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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur                                                                               LAND USE    71




                                                        Chapter –5
                                                        LAND USE

       Use of a percent of land is indicated by the pre-               analysis limited to that extent.
dominant activity be it agriculture, residential, com-
                                                                       5.1 LAND USE PATTERN OF KERALA STATE
mercial, forest etc, for which the land is put to. Hence
the analysis of the existing land use is inevitable to                        Based on the land use data of the Natural Re-
understand the predominant economic activities of an                   sources and Enviornmental Data Base the Land use of
area as well as the availability of vacant land for future             Kerala can be categorized under 9 Major categories and
economic activities. In order to spatially analyze the                 the percentage share of these categories is shown in
land use pattern and economic activity as well as link-                Table (5.1) and Fig 5.1. Accordingly predominant land
ages between them land use survey in all the 99 LSGs in                use of the state is a mix of residential and agricultural
the district has to be completed. However this will take               which constitute 48.38 % total Land area. It can be fur-
considerable time period. The source of the data is from               ther seen that Forest area of the state contribute nearly
Satellite Data from IRS P6 LISS-IV Mx/ LISS- III/                      23.18 % of the total area making the forest land use as
PAN 2003-‘04 (India Satellite Data). The Data forms part               second highest land use of the state. The Agricultural
of the Natural Resources and Environmental Data Base                   Land use and plantation land use together constitute
(NREDB). The Data on Land Use has been procured from                   20.18% (Agricultural 10.17% and plantation 10.01%) of
Kerala State Land use Board. The above data base is                    total area. The above analysis further support the real
predominantly agriculture oriented and as such the                     to ground peculiar scenario of the state in terms of ur-

              Table 5.1: Land use break-up – Kerala State
                   SI No                               Land use Category                          % Of Total Area
                  1                                    Forest                                          23.18
                  2                                    Water bodies                                    2.92
                  3                                    Marshy Land                                     0.28
                  4                                    Residential                                     3.45
                  5                                    Agriculture                                     10.17
                  6                                    Plantation                                      10.01
                  7                                    Res/Agr Mix                                     41.38
                  8                                    Other Built up Land Use                         0.48
                  9                                    Others                                          8.13
                                                       Total                                          100.00
             Source: Natural resources and enviornmental data base of Kerala



                                                                               Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
72     LANDUSE                                                                                       District Spatial Plan - Thrissur

ban rural continuum, highly scattered settlement pat-               of land under intense residential land use. Water bod-
tern, and traditional homestead type of development                 ies and forest also has a significant share (88.58 and




                                    8.13%
                                                      23.18%



                         41.38
                           x
                                                         10.17%

                                               10.01%



                   Source: Natural resources and enviornmental data base of Kerala


                                              Fig 5.1: Land use breakup – Kerala State


individual house surrounded by agricultural                         772.86 sq km respectively) in the land use of the dis-
land mainly of mixed crop cultivation.                              trict.

5.2 LAND USE BREAK UP OF THRISSUR
DISTRICT
        Total area of the district is 3035 Sq.km.
The breakup of land use area of the District
with its percentage to total area of the Dis-
trict is shown in Table 5.2 and Fig. 5.2. The
land use map of the district is shown in Fig.
5.3 The highest percentage of land use falls
under the category Residential / Agricultural
mix, which include mainly dry agriculture
lands where in residential developments are
co-existent. The district consists of 353.65 sq
km of pacca agricultural land and 31.53 sq km
                                                                             Fig 5.2 : Percentage of land use breakup

Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
District Spatial Plan - Thrissur                                                                           LANDUSE    73
    Table 5.2: Land use breakup – Thrissur District
      SI No.       Land use                                    Area (Sqkm)                        Percentage
        1           Forest                                        772.86                                 25.46
        2           Water bodies                                   88.58                                  2.92
        3           Kole Land                                      32.62                                  1.07
        4           Residential                                    31.53                                  1.04
        5           Agriculture                                   353.65                                 11.65
        6           Plantation                                    159.35                                  5.25
        7           Res/Agr Mix                                  1544.90                                 50.89
        8           Other Built up Land Use                        19.67                                  0.65
        9           Others                                         32.46                                  1.07
                    Total                                        3035.63                               100.00
    Generated from NREDB of the State




                                                                      Map Generated for IDDP by TCPD, Thrissur Unit


                                        Fig 5.3: Land use map – Thrissur District

       From the analysis of land use of the district it is     %) and agriculture (11.65 %). The glaring aspect of the
clear that, the major portion of the total land area of        land use is that the district is blessed with potential
the District is coming under three major uses– Resi-           resources such as agricultural land and forest.
dential / Agricultural mix (50.89 %), forest land (25.46
                                                                     Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
74       LANDUSE                                                                              District Spatial Plan - Thrissur
5.3 REGIONAL LAND USE STUDY                                   district the predominant land use is mix of residential
       Clearly the process of land use analysis of Thrissur   and agriculture. The comparison of category wise land
District shall starts with an insight to the whole Kerala     use with that of Kerala shows that the share of total
state and neighboring Districts (Malappuram, Palakkad         Kole land in Kerala is high in Thrissur District. The share
and Ernakulam). In this section an attempt has been           of Residential / Agricultural land use category is also on
made compare the land use pattern of Thrissur District        the higher compared to state.
with the state as well as with surrounding districts of             The comparison of Land use pattern of Thrissur
Palakkad, Ernakulam and Malappuram. Land use pat-             District with neighbouring Districts (Malappuram,
tern of Thrissur in comparison with Kerala state is shown     Palakkad and Ernakulam), is shown in Table 5.3.
in Table 5.3. From the table, it is clear that within the
   Table 5.3 Comparison of Land use break up of Thrissur District and Kerala state
       SI No         Land use                           Area              % of             Percentage of the
                                                      ( sqkm)             total           corresponding area
                                                                      in the Dist.            in the state

       1         Forest                                772.86              25.46                   23.18
       2         Water bodies                           88.58               2.92                    2.92
       3         Marshy Land                            32.62               1.07                    0.28
       4         Residential                            31.53               1.04                    3.45
       5         Agriculture                           353.65              11.65                   10.17
       6         Plantation                            159.35               5.25                   10.01
       7         Res/Agr Mix                          1544.90              50.89                   41.38
       8         Other Built up Land Use                19.67               0.65                    0.48
       9         Others                                 32.46               1.07                    8.13
   Generated from NREDB of the State


   Table 5.4 Land use break - comparison with Neighbouring Districts
    SI No      LAND USE                        Ernakulam            Thrissur         Palakkad           Malappuram
       1       Forest                             661.02              772.86         1263.90              643.13
       2       Water bodies                       174.58               88.58          123.42               57.05
       3       Kole Land                             0.00              32.62            4.58               11.87
       4       Residential                        233.53               31.53           12.05               18.14
       5       Agriculture                        275.26              353.65          755.55              252.27
       6       Plantation                         174.82              159.35          208.59              138.19
       7       Res/Agr Mix                       1483.61            1544.90          1813.06            2159.13
       8       Other Built up Land Use               3.40              19.67           56.75               19.79
       9       Others                               37.87              32.46          231.08              252.30
               Total                             3044.09            3035.63          4468.98            3551.87

   Generated from NREDB of the State


Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
District Spatial Plan - Thrissur                                                                            LANDUSE        75
       Comparison of the percentage of share Forest
land use of Thrissur District and neighbouring three
Districts shown in Fig. 5.4. The figure clearly shows
that Palakkad District has the highest share where as
Thrissur is placed in the second position.




