation cor-
ary activities (especially industrial activity to trigger eco-
ridor that connects Thrissur Municipal Corporation and
nomic development) are more concentrated or can be
Kunnamkulam Municipal Council) is zoned as Acceler-
concentrated due to locational advantages are zoned
ated growth zone –Institutional. Activities of the Grama
as the Economic Development Corridor (EDC). Two de-
Panchayats in the region will definitely have influence
velopment corridors, namely the Thrissur - Ernakulam
of the urban centers of Thrissur Municipal Corporation
(NH-47) corridor and Thrissur – Irinjalakuda -
and Kunnamkulam Municipal Council. Social infrastruc-
Kodungalloor – Paravoor - Ernakulam (SH-22 & NH-17)
ture facilities including hospitals, health institutions
corridor are gaining importance in this regard. This zone
and educational facilities are already in existence in
is also influenced by Ernakulam, the commercial and
the region and there is scope for future institutional
industrial hub of the state. Industrial activities, espe-
developments here. The zone is located near to the
cially large scale production industries, are being at-
Intensive Agricultural zone, so agro based industries
tracted to this region. This Zone has profound implica-
can be promoted, to a certain extent in this zone.
tion in terms of good transportation linkages with sea
port, airport, nearest urban centre etc. This zone has 14.4.6 Accelerated growth zone - Marine
got wide influence region in terms of employment gen-
The zone where fisheries and tertiary activities
erated, raw resources utilised and products marketed.
are more concentrated are designated as Accelerated
This zone has to play a key role to trigger the economic
growth zone - Marine. This zone is located in the coastal
growth and generating employment opportunities. This
region of Thrissur district. The LSGs along NH-17 are in-
zone is suitable for large/ medium scale industries, in-
cluded in this zone. From the activity analysis, it is found
dustrial parks, Special Economic Zones (SEZ’s), IT & Info
that nature of most of the LSGs fall under the category
Parks, Quality Education and Health care institutions
of urban or secondary activities. Hence this zone can be
etc. Care shall be taken to restrict polluting industries.
promoted for service sector activities and industrial
Agriculture and allied activity and agro based indus-
sector which enhance the fisheries and allied activi-
tries may be allowed as supporting activities.
ties. We can promote Fish markets, fish preservation
14.4.4 Accelerated growth zone - Industrial and production units, export and import of marine prod-
ucts, ice plants, Aquaculture Farms, Ornamental fish
The mid land areas of the district, extending north



trading units, fish seed farms Fish Farmers clubs, value industries etc are existing. This zone has intense po-
added marine product outlet units, development of fish tential in infrastructure facilities like super specialty
harbour & Boat building Yards, production and mainte- hospitals, five star hotels, Health institutions, IT parks,
nance units of Machineries. This zone is also influenced educational facilities etc. This zone is surrounded by
by Ernakulam, the commercial and industrial hub of the intensive agriculture zone. So agro and allied indus-
state. The zone has immense potential with HH industries like processing units, value addition units etc in
trial activities in connection with allied activities and this connection also has potential.
also tourism potential.
Thus, Thrissur Municipal Corporation, the pro-
14.4.7 Multifunctional zone I posed regional centre of Thrissur District, will develop
as a regional centre in the state next only to Cochin.
This zone includes the jurisdictional area of
The development of the zone should be in such a way
Thrissur Municipal Corporation. In this zone all urban
that it should minimize the degradation of nature and
activities including higher order educational and health
other pollution related activities.
care facilities and a transportation network copping up
with the requirements etc are to be made available. 14.4.8 Multifunctional zone II
This zone will act as a service centre for the entire dis-
This zone is the multifunctional zone of second
trict. Suitable projects and programmes are to be imple-
order activities which also serve various sectors effec-
mented to exploit the urban potential of this zone.
tively. In this zone, all types of 2nd order urban activi-
Thrissur Municipal Corporation which is the only ties, 2nd order educational and health care facilities
first order settlement is the heart of the district due to and enabling transportation facilities etc. are to be pro-
its multifunctional character (seat of specialized and vided. This zone will act as a service centre for the hinter
regional level facilities, status as administrative head lands and this zone is very much suitable for industries
quarters, trade and commercial centre of the district utilizing agricultural produces of hinter land. The
and Art & Cultural Centre) and also its spatial location Guruvayur – Chavakkad - Kunnamkulam region as well
within the district. Thrissur Municipal Corporation is as Kodungallur -Irnjalakkuda -Eriyad Methala region
located almost in the geographic centre of the District come under this zone. All the LSGs in this zone are lo-
and reflects the character of activities of the whole dis- cated along major coastal transportation corridors of
trict. Also Thrissur Municipal Corporation has good in- NH-17/SH 69/ SH 22.
ter district and intra district connectivity both by road
and railway. This zone plays a crucial role both in ser-
14.5 HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS
vice sector and other sectors and also plays a crucial The proposed hierarchy of settlements required
role in creating good link between all sectors in an effi- for a balanced distribution of facilities to all the Local
cient way. Governments in the district consists of Regional Cen-
tre, Sub regional centers and Service centers. The pro-
Thrissur Municipal Corporation has rich in tour-
posed hierarchy of settlements is shown in Figure 14.8.
ism, heritage, cultural, religious and archaeological
wealth and acts as cultural centre of District as well as 14.6 TRANSPORTATION NETWORK
the state. Thrissur Municipal Corporation has also good
Conceptual road network is prepared based on
role in industrial sector also. Gold and diamond indus-
the existing and proposed hierarchy of settlements.
try, textile industry, real estate, banking, brick and tile
The entire district depends upon the monocentric
industry, furniture making, automobile industry and HH
single first order settlement ie, Thrissur Municipal Cor-



