Moving from user centred thinking to system thinking
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User-centred thinking has done the design community proud. However, whilst its laser beam focus on the user is an undoubted strength, it does sometimes mean that the wider user eco-system is not always considered. I'm going to introduce system thinking (also known as service design). System thinking is a way to not only consider the user but the wider system in which a user interacts with a service or product. Think of it as user-centred design 2.0! This is a presentation that I gave at a SynchHerts meetup (http://www.meetup.com/SyncHerts/) on 7th Aug 2014.
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Moving from user centred thinking to system thinking
- 2. WHAT IS USER-CENTRED THINKING? www.uxforthemasses.com | @neilturnerux
- 3. www.uxforthemasses.com | @neilturnerux “Needs, wants, and limitations of end users of a product, or service are given extensive attention at each stage of the design process” Wikipedia
- 4. User-centred product or service Some design related stuff More design related stuff… Even more design related stuff… User centred design www.uxforthemasses.com | @neilturnerux
- 5. http://blogote.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/yes-baby-recruited.png User-centred design f***king rocks man… www.uxforthemasses.com | @neilturnerux
- 8. http://comaround.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/socila-network.jpg www.uxforthemasses.com | @neilturnerux Introducing system thinking… (and service design)
- 9. http://ak9.picdn.net/shutterstock/videos/6548240/preview/stock-footage-clapper-board-on-green-screen.jpg A lot like the movies (bear with me) www.uxforthemasses.com | @neilturnerux
- 10. http://luxurytravel.info/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/family-vacation.jpg Booking a summer holiday (the story) www.uxforthemasses.com | @neilturnerux
- 11. The actors www.uxforthemasses.com | @neilturnerux
- 12. Holidaymaker Travel agents Friends & family Call centre staff Website team Mobile team Marketing team Other travellers The interplay / relationships www.uxforthemasses.com | @neilturnerux
- 13. Print advertising Mobile site / app Brochure Travel agent 3rd party travel agent Travel website Telephone Website Email The scenes / Touchpoints TV advert www.uxforthemasses.com | @neilturnerux
- 14. Highstreet Website Mobile site Telephone Brochure Pick up brochures Browse holidays Search holidays Shortlist holidays Book holiday Get holiday money Ask query The sequence of events www.uxforthemasses.com | @neilturnerux
- 15. SERVICE DESIGN TOOLS www.uxforthemasses.com | @neilturnerux
- 16. http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-EI6F83SS6JY/TvGoJc97fLI/AAAAAAAAAU0/XBMBRuG-McI/s1600/MBA_Helen_services.jpg A system map visually shows the different actors and artefacts, and the relationships between them. www.uxforthemasses.com | @neilturnerux System map
- 17. http://servicedesigntools.org/sites/default/files/res_images/58299511_2bcff18db2_b.jpg Example Flickr system map www.uxforthemasses.com | @neilturnerux
- 18. www.uxforthemasses.com | @neilturnerux Experience map An experience map shows a customer’s end to end journey across multiple touchpoints in the pursuit of a goal
- 19. At each stage of the customer’s journey… www.uxforthemasses.com | @neilturnerux
- 20. http://hello.boagworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/personas1.png www.uxforthemasses.com | @neilturnerux Personas are fictional characters that represent the different actors within a system. They are fictional but should be based on fact. Personas
- 21. Some service design resources www.servicedesigntoolkit.orgwww.servicedesigntools.org http://library.ac4d.com Service Design - From Insight to Implementation (Book) www.uxforthemasses.com | @neilturnerux Adaptive Path’s guide to experience mapping (free eBook)
- 22. http://www.retreatbyrandomhouse.ca/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Cat-reading1.jpg “In an increasingly complex world we must take a holistic view to create truly exception user experiences. Meow” A very wise cat www.uxforthemasses.com | @neilturnerux
Notas del editor
- Open up to the audience – what is user-centred thinking?