                                                                Fig 5.6 Comparison of the percentage share of land marked as
                                                                 Marshy Land of the state in Thrissur and surrounding district




 Fig 5.4 Comparison of the percentage share of Forest Land
           use of the state in surrounding districts
        The percentage of Forest Land Use of each dis-
trict is shown in Fig.5.5 . Palakkad district shows high-
est percentage (28.28%) followed by Thrissur. (25.46%).
Ernakulam and Malappuram shows less percentage of
forest land comparing to Thrissur Dist.
                                                                  Fig 5.7 Percentage share of Marshy Land - Comparison with
                                                                                      surrounding districts
                                                                       Residential land use which include landuses
                                                                categorised as Mixed Built-up/Mixed Built-up con-
                                                                verted from paddy, Residential, and Residential (Con-
                                                                verted from Paddy) shows higher concentration in
                                                                Ernakulam District with 18.62% of the total area under
                                                                this category in the state. The corresponding share of
                                                                Thrissur District is only 2.51%. At the same time it is
Fig 5.5 Forest Land use comparison with surrounding districts   higher than the corresponding shares of Palakkad and
        In case of land depicted as Marshy land in the          Malappuram District (fig. 5.8).
data base Ernakulam has no land under this category
where as Thrissur shows highest contribution of about
31.82% of the total area under this category in the state
(fig. 5.6).
      The percentage of Marshy land of each district is
shown in fig. 5.7 The figure shows that Thrissur district
shows highest percentage (1.07 %). It is observed that
the Kole lands of the district is categorised as Marshy
land as per NREDB. Hence the percentage share of
                                                                  Fig 5.8 Comparison of the percentage share of Residential
marshy land in Thrissur district is reported to be high.        Land Use in district of Kerala - Thrissur and Surrounding District
                                                                     Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
76     LANDUSE                                                                                 District Spatial Plan - Thrissur

       The percentage of Residential Land use of
Thrissur & Surrounding Districts is shown in Fig. 5.9 The
figure shows that Ernakulam district shows highest per-
centage (7.67%) followed by Thrissur. (1.04%).
Malappuram and Palakkad shows lowest percentages.




                                                               Fig 5.11 Percentage share of Agriculture land use - Thrissur &
                                                                                    Surrounding district
                                                                      The percentage share of Plantation Land Use in
                                                               Thrissur & surrounding districts is shown in Fig. 5.12.
                                                               The figure shows that Ernakulam district shows highest
 Fig 5.9 Comparison of Percentage share of Residential land
            use in Thrissur & Surrounding Districts            percentage (5.74%) . Among the near by district Thrissur
       In case of wet agriculture land use Palakkad shows      fall under 2nd position.
dominance (20.45%) within whole Kerala State and
Thrissur has a share of 9.57% of agricultural land in the          5.74%
                                                                                  5.25%           4.67%
state Fig. 5.10
                                                                                                                   38 %
                                                                                                                    .9




                                                                  Fig 5.12 Comparison of Plantation Land use Thrissur &
                                                                                  Surrounding district
                                                                     Res / Agri mix category mainly include dry agri-
                                                               culture land uses. Comparing to the other districts of
                                                               Kerala, Thrissur and surrounding three districts show
                                                               highest (Fig. 5.13) concentration of mix of residential
 Fig 5.10 Comparison of the percentage share of Agricultural   and agricultural land uses.
      Land use of the State - Thrissur & surrunding district


      The comparison of percentage of Agriculture
Land Use of each district is shown in Fig.5.11. The fig-
ure shows that Palakkad district shows highest per-
centage (16.91%) and Thrissur District is in second po-
sition (11.65%) followed by Ernakulam and
Malappuram.
                                                               Fig 5.13 Comparison of the percentage share of State Res/Agr
Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala                    Mix land use of the state in Thrissur & Surrounding district
District Spatial Plan - Thrissur                                                                          LANDUSE      77
       The percentage share of Forest Land Use of each                  Using the above method concentration index of
district is shown in Fig. 5.14. The figure shows that             9 categories of Land use (which are Forest, Water Bod-
Malappuram district shows highest percentage (60.79%)             ies, Marshy Land, Residential, Agriculture, Plantation,
followed by Thrissur (50.89%), Ernakulam shows                    Resi/Agri Mix, Other built up land use and Others) are
(48.74%), Palakkad shows less percentage (40.57%) of              analysed.
Resi / Agri mix land.
                                                                         The regional land use study shows a general ob-
                                                                  servation that Thrissur stand in the second or third po-
                                                                  sition with respect to surrounding district in the case of
                                                                  urban components of landuse (residential, mixed
                                                                  builtup, resi/agri mix etc., other built up etc.) and rural
                                                                  components of the landuse ( Agriculture, plantation
                                                                  etc.)

                                                                  5.4.1 Agricultural land use
                                                                        The Agricultural land use consists of Cashew/or-
                                                                  ange/pepper/pineapple, Viruppu (1st Crop)/
 Fig 5.14 Percentage of Res / Agr mix land use in the district
                                                                  Mundakan, Land without scrub, Double Crop/Triple
5.4 CONCENTRATION PATTERN OF LAND USE                             crop, Agriculture farm, Agriculture farm (Orchads)/and
                                                                  Mixed trees catagories of land use as demarketed in
      The concentration pattern of a land uses gives an
                                                                  the landuse map generatedout of NREDB. The concen-
idea about where that particular land use is concen-
                                                                  tration pattern of agricultural land use (Figure-5.15)
trated within the District.
                                                                  shows that agricultural area of the District is mainly con-
      The Concentration Index value may be greater
                                                                  centrated in the central, and some of the up land re-
than one, equal to one or less than one. LSGS
                                                                  gions of the District. The pattern also reveals that the
with Concentration Index greater than one indicates
                                                                  concentration pattern of agricultural land use is also
that the land use under consideration is concentrated
                                                                  influenced by the location of water bodies.
more than the other LSGS in the district.




                                    Fig. 5.15 : The concentration pattern of agricultural land use
                                                                        Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
78    LANDUSE                                                                                District Spatial Plan - Thrissur




                            Fig. 5.16 : The concentration Intex of agricultural land use

       The variation of concentration index of Agricul-        concentration of agricultural land use within the dis-
tural land use among the LSGs where concentration              trict is seen in Grama Panchayats of Kuzhur, Poyya,
index of agricultural land use is greater than 1 is shown      Alagappanagar, Arimpur, Mullassery, Chowannoor,
in fig 5.16. The list of LSGs with concentration index of      Vallathole Nagar of the district.
agricultural land use is given in Annexe 5. The highest




                             Fig 5.17 : Concentration pattern of the Other Built up Land Use


Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
District Spatial Plan - Thrissur                                                                             LANDUSE      79
5.4.2 Other Built up Land Use                                      5.4.3 Forest Land Use
         Other built up land use include Commercial, In-                  Forest Land use contains land use categories of
dustrial /Industrial Park and Educational Institutions.            Dense Mixed Forest, Dense Mixed Forest (R.F)/Forest
Figure 5.17 shows the distribution of the concentration            Blank, Dense mixed forest mainly bamboo, Dense
pattern of the Other Built up Land Use. From the figure            mixed forest mainly bamboo & teak (R.F), Dense mixed
it is clear that the concentration index of the Other Built        forest mainly bamboo (R.F), Dense mixed forest mainly
up Land Use in urban LSGs and in those LSGs along the              teak or cashew, Bamboo (R.F), Barren Rocky/ Stone
major transport corridors are higher than that in other            waste/ sheet rock (RF), Open mixed forest/Open mixed
LSGs. Also it is observed that high land area of the dis-          forest (RF), Scrub forest, Degraded grass land (RF),
trict has lesser concentration of Other Built up Land Uses         Dense mixed forest mainly rubber, Under utilized /
even in LSGs along main transportation corridors indi-             degraded notified forest and Dense Grassland/De-




               Fig 5.18: The variation of concentration pattern of Other builtup land use among LSGS of Thrissur Dist.