Fig 14.8 The proposed hierarchy of settlements

Fig 14.9 The proposed Road network



poration for higher order facilities. Considering the ser- nut oil extraction, food processing units etc. Also we
vice area of the first order settlement, Thrissur Munici- have rich potential in information technology and
pal Corporation shows the clear primacy. As far as the knowledge based industry, textiles & garments, plastic
linkage between the first order settlement and second & gem and jewelry etc.
order settlement is concerned, there is already exist a
The function of the LSGs is determined by com-
radial pattern of roads which support the planning con-
bining the effect of activity pattern which is already
cept of road network for a settlement which is cen-
explained in chapter 10 and the zones which are de-
trally located. In corporating the spatial distribution of
rived from the development concept and real to ground
settlement in the District, the proposed districtl road
scenario. The activity pattern of the district shows that
network can be suggested and it is shown in fig 14.9.
there exist five major zones which are urban activity,
14.7 FUNCTION OF SETTLEMENT agricultural activity non detrimental to forests, primary
activity, secondary activity and agricultural & allied ac-
Thrissur district has rich potential in primary, sec-
tivity. Based on the development concept, Thrissur dis-
ondary and tertiary activities. Nearly 25% of the land
trict is divided into eight zones which are already de-
use in the district is agricultural, indicating that there is
scribed above. The various activities in each zone are
a scope for developing the agriculture sector as one of
also well explained. By considering both the activities
the economic base of the district. Thrissur district is
of development zones & the activity pattern of district,
also blessed with Kole lands which are rice granaries.
it is seen that there is not much difference in the func-
The major crops in the district are paddy, tapioca, rub-
tion of a LSGs.
ber, ginger, cashew, tea, coconut, arecanut etc. Major
industrial sectors are handloom, khadi handloom, pot- There are seven major classifications are done
tery tiles, wood based units, rubber based units, coco- for determining the function of a LSGs. There are as

Fig 14.10 Funtion of settlement

follows erate the declining trend of the growth rate of popula-
tion through the maximum optimal utilization of re-
1. Tertiary activity which is similar to urban activity
sources available in the district and developing the pro-
area
duction sector along with other sectors such as animal
2. Primary activity
husbandry, industrial and tourism etc as one of major
3. Primary activity – Agricultural
the economic bases of the district. At the same time
4. Primary activity – Plantation
this will not interfere with the protection of natural
5. Agricultural activity non detrimental to forests
resources and environmental sensitive areas. Mani-
6. Agricultural activity + Animal Husbandry activity
festly, optimum utilization of the resources in the Dis-
which is similar to agricultural & allied activity
trict will have reflection in the future occupational struc-
7. Agricultural activity + Animal Husbandry activity
ture and future population of the District.
+ Small scale industrial activity which is similar to
secondary activity area. From the development concept, Thrissur district
The major functions of each LSGs in the district is is divided into eight development zones. They are as
shown in figure 14.10. follows

14.8 PROJECTION OF POPULATION 1. Environmental Concern Zone.
2. Intensive Agricultural Zone
Population growth of an area depends on num-
bers of births, death, in migrants and out migrants over 3. Economic Development Corridor (EDC)
a time period taken for the population projection. If 4. Accelerated growth zone - Industrial
one can predict the exact future values of all these fac- 5. Accelerated growth zone - Institutional
tors, population projection of that area can be done 6. Accelerated growth zone - Marine
very accurately.
7. Multifunctional zone I
Thrissur district shows an increasing trend in the 8. Multifunctional zone II
population figures during the period 1981-2001. But at
Each development zone has its own develop-
the same time the growth rate of population is decreas-
ment potential and this has to be taken into account in
ing during 1981-2001. The spatial development plan of
ascertaining the future occupational structure, popula-
Thrissur district envisage the planned sustainable de-
tion and its distribution within the district. Another fac-
velopment of Thrissur district with optimum utilization
tor to be considered in the projection of occupational
of resources, planned diversification of economic ac-
structure and population distribution is the projected
tivities to trigger the local economic growth, genera-
urban scenario of the District. The urban population
tion of better opportunities, balanced development,
content of Thrissur District will increase to 29.8% by
equitable spatial distribution of facilities and thus to
2021 from the value of 18.13% in 2001. It is projected
improve the quality of life. The development goal also
that 11 rural LSGs, will attain urban status by the end of
envisage to develop the district as an eco-friendly and
the plan period. The population in the district is to be
economically vibrant region in the state. Obliviously
so redistributed (to the possible extent) that it has more
the programs and projects developed and imple-
concentration in multifunctional zones, accelerated
mented based on this planning concept will attract more
growth zone and economic development corridor, less
population to the district in terms of creation of new
concentration in intensive agricultural zone and lest in
and better paid employment opportunities, access to
environmental concern zone.
facilities and so forth. Hence the main intention of the
spatial development plan of Thrissur district is regen- The nature of the each development zone and


