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1. MULTITHREADED PEER - PEER
COMMUNICATION USING
DISTRIBUTED FRAMEWORKS
INTRODUCTION
Distributed computing is a science which solves a large problem by giving small
parts of the problem to many computers to solve and then combining the solutions
for the parts into a solution for the problem.
A type of computing in which a computational task is divided into subtasks that
execute on a collection of networked computers. The networks are general-
purpose networks (LANs, WANs, or the Internet) as opposed to dedicated cluster
interconnects
Computing systems in which services to users are provided by teams of computers
collaborating over a network. Distributed computing is a programming model in
which processing occurs in many different places (or nodes) around a network.
Processing can occur wherever it makes the most sense, whether that is on a
server, Web site, personal computer, handheld device, or other smart device.
Distributed computing or Distributed system is the process of aggregating the
power of several computing entities to collaboratively run a single computational
task in a transparent and coherent way, so that they appear as a single,
centralized system.
Peer-to-peer — an architecture where there is no special machine or machines
that provide a service or manage the network resources. Instead all responsibilities
are uniformly divided among all machines, known as peers.
A peer-to-peer (or P2P) computer network is a network that relies on the
computing power and bandwidth of the participants in the network rather than
concentrating it in a relatively few servers. P2P networks are typically used for
connecting nodes via largely ad hoc connections.
Such networks are useful for many purposes. Sharing content files containing
audio, video, data or anything in digital format is very common, and realtime data,
such as Telephony traffic, is also passed using P2P technology. The term "P2P
network" can also mean grid computing.
A pure peer-to-peer file transfer network does not have the notion of clients or
servers, but only equal peer nodes that simultaneously function as both "clients"
and "servers" to the other nodes on the network. This model of network
arrangement differs from the client-server model where communication is usually
to and from a central server.
A typical example for a non peer-to-peer file transfer is an FTP server. One user
uploads a file to the FTP server, then many others download it, with no need for
the uploader and downloader to be connected at the same time.

2. Some networks and channels, such as NAPSTER (now closed), OPENNAP, or
IRC, use a client-server structure for some tasks (e.g., searching) and a peer-to-
peer structure for others.
Networks such as GNUTELLA or FREENET use a peer-to-peer structure for all
purposes, and are sometimes referred to as true peer-to-peer networks, although
GNUTELLA is greatly facilitated by directory servers that inform peers of the
network addresses of other peers.
Distributed computing works by splitting up the larger task into smaller chunks
which can be performed at the same time independently of each other.
For example, say your task is in the form of a linear sequence of repeated steps,
where the result of the previous step is needed to perform the subsequent step.
This task is not appropriate to distribution. Only one step can be performed at a
time. The main strength of distributed computing is to harness the tons of idle time
of computers in the world. There are ways to keep the details secret, but from a
technical viewpoint, they are all doomed to failure.
AIM OR OBJECTIVE OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
The proposed system’s prime objective is to develop a software system, which will
have distributed file sharing system, which should handle the center point of failure
of the system in the case of single server NAPSTER architecture.
The proposed system will adopt a GNUTELLA - MULTIPLE SERVER
DISTRIBUTED MODEL, wherein even if one of the server is unavailable, the other
servers would substitute for the unavailable server by the databse replication.
Moreover the client use a Peer-peer network approach to enble direct
communication process without burdening of the server.
EXISTING SYSTEM
There are lots of file sharing software existing, but commonly used one is the
NAPSTER architecture.in NAPSTER architecture, a central directory server is
responsible for holding the addressability information of the connected
connected clients
The major demerit of the above system is that if the ventral server collapses,
then the entire network communication would collapse and come to a stand-still
To eliminate the above demerit, there arose another architecure called
GNUTELLA
PROPOSED SYSTEM ADVANTAGES
This GNUTELLA architecture consists of clients gets connected to one another,
where all the clients uses peer-peer communication. It will also use the
MULTIPLE server model which helps all the clients to use the centralized
server and accesses the database, along with peer-peer networks.
In this model, all the clients are connected to one another and can
communicate with one another with three servers and one client successfully
connects to either of them.

3. All the nodes demand increases in parallel with all the clients, including
bandwidth, storage space and computing power. Thus the total capacity of the
system also increases.
The distributed nature of peer-to-peer networks also increases robustness in
case of failures by replicating data over multiple peers, and in pure P2P systems
by enabling peers to find the data without relying on a centralized index server.
PROPOSED SYSTEM HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
HARDWARE
Processor - PIII or higher processor server and client
RAM - 128 MB or higher
HDD - 40 GB or higher
MONITOR - LG/SAMSUNG colour
FDD - 1.44 MB / Keyboard / Mouse / ATX Cabinet
SOFTWARE
OPERATING SYSTEM : WIN 2000 / WIN XP / WIN 98
SOFTWARE : JDK 1.3 OR HIGHER
NETWORK OS CLIENT : WINDOWS 98 Client
DATABASE : ORACLE 8i
ABOUT THE PROPOSED PROJECT
A popular solution is the "Distributed Computing" model, where the task is split
up into smaller chunks and performed by the many computers owned by the
general public. Computers spend a lot of their time doing nothing.
With the recent popularity of the Internet, distributed computing has become
popular. The technology behind distributed computing is old, where it is usually
known as parallel computing. When people speak of parallel computing, it is
usually in the context of a local group of computers, owned by the same person or
organization, with good links between nodes.
Distributed computing, bringing in computers owned by the general public over the
world. The key issues here are that the computing power that we don’t own is still
used.
IN OUR PROJECT
Files are stored in the client and not in the server. Only address ability
information in the server
Information about the client should be given before the client connection is
made.
The proposed system follows a MULTIPLE SERVER DISTRIBUTED MODEL
where there are 3 servers, and when a client can successfully, connects to
either of them, the respective session details and files they are sharing, are
recorded, in the server database

4. ADVANTAGES OF PEER - TO - PEER NETWORKS
An important goal in peer-to-peer networks is that all clients provide resources,
including bandwidth, storage space, and computing power.
Thus, as nodes arrive and demand on the system increases, the total capacity of
the system also increases.
This is not true of a client-server architecture with a fixed set of servers, in which
adding more clients could mean slower data transfer for all users. In the latter
case, there is no single point of failure in the system.
When the term peer-to-peer was used to describe the NAPSTER network, it
implied that the peer protocol nature was important, but, in reality, the great
achievement of NAPSTER was the empowerment of the peers (i.e., the fringes of
the network) in association with a central index, which made it fast and efficient to
locate available content. The peer protocol was just a common way to achieve this.
ASSUMPTIONS
1. The user knows the file name for the sharing concept
2. Clients, Servers, IP addresses and port numbers are pre-defined
3. The system should have minimum of three nodes
PROPOSED SYSTEM MODULES
A. SERVER MODULES
1. Client information
2. Client validation
3. Record the shared files
4. Files search result
5. Connection establishment with other servers
6. Client data updation
7. Active users list
8. Database replication
9. Shortest path simulation using DIJIKSTRA
B. CLIENT MODULES
1. Login authentication
2. Registration
3. File sharing list
4. Client file search request
5. File transfer
6. Account maintenance
7. Connection with other servers