cating that the economic activity of hill areas is not con-        graded grass land.
siderably dependent on secondary / tertiary sectors.
                                                                          The concentration pattern of forest land use
The list of LSGs with concentration index of the Other
                                                                   shows (Figure 5.19) that forest area of the District is
Built up Land Use is given in Annexe 6 and the list of
                                                                   mainly concentrated in the South - Eastern part of the
LSGs with high concentration of the Other Built up Land
                                                                   District. Total area of active forest land of the district is
Use (i.e. concentration index of other built up land use
                                                                   927.25 sq km which is about 30.55% of the total area of
greater than one) is shown in Annexe 6. The variation
                                                                   the district. The forest land of the district is concen-
of concentration index of Other builtup land use among
                                                                   trated in 11 LSGs namely Grama Panchayat of Athirapalli,
the LSGs where concentration index of other builtup
                                                                   Kodassery, Mattathur, Varantharapalli, Puthur,
land use is greater than one is shown in Fig 5.18.
                                                                   Pananchery, Pazhayannur, Chelakkara, Erumapetty ,

                                                                        Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
80     LANDUSE                                                                                   District Spatial Plan - Thrissur

Varavoor and Mullurkkara. The forest land is seen in          among the LSGs is shown in Fig 5.20
the high land and upland regions of the district. The
                                                                     The LSGs wise concentration index of Forest land
variation of concentration index of Forest Land use
                                                              use is given in Annexe 6.




                        Fig 5.19: Concentration patern of forest land use in LSGs of Thrissur Dist.




                     Fig 5.20: Variation of concentration pattern of forest land use among LSGS


Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
District Spatial Plan - Thrissur                                                                          LANDUSE       81
5.4.4 Residential Land Use                                                  The LSGs wise concentration index of Residen-
        The concentration pattern of Residential land use           tial land use and list of LSGs where residential land use
shows (Figure 5.21) that Residential area of the District           is concentrated are given in Annexe - 6. The variation of
is mainly concentrated in the coastal LSGs of the dis-              concentration index of Residential land use among the
trict. Orumanayur is characterised with the highest con-            LSGs where concentration index of Residential land
centration index for residential land use (16.66).                  use is greater than one is shown in Fig 5.22




                                       Fig 5.21: Concentration pattern of Residential land use




                                   Fig 5.22: Variation of concentration index of Residential land use


                                                                          Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
82    LANDUSE                                                                              District Spatial Plan - Thrissur
5.4.5 Residential / Agriculture mixed Land use               ber, Mixed and Tapioca as per the land use data of
      Resi/Agri mixed land use consists of land use cat-     NREDB. Resi / Agri land use is concentrated in the coastal
egories of Arecanut, Banana, Banana & Tapioca, Coco-         areas of the district. The concetration patter of Resi/
nut/coconut & arecanut/cocconut & tapioca, Coconut           Agri land use is shown in Fig. 5. 23. The pattern also
dominant mixed crop, Current fallow, Mixed Crop, Rub-        reveals that the concentration of Res/Agr Land use is in




                              Fig 5.23: Concentration pattern of Res/Agri mixed land use




                                     Fig 5.24: Concentration pattern of water body

Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
District Spatial Plan - Thrissur                                                                            LANDUSE   83
coastal and midland regions of the district.                          and Back waters. The land use is concentrated among
                                                                      the major river basis which are Chalakkudy Puzha,
5.4.6 Water bodies                                                    Karuvannur puzha, Kanjira puzha and small portions of
     Water bodies include perennial, Reservoir/Canal,                 Bharatha puzha and Periyar.
Reservoir Bed/River bed/River island, Water Bodies,
                                                                             Fig. 5.24 shows concentration index based on




                                   Fig 5.25: Distribution of concentration - Index of Plantation land use




                                    Fig 5.26: Distribution of concentration - Index of Kole land use


                                                                            Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
84     LANDUSE                                                                             District Spatial Plan - Thrissur

extend of land under water bodies in LSGs of Thrissur.       Cardomom(RF), Teak, Teak & Softwood (R.F), Teak (R.F)/
                                                             Cashew (RF), Eucalyptus (R.F)/ Eucalptus and soft wood
5.4.7 Plantations                                            (RF)/Sof wood (silver oak), Oil Palm and Oil Palm (R.F)
     This category of Land use include land use cat-         as per land use data of NREDB.
egories of Rubber (R.F), Tea/Cofee/cardomom/
                                                                     Plantations are spreaded in most of the north
Eucalptus, Tea & Eucalyptus, Tea (R.F)/Cofee (RF)/
                                                             east / south east areas of the district. The concetration




                                   Fig 5.27: Concentration pattern of Other land use

   Table 5.5: Break up of Agricultural land use, Thrissur District, 2008
       Sl.No.               Type                                    Area (sqkm)                    %

         1      Coconut Dominant Mixed Crop                           751.45                     38.55
         2      Mixed Crop                                            484.27                     24.84
         3      Paddy                                                 333.49                     17.11
         4      Rubber                                                208.51                     10.70
         5      Coconut                                                65.8                       3.38
         6      Perennial                                              54.37                      2.79
         7      Current Fallow                                         29.61                      1.52
         8      Land without scrub                                      9.23                      0.47
         9      Banana                                                  1.97                      0.10
         10     Mixed trees                                             0.99                      0.05
         11     Plantation                                              9.31                      0.48
         12     Coffee                                                  0.2                       0.01
         13     Arecanut                                                0.02                      0.00
         14     Banana Tapioca                                          0.09                      0.00
                Total                                                1949.31                    100.00
Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala                                             Source: Census 2001
District Spatial Plan - Thrissur                                                                             LANDUSE   85
pattern of Plantations is shown in Fig.5.25..                     5.5 ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE
                                                                         The agricultural land use is analyzed further for
5.4.8 Marshy Land / Kole Land
                                                                  all crops within the district. The total agricultural area
        Land parcels which are categorised as Temporarily         of the district is 1949.31sq km. The breakup of the agri-
marshy land / Marshy land/Permanently marshy land is              cultural land use of Thrissur District is shown in Table
per NREDB is included under Marshy land / Kole land.              5.5 and Figure 5.28. Dry Agriculture contribute an area
Distribution of concentration - Index of Kole land use            of 1616 sqkms and wet agriculture contribute an area of
is shown in Figure 5.26                                           333.5 sqkms. The LSG wise break up of the agricultural
                                                                  land use is shown in Figure 5.29.
5.4.9 Other Land Use
                                                                         From the above analysis it is found that major
          Following land use of NREDB are grouped to
                                                                  contributor among various crops in Thrissur District is
form the category Other Land use - Barren Rocky/ Stone
                                                                  coconut (42%), followed by mixed crops (25%), paddy
waste/ sheet rock, Coastal Sand, Sands/ riverine/Flood            (17%) and rubber (10%). Other crops contribute only
plain, Beaches, Harbour / Port, Mining / Industrial waste         5.5%. So the agricultural land use is analyzed further
land, Airport, Playground, Dam wall, Mining. Other Land           considering these four main crops (Coconut, Mixed
uses are spreaded near by coastal areas and in the North          Crops, Paddy and Rubber). The breakup of the agricul-
and Western region of the district. The concetration              tural land use of Thrissur District considering these main
pattern of Other land use is shown in Fig. 5.27.                  crops is shown in Table 5.6 , Figure 5.30 and Figure 5.31




                                                                                       Source: Census 2001

                                   Fig 5.28 Break up of agricultural land use Thrissur Dist.