how they make impressions on the occupational struc- zone. Hence a population growth rate slightly higher
ture and population growth rate is discussed hereun- than the natural growth rate can be envisaged in this
der. zone.
Environmental concern zone includes the natu- Economic development corridor has profound
ral forests, environmentally sensitive ‘kole’ lands, the implication in terms of good transportation linkages
coastal zone and inland water bodies of the district. In with sea port, airport, nearest urban centre etc. This
Thrissur district the environmental sensitive areas are zone has got wide influence region in terms of employ-
more concentrated in the eastern region where forest ment generated, raw resources utilized and products
is more concentrated. Any activity that causes defores- marketed. For that reasons we can expect floating
tation shall not be permitted in this area. Agriculture population for a period of time. Also it is located near
and allied activity non detrimental to forests can be the intensive agricultural zone and accelerated growth
promoted as supporting activity in this zone while de- zone and also it is well connected to multifunction
forestation, wet land reclamation, industrialization, zones. More over this zone is mainly to provide infra-
urbanisation etc will be restricted here. Hence an en- structure and other facilities so as to generate devel-
hanced growth in population and work force is not ex- opment impulses to the scale and as such is not sup-
pected in this zone. Only natural growth in population posed to create high density residential population. It
and slight increase in agricultural work force can be is perceived that the major chunk of floating popula-
expected. tion in this zone may likely to settle in the hinterland as
well as nearby urban centers within and outside the
Intensive agricultural zone is suitable for the in-
district. So we can expect a slight enhancement in the
tensive cultivation of crops like Paddy, Coconut,
population. Also an increase in service sector workers
Arecanut, Nutmeg, Plantain, Banana etc. and also for
and industrial workers.
agro based industries like food processing units, coir
industry etc. In this zone providing agricultural infra- Accelerated growth zone (Industrial) should en-
structure like wholesale markets, seed centers, ware- hance the small scale and house hold industrial activi-
housing facilities etc for supporting the agriculture ac- ties which support value addition of agriculture, fish-
tivities shall be given priority. This zone is also suitable eries and marine products. This zone can also accom-
for promoting animal husbandry related activities, modate supporting industries which enhance the in-
servise sector activities which support primary sector dustrial activity in the Economic Development Corri-
key activities envisaged in this zone and industrial ac- dor. Secondary workers are more concentrated in that
tivities (mainly small scale) which enhance the value area, so we can expect high enhanced growth rate of
addition of the production from this zone. This will bring population.
more cultivators and agricultural laborers into this zone.
Accelerated growth zone (Institutional) should
Consequently there will be increase in growth rate of
enhance the social infrastructure facilities including
population in this zone along with increase in agricul-
hospitals, health institutions and educational facilities.
tural workers. The increase in the workforce will mainly
The zone is located near to the Intensive Agricultural
be in primary sector- i.e. agriculture sector. However
zone, so agro based industries can be promoted, to a
the growth of the population in this zone is limited to
certain extent in this zone. Here also we can expect a
the extent that the attraction of further population to
slight enhanced growth. Also service sectoral workers
this zone is enhanced only after satisfying the demands
are more concentrated in that area.
of the present population and its natural growth in this
Accelerated growth zone (Marine) zone is located

in the coastal region of Thrissur district. This zone pro- cupational structure in each development zone is sum-
motes service sector activities and industrial sector marized in table 14.1.
which enhance the fisheries and allied activities. The
14.8.1 Projection of decadal population growth
zone has immense potential with House Hold Indus-
rate
trial activities in connection with fisheries, marine al-
lied activities and also tourism potential. So we can Decadal growth rate of population of Thrissur dis-
expect high enhanced growth in this zone. The main trict is 8.66% as per 2001 census which is less than the
work participation rate contributed from House Hold average growth rate of 9.42% of the State. Trend based
and Service sectors. population projection is explained in chapter 3 by two
methods namely decreasing rate method and appor-
The multifunction zones where urban activities
tionment method. The projected total population in
including higher order educational, health care facili-
2011 and 2021 is taken as average of these two values
ties and transportation network copping up with the
obtained in the above two methods.
requirements are available. This zone will act as a ser-

Table 14.1: Zone wise impact on population growth rate and occupation structure

No Zone Impact on population growth Impact on occupational structure

1 Environmental concern zone Only natural growth Slight increase in cultivators &
agricultural labourers

2 Intensive agricultural zone Enhanced growth Increase in cultivators & agricultural
labourers

3 Economic Development Corridor moderate Enhanced growth Increase in industrial & service sector
(EDC) workers

4 Accelerated growth zone - Industrial High enhanced growth Increase in secondary workers &
industrial workers

5 Accelerated growth zone - Slight Enhanced growth Increase in industrial & service sector
Institutional
workers

6 Accelerated growth zone - Marine High enhanced growth Increase in HH & service sector workers

7 Multifunctional zone I High enhanced growth Increase in tertiary workers

8 Multifunctional zone II High enhanced growth Increase in tertiary workers

vice centre for the entire district. For that reason we The population growth rate of 2011 and 2021 is
can expect a high enhanced growth in this region and given in the table 14.2. From the table, it is clear that the
the tertiary workers are more concentrated in that area. growth rate is 6.03% during 2001- 2011 and 4.21% during
2011- 2021. The average figure of 5% can be assumed as
The effect of growth rate of population and oc-
the lower limit of the accelerated population growth



