1. Management and Governance of
Open Data Initiatives
UNDESA and ITU – Future Government: A Global
Perspective in Connection to Open Government Data
and Citizen Engagement – Geneva, May 16th 2012
Dr. Matthias Stürmer,
Senior Consultant Ernst & Young

2. My perspectives on open data
• Fan: Founding board member of Swiss OGD association Opendata.ch
• Lobbyist: Secretary of Parliamentarian Group for Digital Sustainability
• Politician: Parliament member of the City of Bern
• Advisor: Senior Consultant at Ernst & Young
• Former researcher: PhD at ETH Zurich on open source communities
• Former programmer: Co-founder of two Internet startups
Dr. Matthias Stürmer
Phone: +41 58 286 61 97
Mobile: +41 58 289 61 97
Email: matthias.stuermer@ch.ey.com
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3. Agenda
1. Observations from the Swiss open data movement
2. Comparing open data initiatives to open source projects
3. How to govern open data projects
• Appendix: Swiss Parliamentarian Group for Digital Sustainability
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4. Milestones Swiss Open Data Movement
July 2010: First meeting June 2011: Opendata.ch conference Sept 2011: Hackdays
December 2011: Parliamentarian„s dinner and manifest January 2012: Association Opendata.ch founded
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5. Swiss Open Data Hacking Events
• First Swiss OGD Hackdays on September 30/October 1, 2012 in Zürich and Lausanne
• Hackday on March 30/31, 2012 in Zürich and Geneva on the topic of mobility
• First OGD Hackday in Bern on April 27, 2012 on various topics
• Hackday on September 28/29, 2012 in Basel and Geneva on the topic of health
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6. Open Data Hackday in Bern, April 27th 2012
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7. Open Budget App on Expenses of the City of Bern
Source:
http://t.preus.se/bernbudget2012
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8. Not comparable to the New York Times App…
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9. Agenda
1. Observations from the Swiss open data movement
2. Comparing open data initiatives to open source projects
3. How to govern open data projects
• Appendix: Swiss Parliamentarian Group for Digital Sustainability
Management and Governance of Open Government Data Initiatives Seite 9

10. OGD and OSS on the Technology Hype Cycle
OGD
OSS
Source: Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hype_cycle
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11. OGD Communities Compared to OSS Communities
Open Data Initiatives Open Source Projects Comments
Different: Long way to
Hype Cycle „Peak of Inflated Expectations“ „Plateau of Productivity“
go for OGD
1. Individuals 1. Individuals Similar: Both top-down
Initialization 2. Foundations 2. Companies and bottom-up
3. Public Administrations 3. Public Administrations approaches possible
Equal: Heterogenic mix
Motivation Intrinsic to extrinsic Intrinsic to extrinsic
of motivation
1. Data Knowhow Similar: Mostly
1. Programming
Required Skills 2. Programming
2. GUI Design
technology-driven
3. Design communities
Different: OGD has more
Much local development with Much global development with
Development lots of physical meetings few physical meetings
local solutions, OSS has
more global solutions
Similar: Distributed
Mostly independent foundations Mostly independent foundations
Governance sponsored by public funds sponsored by IT companies
power of decision
making
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12. Agenda
1. Observations from the Swiss open data movement
2. Comparing open data initiatives to open source projects
3. How to govern open data projects
• Appendix: Swiss Parliamentarian Group for Digital Sustainability
Management and Governance of Open Government Data Initiatives Seite 12