                                                                        Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
86     LANDUSE                                                                          District Spatial Plan - Thrissur




                                 Fig 5.29 : LSG wise break up of agricultural land use




 Table 5.6 : Break up of Agricultural land use, Thrissur District, 2008
   Major Land use       Sub Land use                            Area SqKm. %                  Total%
   Coconut              Coconut Dominant Mixed Crop             751.45          38.55         42.00
                        Coconut                                 65.8            3.38
   Mixed Crop           Mixed Crop                              484.27          24.84         24.84
   Paddy                Paddy                                   333.49          17.11         17.11
   Rubber               Rubber                                  208.51          10.7          10.7
   Others               Perennial                               54.37           2.79          5.42
                        Current Fallow                          29.61           1.52
                        Land without scrub                      9.23            0.47
                        Banana                                  1.97            0.10
                        Mixed trees                             0.99            0.05
                        Plantation                              9.31            0.48
                        Coffee                                  0.2             0.01
                        Arecanut                                0.02            0.00
                        Banana Tapioca                          0.09            0.00
      Total                                                     1949.31         100.00        100.00
 Source: Census 2001




Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
District Spatial Plan - Thrissur                                                                       LANDUSE    87

                           Paddy         Rubber                  Mixed Crop               Others     Coconut




                                                         5%


                                   Fig 5. 30: Break up of agricultural land use in to five classes




                                       Fig 5.31 : Spatial patterm of agricultural land use


                                                                         Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
88     LANDUSE                                                                              District Spatial Plan - Thrissur
5.5.1 Concentration Pattern of Agriculture land one indicating poor land cover of coconut.
use
                                                5.5.1.2 Mixed crop
       The concentration pattern of Agricultural land use
gives an idea about where that particular Agriculture is               Figure 5.33 shows the distribution of the concen-
concentrated. For major agriculture viz: Coconut, Mixed        tration index of the mixed crop land use. From the fig-
crop, Paddy and rubber - that dominant in Thrissur dis-        ure it is clear that the high concentration of mixed crop
trict are analyzed here.                                       is found in LSGs located nearby main transportation
                                                               corridors of the district.
5.5.1.1 Concentration Pattern of Coconut land use
                                                                     Considering the unique scattered or dispersed
       Figure 5.32 shows the distribution of the concen-       settlement pattern prevailing in Kerala the LSGs located
tration index of the coconut land use. From the figure it      near by the major transportation corridors usually have
is clear that the high concentration of coconut land use       small land holdings together with built up land use




                               Fig 5.32 : Distribution of concentration - Index of Coconut



lying along Coastal belt, so we can say beach sand is          which lead to mixed crop cultivation instead special-
very supporting to enrichment of coconut and coconut           ized single crop cultivation. In other words the urban
dominant mixed crops. Second highest concentration             and semi urban areas support mixed crop cultivation.
of coconut is also lying neighboring LSGs of coastal belt.     Highland areas have less concentration of Mixed crops.
High and up land have concentration index less than

Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
District Spatial Plan - Thrissur                                                                     LANDUSE     89




                                   Fig 5.33: Distribution of concentration - Index of Mixed Crop




                                          Fig 5.34: Concentration pattern of Paddy lands

                                                                        Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
90     LANDUSE                                                                          District Spatial Plan - Thrissur
5.5.1.3 Paddy                                               upland areas have very poor concentration of paddy
       Figure 5.34 shows the distribution of the concen-    lands.
tration index of the Paddy land use. Highest concentra-
                                                            5.5.1.4 Rubber
tion index of the paddy area is found in LSGs in mid and
up land areas. It may be due to good drainage catch-                Figure 5.35 shows the distribution of the con-
ment area that support paddy cultivation. Coastal and       centration index of the Rubber land use. North – East-




                                    Fig 5.35: Concentration pattern of Rubber




                                  Fig 5.36: Concentration Pattern of Agriculture


Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
District Spatial Plan - Thrissur                                                                      LANDUSE      91
ern parts of the district have the highest concentration       (Athirapalli and Puthoor) do not exhibit any
of Rubber land use. Most of the LSGs on highland re-           specialisation in agriculture activities. It may be due
gions are showing a clear dominance to Rubber. As pro-         the forest land cover of that LSGs.
ceeding from highland area to low land area of the dis-
                                                               5.6.1 Major agriculture activities including Plan-
trict value of concentration index of rubber is descend-
                                                               tation
ing. Coastal areas have very little concentration of Rub-
ber.                                                                   From the analysis of major agricultural activities
                                                               it is found that two Grama Panchayats (Athirapalli and
5.6 MAJOR AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES                              Puthoor) do not exhibit any agriculture activities, but
      In the above paragraphs, the areas of concentra-         as per real to ground scenario these areas are active in
tion of the major agriculture land uses in the District is     primary sector activities. Hence the analysis is further
delineated taking land put to crops viz coconut, mixed         extended including ‘others category’ especially for
crop, paddy and rubber. By combining the concentra-            Plantation.
tion pattern of major agricultural land uses spatially and            Figure 5.37 shows the distribution of the concen-
by analyzing the resulting pattern, areas of major agri-       tration index of the Plantation land use. Highest con-
cultural (based on the existing land use) activity can be      centration of plantation is Thrikkur area. Athirapalli,
delineated.                                                    Varantharapalli, Thiruvilwamala and Pazhayaanoor are
       The area of specialization of each LSG of the dis-      also showing clear dominant of Plantations. So it is clear
trict against agriculture land use is given in Annexe 7.       that Athirapalli have a clear land cover for plantations.
Figure 5.36. shows the concentration pattern of all the                Figure 5.38 shows the concentration of all the
four major agriculture land uses together. From the fig-       four major agriculture land uses together with planta-
ure, the areas of Specialization can be delineated. From       tion . From the figure, the areas of Specialization, based
the figure it is found that only two Grama Panchayats          on the agricultural land use analysis, can be delineated.




                                   Fig 5.37: Concentration Pattern of Plantations
                                                                    Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
92    LANDUSE                                                                                   District Spatial Plan - Thrissur




                          Fig 5.38: Concentration Pattern of Agriculture Including Plantations




Table 5.7: Grouping of land use classifications

           Sl                                                         land use Catagories grouped
                     Major Land use
          No.

           1     Non Agriculture (Urban                           Other builtup + Others+
                 land use)                                        Residential ( Plot size <50
                                                                  Scents

           2     Agriculture                                      Agri + Resi /
                                                                  Agri+Residential (
                                                                  Plot size >50 Scents

           3     Forest                                           All components of Forest
                                                                  land use



           4     Plantation                                       All components of Plantation
                                                                  land use



Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
District Spatial Plan - Thrissur                                                                           LANDUSE      93
The area of specialization of each LSGs of the district               Athirapalli Grama Panchayat dominance of Plantation.
against agriculture including plantation land use is given            Still Puthoor show no dominance to any agricultural ac-
in Annexe 7. From the figure and table it is found that               tivities.




                                   Fig 5.39 a: The concentration pattern of Non- Agricultural land use




                                       Fig 5.39b: The concentration pattern of Agricultural land use
                                                                            Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
94    LANDUSE                                                                            District Spatial Plan - Thrissur
5.7 ACTIVITY ZONES BASED LAND USE CONCENTRA- taking each land uses separately. By combining the con-
TION PATTERN                                 centration pattern of the major land uses spatially and
      In the previous sections, the areas of concentra-      by analyzing the resulting pattern, activity pattern of
tion of the major land uses in the District is delineated    LSGs (based on the existing land use) can be evolved.