rate during the plan period, assuming that the induced Kodungallur – Paravur – Ernakulam (SH-22 & NH -17)
development will push up the population growth rate corridors. The areas of some localbodies are not com-
above the trend based projected value. pletely included in this zone. But the effect of influ-
ence due to this zone is fully covered by that LSGs. For
The temporal variation of the population growth
getting more clarified picture about the influence of
rate of the district as well as that of state shows a de-
the development due to this zone, we take the entire
clining trend. So the future accelerated population
area and population of these LSGs in this zone. The same
growth rate of the district should be less than the cur-
is also done in the case of accelerated growth zones.

Table 14.2: Population growth rate – Projected (Trend Based)

Year Total population Population Growth rate

1971 2,128,877

1981 2,439,633 14.6

1991 2,737,311 12.2

2001 2,974,232 8.66

2011 3,153,564 6.03

2021 3,286,439 4.21

rent population growth rate of 8.66%. It can be assumed The percentage of area of Economic Development Cor-
that the accelerated future population growth rate of ridor (EDC) is only 13.05% and it shows 15.67% popula-
Thrissur will be between 5% and 8.66%. The actual value tion where we expect slight enhanced growth. In the
of population growth rate depends on the extent of similar manner we can expect slight enhanced growth
area and the population comes under various zones. in Accelerated growth zone – Institutional where the
The zone wise population and area (2001) is shown in area (5.48%) of zone is very less and the population
Table 14.3. (7.64%) corresponding to area is high. In Multifunction
zones where we expect high enhanced growth, nearly
From the table, the agriculture zone shows both
20% population is distributed in only 7% area of the
the maximum percentage of population (28.56%) and
district which clearly indicates the multifunctional de-
area (44.71%) where we are expecting a slight enhanced
velopment potential of that zone in various sectors.
growth above the natural growth rate. In the economic
As a whole 96% population is distributed in 85% of area
development corridor we consider the Thrissur –
of the district where we expect enhanced growth.
Ernakulam (NH-47) and Thrissur – Irinjalkkuda –


Table 14.3: Zone wise population and area (2001)

No Zone Impact on population Total Population % of Population Total Area % of Area w.r.t
growth 2001 w.r.t district District

1 Environmental concern zone Only natural growth 105188 3.54
430.28 14.16
2 Intensive agriculturalzone Enhanced growth 849296 28.56
1358.78 44.71
3 Economic Development Corridor Moderate Enhanced 465897 15.67
(EDC) growth 396.64 13.05
4 Accelerated growth zone - High enhanced growth 296892

Industrial 9.98 230.05 7.57
5 Accelerated growth zone - Slight Enhanced growth 227085
Institutional
7.64 166.44 5.48
6 Accelerated growth zone - Marine High enhanced 473733

growth
15.93 244.34 8.04
7 Multifunctional zone I High enhanced growth 317526
10.68 101.42 3.34
8 Multifunctional zone II High enhanced growth 238407

8.02 111.02 3.65

It is clear that most of the population is distrib- is to be known. This is calculated hereunder.
uted in the zones where enhanced growth is anticipated
The average annual birth rate and death rate in
as per the development concept. Thus the population
2001 in Thrissur District are 18.51 and 7.34 respectively
growth rate for these zones will be near to the upper
for 1000 population. [Source of Data: Vital Statistics
limit of the deduced population growth rate range of 5
Bulletin 2001, Directorate of Economics and Statistics,
- 8.66. The actual value of population growth rate, in
Thiruvananthapuram]. This implies that the natural
between 5% and 8.66%, depends mainly on the migra-
growth rate for the period 1991-2001 will be 18.51 –
tion pattern of population due to the development sce-
7.34 = 11.17 %.
nario visualized in the development concept assuming
birth rate and death follows the same pattern of the Projected population of 2001, taking into account
yester years. the natural growth component alone is (Population in
1991 as per census is 2737311)
Population 2021= Population 2001+ {Birth – Death
+ In migration – Out migration} during two decades. Population of 2001 =2737311+ 0.1117 x
i.e., Population 2021= Population 2001+ (Population 2737311=3043069
2001 x future birth rate) - (Population in 2001 x future But as per 2001 census, Population of District in
Death Rate) + (Future in migrants) - (Future out mi- 2001 is 2974232 which take into account the total num-
grants) ber of births, deaths, in migration and out migration
In order to ascertain the migration trend in fu- taken place in the district during 1991-2001 periods. The
ture, the existing scenario of migration (from 1991-2001) difference between the two population figures ac-



counts for the net migration which has taken place dur- 14.8.2. DISTRIBUTION OF PROJECTED POPULATION
ing this period. AMONG THE DEVELOPMENT ZONES.

