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UNIT 3 Monitoring/changing /stopping Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy (HAART) and drug interactions:
UNIT 3: Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Monitoring Antiretroviral Therapy
Monitoring ART  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Clinical Monitoring ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Clinical Monitoring ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Clinical Monitoring: Indicators of Treatment Success  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Laboratory Monitoring of ART  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Laboratory Monitoring of ART  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Laboratory Monitoring of ART: CD4 Count ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Laboratory Monitoring of ART: Viral Load ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lab Tests: Monitoring For Toxicity  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lab tests: Follow up ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Summary Schedule of Laboratory Monitoring X X 1 X (if on TDF) X X 6m X X X Fasting lipids & glucose (PIs) X X X X  (if on NVP) X  (if on NVP) X ALT(LFT) X 1 X 1 X 1 X 1 X 1 X Pregnancy test X  (if on TDF X (if on TDF) X  (if on TDF X (if on TDF) X (if on TDF) X Serum Creatinine X X X X  (if on AZT) X  (if on AZT) X CBC + Differential X X X X CD4 24m 18m 12m 3m 1-2 months Baseline Test
[object Object]
Three Main Reasons for Altering a Patient’s Regime: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1. Drug Toxicity and Intolerance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Guidelines   When to stop/change I ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Common “Mild” SE’s ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Common “Mild” SE’s ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Rare, potentially serious SE’s ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A Rational Approach to the Management of Serious Side Effects Refer to “The National Clinical Manual for ARV Providers”
Rash ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study - Rash ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hepatotoxicity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study - Hepatotoxicity ,[object Object],[object Object]
Continued… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Haematotoxicity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study - Haematotoxicity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Peripheral Neuropathy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case Study - Neuropathy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Continued… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pancreatitis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
First line ARV regimens  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
First line ARV regimens ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
First line ARV regimens  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
First line ARV regimens ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2. Drug Interactions It is not possible to remember all the possible drugs interactions with ARV’s Refer to “The National ARV Guidelines”
Main Problems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A.  Blood levels of ARV’s  Increased or Decreased ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TB Drugs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
B. Drugs which are made  Ineffective by ARV’s  ,[object Object],[object Object]
C.  Additive Toxicities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
D. Incompatible ARV’s ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Minimizing Drug Interactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3. Treatment Failure Refer to “The National Clinical Manual for ARV Providers”
Diagnosing Treatment Failure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Diagnosing Treatment Failure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Diagnosing Treatment Failure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Immune reconstitution Inflammatory syndrome ,[object Object],[object Object]
CAUSES OF FAILURE OF ART: INFLUENCE OF FOOD ON ART ABSORPTION Drug Fasting Low High Recommen- fat meal fat meal dation Indinavir + + - Fasting Indinavir+Ritovinar) + + + None Nelfinavir - + + Meal Amprinavir + + - No High fat meal Navirapine + + + None Delavaridine + - - Fasting Efavirenz + + + none
CAUSES OF FAILURE OF ART: Pill Burden
CAUSES OF ART FAILURE: ADRs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],AZT – Gastritis Anemia & Hepatitis d4T – Peripheral  neuropathy NVP - Skin rash Hepatitis SJS PI - Lipodystrophy Renal failure Hepatitis We have not encountered lactic acidosis or Osteopenia/osteoporosis
 
CAUSES OF ART FAILURE: CONCOMITANT MEDICATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CAUSES OF ART FAILURE: CONCOMITANT MEDICATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Recommended second-line regimens in adults and adolescents for treatment failure on first-line ARV regimens ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Changing to 2 nd  line Regime ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Module 8   nutrition and hiv 2Module 8   nutrition and hiv 2
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Module 4 hiv infection & art in children
Module 4 hiv infection & art in childrenModule 4 hiv infection & art in children
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Participants workbook
Participants workbookParticipants workbook
Participants workbook
 
Participants notes
Participants notesParticipants notes
Participants notes
 
Indicators manual
Indicators manualIndicators manual
Indicators manual
 
Facilitators workbook
Facilitators workbookFacilitators workbook
Facilitators workbook
 
Facilitators guide
Facilitators guideFacilitators guide
Facilitators guide
 

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02.03 adult art monitoring, changing gsn

  • 1. UNIT 3 Monitoring/changing /stopping Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy (HAART) and drug interactions:
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  • 14. Summary Schedule of Laboratory Monitoring X X 1 X (if on TDF) X X 6m X X X Fasting lipids & glucose (PIs) X X X X (if on NVP) X (if on NVP) X ALT(LFT) X 1 X 1 X 1 X 1 X 1 X Pregnancy test X (if on TDF X (if on TDF) X (if on TDF X (if on TDF) X (if on TDF) X Serum Creatinine X X X X (if on AZT) X (if on AZT) X CBC + Differential X X X X CD4 24m 18m 12m 3m 1-2 months Baseline Test
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  • 22. A Rational Approach to the Management of Serious Side Effects Refer to “The National Clinical Manual for ARV Providers”
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  • 38. 2. Drug Interactions It is not possible to remember all the possible drugs interactions with ARV’s Refer to “The National ARV Guidelines”
  • 39.
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  • 46. 3. Treatment Failure Refer to “The National Clinical Manual for ARV Providers”
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51. CAUSES OF FAILURE OF ART: INFLUENCE OF FOOD ON ART ABSORPTION Drug Fasting Low High Recommen- fat meal fat meal dation Indinavir + + - Fasting Indinavir+Ritovinar) + + + None Nelfinavir - + + Meal Amprinavir + + - No High fat meal Navirapine + + + None Delavaridine + - - Fasting Efavirenz + + + none
  • 52. CAUSES OF FAILURE OF ART: Pill Burden
  • 53.
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  • 59.

Notas del editor

  1. X1: If clinically indicated Serum Creatinine not needed for standard 1 st line; required more regularly in patients on TDF. Red X are for tests necessitated by those particular drugs. Most patients can be adequately monitored 6 monthly and as clinically indicated
  2. Average CD4 count rise