The document discusses the history and production of organic and naturally colored cotton. It notes that India is a major producer of organic cotton and that production of colored cotton varieties in India, the US, Israel, China and other countries has increased in recent years due to environmental protection initiatives. Challenges in cultivating colored cotton include low yields, fiber quality issues and contamination of white cotton crops. Recent research has improved fiber quality and made colored cotton suitable for yarn spinning and textile production. However, efforts to commercialize colored cotton in India in the 1990s faced issues with market demand and producer pricing. The document outlines technical approaches to overcome quality problems and stabilize colorfastness during laundering.

1. Organic cotton India conventional cotton India Organic cotton World production

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3. ORGANIC COTTON SUSTAINABLE COTTON PROJECT

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5. World Organic Cotton Production 1992-1997 (in tons) 900 900 928 398 268 206 India 400 475 500 450 Greece 630 650 600 598 141 38 Egypt 5 5 1 9 2 Brazil 5 Benin 400 500 400 750 500 479 Australia 70 132 126 120 2 Argentina 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Country

6. World Organic Cotton Production 1992-1997 (in tons) 200 100 100 33 Tanzania 30 20 2 Turkey 650 1500 1516 924 700 400 Peru' 50 50 50 75 100 Paraguay 20 20 20 16 Nicaragua 50 90 90 Mozambique 50 100 100 Israel 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Country

7. World Organic Cotton Production 1992-1997 (in tons) 7967 9028 12864 9498 6201 3408 Total 5 Zimbabway 30 30 35 Zambia 2852 3396 7425 5365 4274 2155 USA 800 300 250 150 16 Uganda 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Country

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13. NATURALLY COLOURED COTTON COTTON THAT GROWS WITH NATURAL COLOURS DURING CULTIVATION BOTH WHITE AND COLOURED COTTONS KNOWN SINCE TIME IMEMORIAL IN INDIA

14. NON POPULARITY OF COLOURED COTTON LOW YIELD SEED AVAILABILITY LOW FINENESS, LOW STAPLE LENGTH LOW STRENGTH POOR SPINNABILITY LOW YARN AND FABRIC QUALITY LIMITED COLOUR RANGE CONTAMINATION OF WHITE COTTON

15. ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION WAVE IMPETUS TO THE CULTIVATION OF NATURALLY COLOURED COTTON SHADES PISTA GREEN AND ALMOND BROWN MOST COMMON OTHER SHADES CREAM PINK MAUVE COUNTRIES INDIA USA ISRAEL CHINA PERU

16. IMPORTANT ASPECTS EARLIER LOW FIBRE LENGTH, POOR SPINNABILITY YARN SPINNING OF 10 TO 12s COUNT RESEARCH INPUTS IMPROVED FIBRE QUALITY POSSIBLE TO SPIN YARNS OF 30 AND 40s COUNT SUITABLE FOR WEAVING AND KNITTING IMPORTANT OBSERVATIONS GREEN VARIETY TURNS BROWN IF NOT HARVESTED ON RIPENING BROWN VARIETY DARKENS WITH AGE AND EXPOSURE TO LIGHT GREEN AND BRWON DARKEN ON LAUNDERING NOT FAST TO BLEACHING

17. COTTON CORPORATION OF INDIA AND CENTRAL COTTON RESEARCH INSTITUTE NAGPUR 1996-97 INVESTMENT Rs. 80 LAKHS CULTIVATION OF COLOURED COTTON AT KHANDWA, MADHYA PRADESH DHARWAD, KARNATAKA PROJECT DID NOT SUCEED DUE TO POOR MARKET RESPONSE DEMAND OF HIGH PRICE BY FARMERS MAJOR PROBLEM CONTAMINATION OF WHITE COTTO FIELDS NECESSARY TO HAVE SEPARATE AREA FOR COLOUR COTTON CULTIVATION

18. MEANS TO OVERCOME TECHNICAL PROBLEMS LOW STRENGTH AND POOR SPINNABILITY BLENDING 30-50% OF WHITE COTTON WITH COLOURED COTTON CHANGE OF SHADE ON LAUNDERING ON LAUNDERING SHADE BECOMES DEEPER ALKALINE SCOURING STABILIZES THE SHADE CHANGE POOR BLEACHING FASTNESS DO NOT BLEACH

19. Dr. B.M. Khadi at the University of Agriculture Science Dharwad developed Brown, Green and cream coloured cotton Seeds available for cultivation Till 1960 coloured cotton grown in some parts of India was exported to Japan Coloured cotton is insect and desease resistant and also drought tolerent Innovation failed to take market place

20. The Cottton Project at the college of agriculture, Khandwa is engaged in research to boost the production and productivity of coloured cotton In 1996, the centre has been successful in developing a variety of cotton which produces seed cotton having natural almond brown colour (JCC-1). There is a vast scope in this direction as such a genotypes will avoid the use of synthetic dyes the demand of organically grown cotton is increasing very fast. Some more colours are being developed

21. Rocklea spinning Mills in collaboration with Australian farmers introduced range of yarns from brown and green varieties of cotton Blending of coloured cotton with white cotton in diffferent proporations produce shade varieties Australia

22. In Australia, Jeff & Marilyn Bidstrup, pioneered Australian coloured cotton, When blended, this cotton produces a beautiful "Sand Dune" colour, ideal for our first EcoDownUnder towels. The Bidstrups are leading the industry with Landcare Australia awards and minimising their impact on the environment through "dry land farming" rather than irrigating. Environmental management by rotating cotton crops every 3 seasons and no harsh chemicals applied to their land for over 3 years has seen yields become some of the highest in the industry.