The difference is negative (i.e. 2974232-3043069= The projected population is distributed in vari-
-68837), indicating that there is out migration during ous zones by considering the following factors.
the period 1991-2001. Percentage wise, it is 2.5% of the 1. Existing population growth rate
total population of 1991.
2. The trend based projected population growth
As per the Development Concept, 90% of the rate
population of the district lives in the zones of enhanced
3. The type of development in each zone as per
growth rate. Hence, a reversal in the above trend is
development concept
expected. Instead of the net migration being out mi-
gration at present, in migration is expected. There is all Considering the growth rate scenario of the dis-
the probability that the net migration will become zero trict, it shows a declining trend during 1981- 2001. The
by the end of the plan period. This means that, during population growth rate is more concentrated in the mid
the plan period, there will be in migration of 68837 per- – up land and coastal region in 1991 and in 2001 the
sons. It is 2.3% of the total population of district in 2001. growth rate is more concentrated in mid land region
only. The decadal growth rate of various zones is shown
The trend based growth rate of population in
in table 14.5. From the table it is clear that the growth

Table 14.4: Projected growth rate (Induced) – 2021 of the district
Year 1991 2001 2011 2021

G.R 12.2 8.66 7.5 6.51

2011- 2021 decade will be 4.21% shown in table14.2. rate of Multifunction zone I is 8.38% in 2001 and it shows
The assumption is that the existing trend in birth rate, decreasing trend in future. But the percentage of de-
death rate and migration will continue. But the Devel- crease is not too large. But considering the Multifunc-
opment Plan visualizes a change in pattern of migration zone II, the growth rate is decreased to 1.55% from
tion as discussed above. By taking this into account the 5.87% where we have to enhance the population growth
future population growth is calculated as follows. rate to some extent as per development concept. This
may be due to the fact that the percentage of decrease
Adding the net percentage of migrants to the
in growth rate is high in the previous decades. But some
trend based decadal growth rate of population in 2021,
of the LSGs cover the Multifunction zone II is raised to
expected population growth rate (accelerated growth)
urban criteria in future, so it will help to increase the
in 2021 comes to be 6.51% (4.21+2.3). (ie within the
growth rate in that region. Thus we can expect a high
range of 5 - 8.66 and towards the upper side of the
enhanced growth rate in that region. As a whole, the
range). The population growth rate during 2001-2011 is
LSGs cover the multifunction zones show a positive
interpolated as 7.5%. The projected population growth
trend in the growth rate which implies the future de-
rates (induced) are shown in Table 14.4 and Figure 14.11.
velopment in that zone.
As per the development concept, various activi-



Fig 14.11 Projected growth rate (Induced) of the district

Table 14.5: zone wise growth rate –Trend based
No Zone Impact on Decadal G.R 1991- Trend based decadal G.R
population growth 2001 2021

1 Environmental concern Only natural growth
zone 9.02 4.05
2 Intensive agricultural zone Enhanced growth
9.73 4.98
3 Economic Development Moderate
Corridor (EDC) Enhanced growth
8.60 4.07
4 Accelerated growth zone - High enhanced
Industrial growth 10.58 4.83
5 Accelerated growth zone - Slight Enhanced
Institutional
growth 12.39 7.59
6 Accelerated growth zone - High enhanced
Marine growth 5.52 0.72
7 Multifunctional zone I High enhanced
growth 8.38 5.65
8 Multifunctional zone II High enhanced
growth 5.87 1.55



ties which contributing the development is limited to slight decreasing trend. The high value of growth rate
some extent in Environmental concern zone due to prior of population in 2001 clearly indicates the development
importance given to the protection of natural resources of that area through service activities. The same pat-
and environment sensitive area. So we can expect only tern is also seen in the case of accelerated growth zone
natural growth of population in the zone. The growth – Industrial and Economic Development Corridor (EDC).
rate of environmental concern zone in 2001 is 9.02% The growth rates of accelerated growth zone – Indus-
which is comes to the fourth place when considering trial and Economic Development Corridor (EDC) are
the growth rate in various zones. The high value of 10.58% and 8.60% respectively in 2001. And it is reduced
growth rate is due to the positive growth rate shown by to 4.83% and 4.07 respectively in 2021. As per develop-
the some Grama Panchayat which cover the zone where ment concept also, we expect enhancement in the
plantation related primary activity are predominant. growth rate of these zones to utilize the potential of
Considering the trend, it is reduced to 4.05% in 2021. urban activities.
The growth rate of intensive agricultural zone is We have to calculate the induced growth rate of
9.73 in 1991-2001. But considering the trend of the popu- 2021 by considering the impact on population growth
lation growth rate of LSGs included in that zone, it show rate derived based on development concept, growth
high decreasing trend. Based on that the projected rate of 1991-2001 periods and trend based decadal
population growth rates become 4.98% in 2021. In view growth rate 2021. Considering the environmental con-
of envisaged intensive agricultural activity and allied cern zone, where the trend based growth rate in 2021 is
activities in this zone, we have to enhance the growth 4.05%. As per the development concept, various activi-
rate of that zone to some extent for the future devel- ties which contributing the development is limited to
opment through agriculture sector. However a high some extent in Environmental concern zone due to prior
growth rate of population is not expected in this zone. importance given to the protection of natural resources
and environment sensitive area. Hence the trend based
In similar manner the growth rate of accelerated
growth rate of 4.05% in 2021 will remain in that zone.
growth zone – Marine (5.52%) is also show the high
We are not providing any enhancement of population
decreasing trend. This is due to the fact that the popu-
in that area.
lation growth rate of coastal region during the period
1981-1991 comes in the range 15-20% which shows the In the case of intensive agricultural zone, the
strength of the economic base once existed in there growth rate in 2001 is 9.73% and in 2021 it is reduced to
and when comes in 1991-2001, growth rate of popula- 4.98%. But as per development concept, we provide
tion in coastal region is decreased in the range 5 – 10%. enhanced growth in that zone. The induced growth rate
But as per development concept, this zone is promoted of intensive agricultural zone in 2021 will be less than
for service sector and industrial sector activities which 9.73% and more than 4.98%. It is assumed that an aver-
enhance the fisheries and allied activities and utilizing age growth rate of 6% which is slightly less than aver-
the potential of coastal line. Also we can promote eco age of the above two values (9.73% and 4.98%) will at-
friendly tourism. Hence we have to enhance the popu- tain within two decades.
lation growth rate in the zone to achieve the develop-
In the case of economic development corridor
ment through a strong economic base.
(EDC), the growth rate in 2001 is 8.6% and in 2021 it is
The growth rates of accelerated growth zone – reduced to 4.07%. But as per development concept, we
Institutional show high growth rate (12.39%) in 2001.The provide moderate enhanced growth in that zone. The
trend based growth rate in 2021 is 7.59% and it show induced growth rate of EDC in 2021 will be less than