                                Fig 5.39c: The concentration pattern of Forest land use




                                  Fig 5.39d: The concentration pattern of Plantations
Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
District Spatial Plan - Thrissur                                                                                   LANDUSE   95
       In order to evolve the activity pattern the nine                spectively. Based on the pattern, the activity of the LSGs
categories of land uses are grouped into 4 categories                  is evolved as per the criteria shown in Table. 5.8
which are Non agricultural, Agricultural, Forest and Plan-
                                                                             Activity based on land use evolved based on the
tation as given in Table 5.7.
                                                                       above criteria for each LSG is shown in
      The concentration index of these major land use                   Annexe - 8. The activity pattern based on the land use
catogories is shown in Annexe - 7. The concentration                   is shown in Figure. 40.
patterns are shown in Fig. 5.39a, 5.39b, 5.39c, 5.39d re-

   Table 5.8: Criteria for determination of activity based on Land use

        SI No                      Activity based on
                                       Land use                                                 Criteria

           1.                       Urban                               CI* Urban > CI Agri / CI Plantation / CI Forest
           2.                       Agricultural                        CI* Agri > CI Urban /CI Plantation
           3.                       Plantation                          CI* Plantation > CI Forest /CI Urban / CI Agri
           4.                       Forest`                             CI Forest > CI Plantation /CI Urban / CI Agri

   * CI - Concentration index of




                                                                                                           Urban




                                              Fig 5.40 Land use concentration pattern of LSGS


                                                                             Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
96     LANDUSE                                                                            District Spatial Plan - Thrissur

       The analysis of land use concentration pattern        whole District can be divided into four Activity zones
shows that most of the plantation / forest activities are    namely Agricultural, Non-Agricultural/Urban, Planta-
concentrated on the highland region of the district. The     tion, Plantation/Forest. The analysis of land use con-
urban activity is found to be mainly concentrated in         centration pattern shows that most of the plantation /
coastal regions and along the major transportation cor-      forest activities are concentrated on the highland re-
ridors. The agricultural activities are predominantly con-   gion of the district. The urban activity is found to be
centrated in the midland region of the district.             mainly concentrated in coastal regions and along the
                                                             major transportation corridors. The agricultural activi-
5.8 INFERENCE                                                ties are predominantly concentrated in the midland
       From the above details we can conclude that the       region of the district.




Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala

 < CONTENTS >                                                                    CHAPTER 6 >>

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Dsp thrissur ch5

  • 1. << CHAPTER 4 < CONTENTS > District Spatial Plan - Thrissur LAND USE 71 Chapter –5 LAND USE Use of a percent of land is indicated by the pre- analysis limited to that extent. dominant activity be it agriculture, residential, com- 5.1 LAND USE PATTERN OF KERALA STATE mercial, forest etc, for which the land is put to. Hence the analysis of the existing land use is inevitable to Based on the land use data of the Natural Re- understand the predominant economic activities of an sources and Enviornmental Data Base the Land use of area as well as the availability of vacant land for future Kerala can be categorized under 9 Major categories and economic activities. In order to spatially analyze the the percentage share of these categories is shown in land use pattern and economic activity as well as link- Table (5.1) and Fig 5.1. Accordingly predominant land ages between them land use survey in all the 99 LSGs in use of the state is a mix of residential and agricultural the district has to be completed. However this will take which constitute 48.38 % total Land area. It can be fur- considerable time period. The source of the data is from ther seen that Forest area of the state contribute nearly Satellite Data from IRS P6 LISS-IV Mx/ LISS- III/ 23.18 % of the total area making the forest land use as PAN 2003-‘04 (India Satellite Data). The Data forms part second highest land use of the state. The Agricultural of the Natural Resources and Environmental Data Base Land use and plantation land use together constitute (NREDB). The Data on Land Use has been procured from 20.18% (Agricultural 10.17% and plantation 10.01%) of Kerala State Land use Board. The above data base is total area. The above analysis further support the real predominantly agriculture oriented and as such the to ground peculiar scenario of the state in terms of ur- Table 5.1: Land use break-up – Kerala State SI No Land use Category % Of Total Area 1 Forest 23.18 2 Water bodies 2.92 3 Marshy Land 0.28 4 Residential 3.45 5 Agriculture 10.17 6 Plantation 10.01 7 Res/Agr Mix 41.38 8 Other Built up Land Use 0.48 9 Others 8.13 Total 100.00 Source: Natural resources and enviornmental data base of Kerala Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
  • 2. 72 LANDUSE District Spatial Plan - Thrissur ban rural continuum, highly scattered settlement pat- of land under intense residential land use. Water bod- tern, and traditional homestead type of development ies and forest also has a significant share (88.58 and 8.13% 23.18% 41.38 x 10.17% 10.01% Source: Natural resources and enviornmental data base of Kerala Fig 5.1: Land use breakup – Kerala State individual house surrounded by agricultural 772.86 sq km respectively) in the land use of the dis- land mainly of mixed crop cultivation. trict. 5.2 LAND USE BREAK UP OF THRISSUR DISTRICT Total area of the district is 3035 Sq.km. The breakup of land use area of the District with its percentage to total area of the Dis- trict is shown in Table 5.2 and Fig. 5.2. The land use map of the district is shown in Fig. 5.3 The highest percentage of land use falls under the category Residential / Agricultural mix, which include mainly dry agriculture lands where in residential developments are co-existent. The district consists of 353.65 sq km of pacca agricultural land and 31.53 sq km Fig 5.2 : Percentage of land use breakup Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
  • 3. District Spatial Plan - Thrissur LANDUSE 73 Table 5.2: Land use breakup – Thrissur District SI No. Land use Area (Sqkm) Percentage 1 Forest 772.86 25.46 2 Water bodies 88.58 2.92 3 Kole Land 32.62 1.07 4 Residential 31.53 1.04 5 Agriculture 353.65 11.65 6 Plantation 159.35 5.25 7 Res/Agr Mix 1544.90 50.89 8 Other Built up Land Use 19.67 0.65 9 Others 32.46 1.07 Total 3035.63 100.00 Generated from NREDB of the State Map Generated for IDDP by TCPD, Thrissur Unit Fig 5.3: Land use map – Thrissur District From the analysis of land use of the district it is %) and agriculture (11.65 %). The glaring aspect of the clear that, the major portion of the total land area of land use is that the district is blessed with potential the District is coming under three major uses– Resi- resources such as agricultural land and forest. dential / Agricultural mix (50.89 %), forest land (25.46 Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
  • 4. 74 LANDUSE District Spatial Plan - Thrissur 5.3 REGIONAL LAND USE STUDY district the predominant land use is mix of residential Clearly the process of land use analysis of Thrissur and agriculture. The comparison of category wise land District shall starts with an insight to the whole Kerala use with that of Kerala shows that the share of total state and neighboring Districts (Malappuram, Palakkad Kole land in Kerala is high in Thrissur District. The share and Ernakulam). In this section an attempt has been of Residential / Agricultural land use category is also on made compare the land use pattern of Thrissur District the higher compared to state. with the state as well as with surrounding districts of The comparison of Land use pattern of Thrissur Palakkad, Ernakulam and Malappuram. Land use pat- District with neighbouring Districts (Malappuram, tern of Thrissur in comparison with Kerala state is shown Palakkad and Ernakulam), is shown in Table 5.3. in Table 5.3. From the table, it is clear that within the Table 5.3 Comparison of Land use break up of Thrissur District and Kerala state SI No Land use Area % of Percentage of the ( sqkm) total corresponding area in the Dist. in the state 1 Forest 772.86 25.46 23.18 2 Water bodies 88.58 2.92 2.92 3 Marshy Land 32.62 1.07 0.28 4 Residential 31.53 1.04 3.45 5 Agriculture 353.65 11.65 10.17 6 Plantation 159.35 5.25 10.01 7 Res/Agr Mix 1544.90 50.89 41.38 8 Other Built up Land Use 19.67 0.65 0.48 9 Others 32.46 1.07 8.13 Generated from NREDB of the State Table 5.4 Land use break - comparison with Neighbouring Districts SI No LAND USE Ernakulam Thrissur Palakkad Malappuram 1 Forest 661.02 772.86 1263.90 643.13 2 Water bodies 174.58 88.58 123.42 57.05 3 Kole Land 0.00 32.62 4.58 11.87 4 Residential 233.53 31.53 12.05 18.14 5 Agriculture 275.26 353.65 755.55 252.27 6 Plantation 174.82 159.35 208.59 138.19 7 Res/Agr Mix 1483.61 1544.90 1813.06 2159.13 8 Other Built up Land Use 3.40 19.67 56.75 19.79 9 Others 37.87 32.46 231.08 252.30 Total 3044.09 3035.63 4468.98 3551.87 Generated from NREDB of the State Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
  • 5. District Spatial Plan - Thrissur LANDUSE 75 Comparison of the percentage of share Forest land use of Thrissur District and neighbouring three Districts shown in Fig. 5.4. The figure clearly shows that Palakkad District has the highest share where as Thrissur is placed in the second position. Fig 5.6 Comparison of the percentage share of land marked as Marshy Land of the state in Thrissur and surrounding district Fig 5.4 Comparison of the percentage share of Forest Land use of the state in surrounding districts The percentage of Forest Land Use of each dis- trict is shown in Fig.5.5 . Palakkad district shows high- est percentage (28.28%) followed by Thrissur. (25.46%). Ernakulam and Malappuram shows less percentage of forest land comparing to Thrissur Dist. Fig 5.7 Percentage share of Marshy Land - Comparison with surrounding districts Residential land use which include landuses categorised as Mixed Built-up/Mixed Built-up con- verted from paddy, Residential, and Residential (Con- verted from Paddy) shows higher concentration in Ernakulam District with 18.62% of the total area under this category in the state. The corresponding share of Thrissur District is only 2.51%. At the same time it is Fig 5.5 Forest Land use comparison with surrounding districts higher than the corresponding shares of Palakkad and In case of land depicted as Marshy land in the Malappuram District (fig. 5.8). data base Ernakulam has no land under this category where as Thrissur shows highest contribution of about 31.82% of the total area under this category in the state (fig. 5.6). The percentage of Marshy land of each district is shown in fig. 5.7 The figure shows that Thrissur district shows highest percentage (1.07 %). It is observed that the Kole lands of the district is categorised as Marshy land as per NREDB. Hence the percentage share of Fig 5.8 Comparison of the percentage share of Residential marshy land in Thrissur district is reported to be high. Land Use in district of Kerala - Thrissur and Surrounding District Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
  • 6. 76 LANDUSE District Spatial Plan - Thrissur The percentage of Residential Land use of Thrissur & Surrounding Districts is shown in Fig. 5.9 The figure shows that Ernakulam district shows highest per- centage (7.67%) followed by Thrissur. (1.04%). Malappuram and Palakkad shows lowest percentages. Fig 5.11 Percentage share of Agriculture land use - Thrissur & Surrounding district The percentage share of Plantation Land Use in Thrissur & surrounding districts is shown in Fig. 5.12. The figure shows that Ernakulam district shows highest Fig 5.9 Comparison of Percentage share of Residential land use in Thrissur & Surrounding Districts percentage (5.74%) . Among the near by district Thrissur In case of wet agriculture land use Palakkad shows fall under 2nd position. dominance (20.45%) within whole Kerala State and Thrissur has a share of 9.57% of agricultural land in the 5.74% 5.25% 4.67% state Fig. 5.10 38 % .9 Fig 5.12 Comparison of Plantation Land use Thrissur & Surrounding district Res / Agri mix category mainly include dry agri- culture land uses. Comparing to the other districts of Kerala, Thrissur and surrounding three districts show highest (Fig. 5.13) concentration of mix of residential Fig 5.10 Comparison of the percentage share of Agricultural and agricultural land uses. Land use of the State - Thrissur & surrunding district The comparison of percentage of Agriculture Land Use of each district is shown in Fig.5.11. The fig- ure shows that Palakkad district shows highest per- centage (16.91%) and Thrissur District is in second po- sition (11.65%) followed by Ernakulam and Malappuram. Fig 5.13 Comparison of the percentage share of State Res/Agr Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala Mix land use of the state in Thrissur & Surrounding district