- If we look at user-centred design Wikipedia (the fountain of all knowledge) defines user-centred design as…
- We carry out some design related stuff, could be research, actual design or getting feedback from users We think USERS, USERS, USERS
- Which is absolutely as it should be Don’t think I’m here to knock user-centred design as it’s not only great, it keeps me gainfully employed But it can sometimes be a little bit blinkered
- When we focus, focus, focus on the user it can often feel a little bit like this… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JkrGOhLJuhY We only see the user’s perspective and their side of the story We become so preoccupied with THE USER that we forget about all the other stuff that is going on We lose sight of the bigger picture…
- Of course we need to focus on the user, but we also need to consider the bigger picture We need to embrace the chaos and complexity of the real world so that we have something that feels more like this… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QYTqhmzROko
- Which is where system thinking and service design comes in… System thinking and service design is about looking at the bigger picture Its considering the wider eco-system that our users, product and service inhabit Its taking a holistic view, not just solely being focused on the user
- Because designing a product or service is a lot like writing a movie (bear with me) Think about a favourite movie, chances are there are lots of different characters, stories, locations, scenes and so on… As a filmmaker you have to think about all this different stuff going on and how it all fits together as a coherent story The same is exactly true of designing a great product or service You need to take a holistic view, consider all the different stuff going on and how it all fits together to deliver an exceptional user experience
- Lets take a family booking their summer holiday as an example This is a story that hopefully should be familiar to you Its one that I can also confidently talk about having spent the last 3 years working in travel
- If we take a purely user-centred thinking approach then surely we would pretty much only focus on our primary user – the holidaymakers But hang on, what about the other actors involved? What about the travel agents that provide advice, and guidance The friends and family that might recommend possible destinations The head office staff that provide the content for the holiday website Even within our holidaymaker family we’ve got different people to consider
- It’s worth also considering the different relationships in action that can impact the service A bit like the intertwining stories within a movie For example, a holiday maker might have separate dealing with a travel agent, call centre operator and website This sort of multi-channel experience is becoming increasingly prevalent They might read reviews and ratings online that other travelers have posted or ask friends & family for advice
- We should also consider the different touchpoints These can be viewed a bit like different scenes in a movie They show different points of contact that a user might have with a product or service For example, a holiday maker might use a brochure, open an email, visit a travel agent in the high street and so on…
- Finally we should consider the sequence of events Not just for one particular interaction, but holistically across the whole experience For example a mum might visit the high street to pick up some brochures Often we focus on just one of these interactions, perhaps searching for a holiday, or booking a holiday But if we are to provide a truly great user experience we need to take this more holistic view
- As I’ve mentioned service design expands on UCD to consider the wider people, infrastructure, communication and components that make up a service I thought that I would quickly run through 3 service design tools that can help with system thinking
- Tool number 1 is a system map Typically starting with your main customers in the middle Sketch out all the different actors and artefacts and map out the different relationships Can be useful to collaboratively create a system map Very useful for thinking about all the different elements in play The different touchpoints and the scope and nature of the product or service
- Can see system map very similar to a domain model For new products and services sometimes also called a concept map
- Sometimes called a customer experience map Shows the customers end to end journey, a bit like their scenes in a movie Might have multiple experience maps for different customers Can create an experience map for an existing service, or more usually for designing a new service
- At each step outline… Goal, touchpoint, activities, thinking, feeling, pain points, needs Try to focus on what customers do, not necessarily how they do it Good to create experience map with those close to the research and then validate with stakeholders
- Personas represent the different actors within your system They are fictional characters, but should be based on fact Personas can be used as design tool and to communicate information about your users Whilst UCD might typically only consider a few primary personas When expanded to the whole system will typically have more
- Service design is an emerging area Here are some useful books and online tools I’ll make sure the slides are online and send out the link to the group
- Hope you’ve found that useful If you only take one thing away then consider these words from wise cat Thank you…