8.6% and more than 4.07%. It is assumed that an aver- reduced to 7.59%. But as per development concept, we
age growth rate of 7% which is slightly more than aver- provide slight enhanced growth in this zone. Consider-
age of the above two values (8.6% and 4.07%) will at- ing the fact of enhancement in growth rate, the induced
tain within two decades. growth rate of Accelerated growth zone - Institutional
in 2021 will be less than 12.39% and more than 7.59%. It
In the case of Accelerated growth zone - Indus-
is assumed that an average growth rate of 9.3% which is
trial, the growth rate in 2001 is 10.58% and in 2021 it is
slightly less than average of the above two values
reduced to 4.83%. But as per development concept, we
(9.73% and 4.98%) will attain within two decades.
provide high enhanced growth in this zone. The induced
growth rate of Accelerated growth zone - Industrial in In the case of Accelerated growth zone – Marine
2021 will in the range 4.83-10.58. Due to the high en- and Multifunctional zones, we are expecting high en-
hanced growth, it is assumed an average growth rate of hanced growth rate in 2021. Due to the high enhanced
10.58% which is the upper limit of the range will attain growth, it is assumed an average growth rate of 5.52%,
within two decades. 8.38% and 5.87% which is the upper limit of the range in
each zone will attain within two decades in Acceler-
In the case of Accelerated growth zone - Institu-
ated growth zone – Marine, Multifunction zone I and
tional, the growth rate in 2001 is 12.39% and in 2021 it is
Multifunction zone II respectively.
Table 14.6: Zone wise induced growth rate

No Zone Impact on population Decadal G.R Trend based decadal Range of Induced Average Induced
growth 1991-2001 growth rate 2021 growth rate – growth rate 2021–
Projected Projected

1 Environmentalconcern zone Only natural growth 4.05

9.02 4.05 4.05
2 Intensive agricultural zone Enhanced growth 6

9.73 4.98 9.73 – 4.98
3 Economic Development Moderate Enhanced 7

Corridor (EDC) growth
8.60 4.07 8.6 – 4.07
4 Accelerated growth zone - High enhanced growth 10.58

Industrial
10.58 4.83 10.58 – 4.83
5 Accelerated growth zone - Slight Enhanced growth 9.3
Institutional

12.39 7.59 12.39 – 7.59
6 Accelerated growth zone - High enhanced 5.52

Marine growth
5.52 0.72 5.52 – 0.72
7 Multifunctional zone I High enhanced growth 8.38

8.38 5.65 8.38
8 Multifunctionalzone II High enhanced growth 5.87

5.87 1.55 5.87



The trend based population growth rate and av- period 2001-11 & 2011-2021. And it is given in table 14.7.
erage induced population growth rate is calculated zone
Zone wise population based on the projected in-
wise and it is given in Table 14.6.
duced growth rate is shown in Table 14.8.
The table 14.6 gives the average growth rate of
The change in scenario of the population distri-
each zone which will attain within two decades. And it
bution within district due to projected population is
is well explained that the induced growth rate of dis-
depicted by the change in zone wise percentage of
trict in 2011 and 2021 is 7.5% and 6.51% respectively. By
population. It is shown in Table 14.9. From the table it is
incorporating the above facts, the average growth rate
clear that the percentage of population does not show
of each zone can be extrapolated to growth rate for the

Table 14.7: Zone wise population in 2021

No Zone Impact on population Average Induced Induced growth Induced growth
growth growth rate 2021– rate 2001-2011 rate 2011-2021
Projected
1 Environmentalconcern zone Only natural growth 4.05
5.50 4.05
2 Intensive agriculturalzone Enhanced growth 6
6.50 5.50
3 Economic Development Moderate Enhanced 7

Corridor(EDC) growth
7.50 6.50
4 Accelerated growth zone - High enhanced growth 10.58

Industrial
11.08 10.08
5 Accelerated growth zone - Slight Enhanced 9.3
Institutional
growth
9.80 8.80
6 Accelerated growth zone - High enhanced 5.52

Marine growth
6.02 5.02
7 Multifunctional zone I High enhanced growth 8.38

8.88 7.88
8 Multifunctional zone II High enhanced growth 5.87

6.37 5.37


much variation in the zones. It is slightly increasing in zones. And it is decreasing in environmental concern
Multifunction zones, and some accelerated growth zones and intensive agricultural zone.