  • 7. District Spatial Plan - Thrissur LANDUSE 77 The percentage share of Forest Land Use of each Using the above method concentration index of district is shown in Fig. 5.14. The figure shows that 9 categories of Land use (which are Forest, Water Bod- Malappuram district shows highest percentage (60.79%) ies, Marshy Land, Residential, Agriculture, Plantation, followed by Thrissur (50.89%), Ernakulam shows Resi/Agri Mix, Other built up land use and Others) are (48.74%), Palakkad shows less percentage (40.57%) of analysed. Resi / Agri mix land. The regional land use study shows a general ob- servation that Thrissur stand in the second or third po- sition with respect to surrounding district in the case of urban components of landuse (residential, mixed builtup, resi/agri mix etc., other built up etc.) and rural components of the landuse ( Agriculture, plantation etc.) 5.4.1 Agricultural land use The Agricultural land use consists of Cashew/or- ange/pepper/pineapple, Viruppu (1st Crop)/ Fig 5.14 Percentage of Res / Agr mix land use in the district Mundakan, Land without scrub, Double Crop/Triple 5.4 CONCENTRATION PATTERN OF LAND USE crop, Agriculture farm, Agriculture farm (Orchads)/and Mixed trees catagories of land use as demarketed in The concentration pattern of a land uses gives an the landuse map generatedout of NREDB. The concen- idea about where that particular land use is concen- tration pattern of agricultural land use (Figure-5.15) trated within the District. shows that agricultural area of the District is mainly con- The Concentration Index value may be greater centrated in the central, and some of the up land re- than one, equal to one or less than one. LSGS gions of the District. The pattern also reveals that the with Concentration Index greater than one indicates concentration pattern of agricultural land use is also that the land use under consideration is concentrated influenced by the location of water bodies. more than the other LSGS in the district. Fig. 5.15 : The concentration pattern of agricultural land use Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
  • 8. 78 LANDUSE District Spatial Plan - Thrissur Fig. 5.16 : The concentration Intex of agricultural land use The variation of concentration index of Agricul- concentration of agricultural land use within the dis- tural land use among the LSGs where concentration trict is seen in Grama Panchayats of Kuzhur, Poyya, index of agricultural land use is greater than 1 is shown Alagappanagar, Arimpur, Mullassery, Chowannoor, in fig 5.16. The list of LSGs with concentration index of Vallathole Nagar of the district. agricultural land use is given in Annexe 5. The highest Fig 5.17 : Concentration pattern of the Other Built up Land Use Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
  • 9. District Spatial Plan - Thrissur LANDUSE 79 5.4.2 Other Built up Land Use 5.4.3 Forest Land Use Other built up land use include Commercial, In- Forest Land use contains land use categories of dustrial /Industrial Park and Educational Institutions. Dense Mixed Forest, Dense Mixed Forest (R.F)/Forest Figure 5.17 shows the distribution of the concentration Blank, Dense mixed forest mainly bamboo, Dense pattern of the Other Built up Land Use. From the figure mixed forest mainly bamboo & teak (R.F), Dense mixed it is clear that the concentration index of the Other Built forest mainly bamboo (R.F), Dense mixed forest mainly up Land Use in urban LSGs and in those LSGs along the teak or cashew, Bamboo (R.F), Barren Rocky/ Stone major transport corridors are higher than that in other waste/ sheet rock (RF), Open mixed forest/Open mixed LSGs. Also it is observed that high land area of the dis- forest (RF), Scrub forest, Degraded grass land (RF), trict has lesser concentration of Other Built up Land Uses Dense mixed forest mainly rubber, Under utilized / even in LSGs along main transportation corridors indi- degraded notified forest and Dense Grassland/De- Fig 5.18: The variation of concentration pattern of Other builtup land use among LSGS of Thrissur Dist. cating that the economic activity of hill areas is not con- graded grass land. siderably dependent on secondary / tertiary sectors. The concentration pattern of forest land use The list of LSGs with concentration index of the Other shows (Figure 5.19) that forest area of the District is Built up Land Use is given in Annexe 6 and the list of mainly concentrated in the South - Eastern part of the LSGs with high concentration of the Other Built up Land District. Total area of active forest land of the district is Use (i.e. concentration index of other built up land use 927.25 sq km which is about 30.55% of the total area of greater than one) is shown in Annexe 6. The variation the district. The forest land of the district is concen- of concentration index of Other builtup land use among trated in 11 LSGs namely Grama Panchayat of Athirapalli, the LSGs where concentration index of other builtup Kodassery, Mattathur, Varantharapalli, Puthur, land use is greater than one is shown in Fig 5.18. Pananchery, Pazhayannur, Chelakkara, Erumapetty , Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
  • 10. 80 LANDUSE District Spatial Plan - Thrissur Varavoor and Mullurkkara. The forest land is seen in among the LSGs is shown in Fig 5.20 the high land and upland regions of the district. The The LSGs wise concentration index of Forest land variation of concentration index of Forest Land use use is given in Annexe 6. Fig 5.19: Concentration patern of forest land use in LSGs of Thrissur Dist. Fig 5.20: Variation of concentration pattern of forest land use among LSGS Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
  • 11. District Spatial Plan - Thrissur LANDUSE 81 5.4.4 Residential Land Use The LSGs wise concentration index of Residen- The concentration pattern of Residential land use tial land use and list of LSGs where residential land use shows (Figure 5.21) that Residential area of the District is concentrated are given in Annexe - 6. The variation of is mainly concentrated in the coastal LSGs of the dis- concentration index of Residential land use among the trict. Orumanayur is characterised with the highest con- LSGs where concentration index of Residential land centration index for residential land use (16.66). use is greater than one is shown in Fig 5.22 Fig 5.21: Concentration pattern of Residential land use Fig 5.22: Variation of concentration index of Residential land use Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
  • 12. 82 LANDUSE District Spatial Plan - Thrissur 5.4.5 Residential / Agriculture mixed Land use ber, Mixed and Tapioca as per the land use data of Resi/Agri mixed land use consists of land use cat- NREDB. Resi / Agri land use is concentrated in the coastal egories of Arecanut, Banana, Banana & Tapioca, Coco- areas of the district. The concetration patter of Resi/ nut/coconut & arecanut/cocconut & tapioca, Coconut Agri land use is shown in Fig. 5. 23. The pattern also dominant mixed crop, Current fallow, Mixed Crop, Rub- reveals that the concentration of Res/Agr Land use is in Fig 5.23: Concentration pattern of Res/Agri mixed land use Fig 5.24: Concentration pattern of water body Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
  • 13. District Spatial Plan - Thrissur LANDUSE 83 coastal and midland regions of the district. and Back waters. The land use is concentrated among the major river basis which are Chalakkudy Puzha, 5.4.6 Water bodies Karuvannur puzha, Kanjira puzha and small portions of Water bodies include perennial, Reservoir/Canal, Bharatha puzha and Periyar. Reservoir Bed/River bed/River island, Water Bodies, Fig. 5.24 shows concentration index based on Fig 5.25: Distribution of concentration - Index of Plantation land use Fig 5.26: Distribution of concentration - Index of Kole land use Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
  • 14. 84 LANDUSE District Spatial Plan - Thrissur extend of land under water bodies in LSGs of Thrissur. Cardomom(RF), Teak, Teak & Softwood (R.F), Teak (R.F)/ Cashew (RF), Eucalyptus (R.F)/ Eucalptus and soft wood 5.4.7 Plantations (RF)/Sof wood (silver oak), Oil Palm and Oil Palm (R.F) This category of Land use include land use cat- as per land use data of NREDB. egories of Rubber (R.F), Tea/Cofee/cardomom/ Plantations are spreaded in most of the north Eucalptus, Tea & Eucalyptus, Tea (R.F)/Cofee (RF)/ east / south east areas of the district. The concetration Fig 5.27: Concentration pattern of Other land use Table 5.5: Break up of Agricultural land use, Thrissur District, 2008 Sl.No. Type Area (sqkm) % 1 Coconut Dominant Mixed Crop 751.45 38.55 2 Mixed Crop 484.27 24.84 3 Paddy 333.49 17.11 4 Rubber 208.51 10.70 5 Coconut 65.8 3.38 6 Perennial 54.37 2.79 7 Current Fallow 29.61 1.52 8 Land without scrub 9.23 0.47 9 Banana 1.97 0.10 10 Mixed trees 0.99 0.05 11 Plantation 9.31 0.48 12 Coffee 0.2 0.01 13 Arecanut 0.02 0.00 14 Banana Tapioca 0.09 0.00 Total 1949.31 100.00 Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala Source: Census 2001
  • 15. District Spatial Plan - Thrissur LANDUSE 85 pattern of Plantations is shown in Fig.5.25.. 5.5 ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE The agricultural land use is analyzed further for 5.4.8 Marshy Land / Kole Land all crops within the district. The total agricultural area Land parcels which are categorised as Temporarily of the district is 1949.31sq km. The breakup of the agri- marshy land / Marshy land/Permanently marshy land is cultural land use of Thrissur District is shown in Table per NREDB is included under Marshy land / Kole land. 5.5 and Figure 5.28. Dry Agriculture contribute an area Distribution of concentration - Index of Kole land use of 1616 sqkms and wet agriculture contribute an area of is shown in Figure 5.26 333.5 sqkms. The LSG wise break up of the agricultural land use is shown in Figure 5.29. 5.4.9 Other Land Use From the above analysis it is found that major Following land use of NREDB are grouped to contributor among various crops in Thrissur District is form the category Other Land use - Barren Rocky/ Stone coconut (42%), followed by mixed crops (25%), paddy waste/ sheet rock, Coastal Sand, Sands/ riverine/Flood (17%) and rubber (10%). Other crops contribute only plain, Beaches, Harbour / Port, Mining / Industrial waste 5.5%. So the agricultural land use is analyzed further land, Airport, Playground, Dam wall, Mining. Other Land considering these four main crops (Coconut, Mixed uses are spreaded near by coastal areas and in the North Crops, Paddy and Rubber). The breakup of the agricul- and Western region of the district. The concetration tural land use of Thrissur District considering these main pattern of Other land use is shown in Fig. 5.27. crops is shown in Table 5.6 , Figure 5.30 and Figure 5.31 Source: Census 2001 Fig 5.28 Break up of agricultural land use Thrissur Dist. Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