Table 14.8: Zone wise population based on projected induced growth rate

Table 14.9: Percentage of population in 2001& 2021



Consider the percentage of increase in popula- increase is more than 15% in Accelerated growth zone
tion density for getting clearer picture about the pro- – Industrial (22.28%), Multifunctional zone I (17.46%)
jected population which is given in each zone. The popu- and Accelerated growth zone - Institutional (19.46%).
lation density of various zones is given in table 14.10. The percentage of increase is more than 10% in the rest
Considering the percentage of increase in population of the zones except Environmental concern zone
density, it is seen that the percentage of increase is (9.77%). The Population density variation is shown in
maximum in Accelerated growth zone – Industrial figure 14.12. This shows a population distribution sup-
(22.28%) and the percentage of increase is least in En- ports with the development concept.
vironmental concern zone (9.77%). The percentage of
Table 14.10: Population Density – Zone wise



Fig 14.12 Zone wise Population Density

14.8.2.1 Distribution of projected population From the figure it is clear that growth rate is more
among LSGs concentrated in the central region and mid upland area
The LSGs wise distribution of growth rate of of the district. It covers the multifunction zone I and
population in 2021 based on the trend wise analysis is accelerated growth zones. There are four LSGs
shown in figure14.13. (Mattathur Grama Panchayat, Melur Grama Panchayat,
Kolazhi Grama Panchayat, Anthikkad Grama Panchayat)

Figure 14.13 G.R of population 2021-trend based



Figure 14.14 G.R of population 2021-Accelerated

showing growth rate more than 15. Nine LSGs showing range more than 15 and all are located near the Multi-
growth rate in the range 10-15 and ten LSGs are in the function zones. Eight LSGs showing growth rate in the
range 5-10. The rest of the LSGs (76 in no) showing range 10-15 which are in the accelerated growth zones.
growth rate less than 5. In the intensive agriculture zone In the trend wise analysis, only ten LSGs are having
and accelerated growth zone marine are having growth growth rate in the range 5-10 and it is increased to 39
rate less than 5. The growth rate of Multifunction zone LSGs while considering the induced projected growth
II also showing less growth rate in the trend based analy- rate. The rest of 45 LSGs show a growth rate less than 5.
sis. Out of 99 LSGs in the district, 76 LSGs having growth
rate less than 5 which cover the agricultural zone and
14.9. PROJECTION OF WORK FORCE
accelerated growth zone (Marine) and some industrial The analysis of the occupational structure of the
zone area. District (Chapter 4) shows a very alarming situation
about the economic base of the district. The produc-
The LSGs wise distribution of growth rate of popu-
tion sectors including agriculture shows declining trend
lation in 2021 based on induced growth rate analysis is
in the district. Meanwhile service sector shows growth
shown in figure 14.14. From the figure it is clear that
both in urban and rural areas. The occupational struc-
growth rate is more concentrated in the central region,
ture also reveals that the secondary sector also takes a
mid upland area and some coastal regions of the dis-
determinant role in the district’s economy. More than
trict. In the trend wise analysis, only four LSGs are hav-
50% of the population depends on the service / sec-
ing growth rate more than 15. But when the growth
ondary sector for their lively hood. It is observed that
rate is accelerated there are seven LSGs come in the


rural areas of the district are slowly withdrawing from LSGS and the tertiary workers are more concentrated in
primary sector and started depending more on the ser- and around the urban areas.
vice sector. The boundary distinguishing the character The existing trend of work participation rate and
of rural and urban areas is narrowing down. It is clear existing occupational structure of the District are ana-
that primary workers are more concentrated in high land lyzed in Chapter 4. The existing work participation and
region and some mid land LSGS. Secondary workers are occupational structure is shown in Figure 14.15 and Fig-
concentrated in the mid land region and some coastal ure 14.16 respectively.

Fig 14.15: Work participation rate (Existing)

Fig 14.16: Occupational Structure (Existing)



The Work Participation Rate (WPR) of Thrissur Malappuram district has the lowest work participation
District from 1981 to 2001 is shown in figure 14.15. WPR rate (24%). The work participation rate of Thrissur Dis-
is increased by 8.40 % from 1981 to 2001. If the same trict is equals to that of the state (ie 32%) in 2001). That
trend is continued, work participation rate at the end means, out of the total population of 29.74 lakhs, 9.55
of the plan period (2021) will be about 33.26. (Figure lakhs are workers.
14.17).
As per the likely impact in the occupational struc-
But the proposed developments (as per devel- ture due to future developments (Table 14.11), increase
opment concept) will open up new avenues of employ- in work force is expected in 7 out of the 8 development

Fig 14.17 projected WPR – Trend based

ment and consequently there will be enhanced work zones. This will surely increase the WPR significantly
participation rate. Just like in the case of population well above the trend based projected WPR of 33.26%.
projection, the trend based projected WPR can be taken It is accepted that a WPR of 40% indicates a well off
as the lower limit of the work participation rate at the society as far as the job opportunities are concerned.
end of the plan period, on the assumption that the ac- The present WPR of Thrissur District is only 32.12% and
celerated WPR will be higher than this. attaining a WPR of 40% by two decades is very difficult.
The WPR of the surrounding Districts shows (Figure
The work participation rate of Kerala is 32% as
14.18) a maximum value of 34% (in Palakkad and
per 2001 census. As per census 2001, the work partici-
Ernakulam District). The WPR of the State as per 2001
pation rate of Idukki district is maximum (43%) and
Table 14.11 Projection of WPR –Thrissur District



Fig 14.18: WPR of Districts surrounding to Thrissur

census is only 32.3%. Considering all these a WPR of in the WPR.
36% is targeted (2.74% above the lower limit of 33.26%)
as the WPR for future population of Thrissur District.
14.9.1 Zone wise distribution of WPR
Zone wise distribution of WPR based on 2001 cen-
The projected WPR of the District is given in Table
sus data is shown in Table 14.12.
14.11 and Figure 14.19 by assuming a uniform increase

Fig 14.19: Projection of WPR –Thrissur District



Table 14.12: Zone wise WPR - 2001

The existing scenario of WPR shows that WPR is Consider the Multifunction zone I and Acceler-
more in the environmental concern zone (33.72) and ated growth zones, they have WPR less than even in-
least in the Accelerated growth zone-Marine (26.92). tensive agricultural zone. From the analysis of occupa-
Intensive agricultural zone also shows WPR greater than tional structure, it is very clear that WPR of the urban
multifunction zone and Accelerated growth zones. area is equal to that of the rural area indicates a uni-
form picture about the number of job opportunities
The environmental concern zone is rural in na-
created in urban and rural areas against the popular
ture and primary workers are more concentrated in that
belief that urban area creates more job opportunities.
region. But the primary activity non detrimental to na-
This trend has to be changed in such a way that urban
ture is only allowed in that region as per the develop-
area creates more job opportunities. Otherwise it will
ment concept. As per the present scenario, WPR is high-
affect the environmental and economical sustainability
est in that zone. But we cannot provide a high WPR
of a region. There will be migration of people from ur-
considering the development concept derived and in
ban to rural areas resulting in the possible destruction
view of environmental and economical sustainability
of the resources like agricultural area, water bodies and
of a region.
environmentally sensitive areas in the rural area for
WPR of Economic Development Corridor (EDC) is residential purpose and thus destroying the economic
slightly more than intensive agricultural zone. The ser- base of the District.
vice activities are mainly concentrated in Economic
Table 14.13 shows the combined average WPR -
Development Corridor (EDC). So we can expect a high
zone wise of the District. In this Accelerated growth
WPR as per development concept in that zone.

zone – Industrial, Accelerated growth zone – Institu- In the case of Intensive Agricultural Zone, the
tional, Accelerated growth zone – Marine, are taken as WPR in 2001 is 33.28 and as per development concept
a single one. Similar manner Multifunction zones and we provide increase in cultivators & agricultural
Economic Development Corridor (EDC) are considered labourers. Hence the range of WPR in 2021 will be more
as single unit. than 33.28 but less than 36 (District WPR). Also the value
of WPR in 2021 should be more than that of environ-
Table 14.13 The combined average WPR - zone wise

‘Selective concentration of urban and rural eco- mental concern zone. It is assumed that average of 33.28
nomic activities and diversification of the economic & 36 is taken as WPR in 2021 (34.64%).
base through interventions in production sectors to
The WPR of Economic Development Corridor
prevent the dilution of economic base of rural and ur-
(EDC) in 2001 is 33.34%. As per development concept
ban areas’ is one of the development objectives of the
we expect increase in industrial & service sector work-
Development Plan. Another objective is to protect the
ers. Considering the increase of workers, the WPR in
environmentally sensitive areas of the District. These
2021 will be lies in the range 33.34-36. But the zone is
two objectives will have a direct bearing in the deter-
influenced by Ernakulam which is the commercial and
mination of future economic base and in turn future
industrial hub of the state and good transportation link-
WPR and spatial distribution of work force.
ages. Hence the WPR in 2021 may be more than the
Considering the environmental concern zone, range due to the development through Thrissur-
the WPR of 2001 is 33.72. We will not provide a high Ernakulam corridor (NH-47). It is assumed that WPR of
WPR as per development concept. The range of WPR in EDC in 2021 will be 37 which is more than the range
2021 is fixed between 33.72 and 36 which is the pro- (33.34-36).
jected WPR of District in 2021 as per development con-
In the case of Accelerated growth zone – Indus-
cept. And also the value of WPR should be least in this
trial, the value of WPR in 2001 is 32.44 and as per devel-
zone considering other zones. Hence it is assumed a
opment concept we expect high increase in secondary
value of WPR which is less than the average of the range
workers & industrial workers. Hence the range of WPR
is taken (34%). The value of WPR should be least in this
in 2021 will be taken as between 32.44 & 36. This zone
zone considering other zones.
can also accommodate supporting industries which


Dsp thrissur ch14

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