  • 16. 86 LANDUSE District Spatial Plan - Thrissur Fig 5.29 : LSG wise break up of agricultural land use Table 5.6 : Break up of Agricultural land use, Thrissur District, 2008 Major Land use Sub Land use Area SqKm. % Total% Coconut Coconut Dominant Mixed Crop 751.45 38.55 42.00 Coconut 65.8 3.38 Mixed Crop Mixed Crop 484.27 24.84 24.84 Paddy Paddy 333.49 17.11 17.11 Rubber Rubber 208.51 10.7 10.7 Others Perennial 54.37 2.79 5.42 Current Fallow 29.61 1.52 Land without scrub 9.23 0.47 Banana 1.97 0.10 Mixed trees 0.99 0.05 Plantation 9.31 0.48 Coffee 0.2 0.01 Arecanut 0.02 0.00 Banana Tapioca 0.09 0.00 Total 1949.31 100.00 100.00 Source: Census 2001 Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
  • 17. District Spatial Plan - Thrissur LANDUSE 87 Paddy Rubber Mixed Crop Others Coconut 5% Fig 5. 30: Break up of agricultural land use in to five classes Fig 5.31 : Spatial patterm of agricultural land use Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
  • 18. 88 LANDUSE District Spatial Plan - Thrissur 5.5.1 Concentration Pattern of Agriculture land one indicating poor land cover of coconut. use 5.5.1.2 Mixed crop The concentration pattern of Agricultural land use gives an idea about where that particular Agriculture is Figure 5.33 shows the distribution of the concen- concentrated. For major agriculture viz: Coconut, Mixed tration index of the mixed crop land use. From the fig- crop, Paddy and rubber - that dominant in Thrissur dis- ure it is clear that the high concentration of mixed crop trict are analyzed here. is found in LSGs located nearby main transportation corridors of the district. 5.5.1.1 Concentration Pattern of Coconut land use Considering the unique scattered or dispersed Figure 5.32 shows the distribution of the concen- settlement pattern prevailing in Kerala the LSGs located tration index of the coconut land use. From the figure it near by the major transportation corridors usually have is clear that the high concentration of coconut land use small land holdings together with built up land use Fig 5.32 : Distribution of concentration - Index of Coconut lying along Coastal belt, so we can say beach sand is which lead to mixed crop cultivation instead special- very supporting to enrichment of coconut and coconut ized single crop cultivation. In other words the urban dominant mixed crops. Second highest concentration and semi urban areas support mixed crop cultivation. of coconut is also lying neighboring LSGs of coastal belt. Highland areas have less concentration of Mixed crops. High and up land have concentration index less than Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
  • 19. District Spatial Plan - Thrissur LANDUSE 89 Fig 5.33: Distribution of concentration - Index of Mixed Crop Fig 5.34: Concentration pattern of Paddy lands Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
  • 20. 90 LANDUSE District Spatial Plan - Thrissur 5.5.1.3 Paddy upland areas have very poor concentration of paddy Figure 5.34 shows the distribution of the concen- lands. tration index of the Paddy land use. Highest concentra- 5.5.1.4 Rubber tion index of the paddy area is found in LSGs in mid and up land areas. It may be due to good drainage catch- Figure 5.35 shows the distribution of the con- ment area that support paddy cultivation. Coastal and centration index of the Rubber land use. North – East- Fig 5.35: Concentration pattern of Rubber Fig 5.36: Concentration Pattern of Agriculture Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
  • 21. District Spatial Plan - Thrissur LANDUSE 91 ern parts of the district have the highest concentration (Athirapalli and Puthoor) do not exhibit any of Rubber land use. Most of the LSGs on highland re- specialisation in agriculture activities. It may be due gions are showing a clear dominance to Rubber. As pro- the forest land cover of that LSGs. ceeding from highland area to low land area of the dis- 5.6.1 Major agriculture activities including Plan- trict value of concentration index of rubber is descend- tation ing. Coastal areas have very little concentration of Rub- ber. From the analysis of major agricultural activities it is found that two Grama Panchayats (Athirapalli and 5.6 MAJOR AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES Puthoor) do not exhibit any agriculture activities, but In the above paragraphs, the areas of concentra- as per real to ground scenario these areas are active in tion of the major agriculture land uses in the District is primary sector activities. Hence the analysis is further delineated taking land put to crops viz coconut, mixed extended including ‘others category’ especially for crop, paddy and rubber. By combining the concentra- Plantation. tion pattern of major agricultural land uses spatially and Figure 5.37 shows the distribution of the concen- by analyzing the resulting pattern, areas of major agri- tration index of the Plantation land use. Highest con- cultural (based on the existing land use) activity can be centration of plantation is Thrikkur area. Athirapalli, delineated. Varantharapalli, Thiruvilwamala and Pazhayaanoor are The area of specialization of each LSG of the dis- also showing clear dominant of Plantations. So it is clear trict against agriculture land use is given in Annexe 7. that Athirapalli have a clear land cover for plantations. Figure 5.36. shows the concentration pattern of all the Figure 5.38 shows the concentration of all the four major agriculture land uses together. From the fig- four major agriculture land uses together with planta- ure, the areas of Specialization can be delineated. From tion . From the figure, the areas of Specialization, based the figure it is found that only two Grama Panchayats on the agricultural land use analysis, can be delineated. Fig 5.37: Concentration Pattern of Plantations Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
  • 22. 92 LANDUSE District Spatial Plan - Thrissur Fig 5.38: Concentration Pattern of Agriculture Including Plantations Table 5.7: Grouping of land use classifications Sl land use Catagories grouped Major Land use No. 1 Non Agriculture (Urban Other builtup + Others+ land use) Residential ( Plot size <50 Scents 2 Agriculture Agri + Resi / Agri+Residential ( Plot size >50 Scents 3 Forest All components of Forest land use 4 Plantation All components of Plantation land use Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
  • 23. District Spatial Plan - Thrissur LANDUSE 93 The area of specialization of each LSGs of the district Athirapalli Grama Panchayat dominance of Plantation. against agriculture including plantation land use is given Still Puthoor show no dominance to any agricultural ac- in Annexe 7. From the figure and table it is found that tivities. Fig 5.39 a: The concentration pattern of Non- Agricultural land use Fig 5.39b: The concentration pattern of Agricultural land use Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
  • 24. 94 LANDUSE District Spatial Plan - Thrissur 5.7 ACTIVITY ZONES BASED LAND USE CONCENTRA- taking each land uses separately. By combining the con- TION PATTERN centration pattern of the major land uses spatially and In the previous sections, the areas of concentra- by analyzing the resulting pattern, activity pattern of tion of the major land uses in the District is delineated LSGs (based on the existing land use) can be evolved. Fig 5.39c: The concentration pattern of Forest land use Fig 5.39d: The concentration pattern of Plantations Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
  • 25. District Spatial Plan - Thrissur LANDUSE 95 In order to evolve the activity pattern the nine spectively. Based on the pattern, the activity of the LSGs categories of land uses are grouped into 4 categories is evolved as per the criteria shown in Table. 5.8 which are Non agricultural, Agricultural, Forest and Plan- Activity based on land use evolved based on the tation as given in Table 5.7. above criteria for each LSG is shown in The concentration index of these major land use Annexe - 8. The activity pattern based on the land use catogories is shown in Annexe - 7. The concentration is shown in Figure. 40. patterns are shown in Fig. 5.39a, 5.39b, 5.39c, 5.39d re- Table 5.8: Criteria for determination of activity based on Land use SI No Activity based on Land use Criteria 1. Urban CI* Urban > CI Agri / CI Plantation / CI Forest 2. Agricultural CI* Agri > CI Urban /CI Plantation 3. Plantation CI* Plantation > CI Forest /CI Urban / CI Agri 4. Forest` CI Forest > CI Plantation /CI Urban / CI Agri * CI - Concentration index of Urban Fig 5.40 Land use concentration pattern of LSGS Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
  • 26. 96 LANDUSE District Spatial Plan - Thrissur The analysis of land use concentration pattern whole District can be divided into four Activity zones shows that most of the plantation / forest activities are namely Agricultural, Non-Agricultural/Urban, Planta- concentrated on the highland region of the district. The tion, Plantation/Forest. The analysis of land use con- urban activity is found to be mainly concentrated in centration pattern shows that most of the plantation / coastal regions and along the major transportation cor- forest activities are concentrated on the highland re- ridors. The agricultural activities are predominantly con- gion of the district. The urban activity is found to be centrated in the midland region of the district. mainly concentrated in coastal regions and along the major transportation corridors. The agricultural activi- 5.8 INFERENCE ties are predominantly concentrated in the midland From the above details we can conclude that the region of the district. Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala < CONTENTS > CHAPTER 6 >>