13. Motivation is Key for Community Governance
• Loss of control through publishing data and source code
• Voluntary initiatives are governed through incentivizing groups and individuals
• 10 different reasons for individuals to contribute to open source software projects:
Intrinsic Motivation 1. Ideology
Enjoyment- or obligation-based incentives
2. Altruism
3. Kinship
4. Fun
Internalized Extrinsic Motivation 5. Reputation
Non-monetary incentives
6. Reciprocity
7. Learning
8. Own-use
Extrinsic Motivation 9. Career
Monetary incentives
10. Pay
Source:
G. F. von Krogh, S. Haefliger, S. Spaeth, M. W. Wallin “Open Source Software: a Review of Motivations to Contribute”
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14. Open Data Players in German Speaking Area
Government and Public Administration
National AT Regional CH Local
government government government
DE
Single Point
of Orientation Policy
APIs making
Bottom-Up Bottom-Up
Studies Competitions
Top-Down Conferences
Swiss
OGD Manifest
Civil Society
DE Open Data CH
Hackdays Local meetings
Network AT
Opendata.ch
OKFN
Web Portals
Germany OGD Austria
Digital
Government OGD Apps Sustainability
2.0 Network open3
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15. Still at the beginning in 2012
Tim Berners-Lee at TED University in 2010:
"We have only just started."
Source: „Tim Berners-Lee: The year open data went worldwide “
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3YcZ3Zqk0a8
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16. Agenda
1. Observations from the Swiss open data movement
2. Comparing open data initiatives to open source projects
3. How to govern open data projects
• Appendix: Swiss Parliamentarian Group for Digital Sustainability
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17. Parliamentarian Group for Digital Sustainability
Co Presidents
Edith Graf-Litscher Christian Wasserfallen
National Councilor of National Councilor of
Social Democratic Party Liberals Party
Core Team
Balthasar Glättli Kathy Riklin
National Councilor of National Councilor of
Green Party Christian Democratic
People's Party
Thomas Weibel
National Councilor of
Green Liberal Party Blog, members, policy recommendations:
www.digitale-nachhaltigkeit.ch
www.durabilite-numerique.ch
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18. Members of the Parliamentarian Group
1. Alec von Graffenried, Nationalrat Grüne Kt. Bern 16. Kathrin Bertschy, Nationalrätin GLP Kt. Bern
2. Barbara Schmid-Federer, Nationalrätin CVP Kt. Zürich 17. Liliane Maury Pasquier, Ständerätin SP Kt. Genf
3. Brigitte Häberli-Koller, Nationalrätin CVP Kt. Thurgau 18. Louis Schelbert, Nationalrat Grüne Kt. Luzern
4. Carlo Sommaruga, Nationalrat SP Kt. Genf 19. Luc Recordon, Ständerat Grüne Kt. Waadt
5. Cédric Wermuth, Nationalrat SP Kt. Aargau 20. Lukas Reimann, Nationalrat SVP Kt. St. Gallen
6. Claude Janiak, Ständerat SP Kt. Basel-Landschaft 21. Maja Ingold, Nationalrätin EVP Kt. Zürich
7. Evi Allemann, Nationalrätin SP Kt. Bern 22. Maria Roth-Bernasconi , Nationalrätin SP Kt. Genf
8. Felix Gutzwiller, Ständerat FDP Kt. Zürich 23. Marianne Streiff-Feller, Nationalrätin EVP Kt. Bern
9. Francine John-Calame, Nationalrätin Grüne Kt. Neuenburg 24. Matthias Aebischer, Nationalrat SP Kt. Bern
10. Franziska Teuscher, Nationalrätin Grüne Kt. Bern 25. Peter Malama, Nationalrat FDP Kt. Basel-Stadt
11. Geri Müller, Nationalrat Grüne Kt. Aargau 26. Philipp Hadorn, Nationalrat SP Kt. Solothurn
12. Hans Altherr, Ständerat FDP Kt. Appenzell Ausserrhoden 27. Raphaël Comte, Ständerat FDP Kt. Neuenburg
13. Hugues Hiltpold, Nationalrat FDP Kt. Genf 28. Sylvia Flückiger-Bäni, Nationalrat SVP Kt. Aargau
14. Ignazio Cassis, Nationalrat FDP Kt. Tessin 29. Thomas Aeschi, Nationalrat SVP Kt. Zug
15. Jacqueline Badran, Nationalrätin SP Kt. Zürich 30. Yvonne Gilli, Nationalrätin Grüne Kt. St. Gallen
• 14% of the Swiss Parliament are members of the
Parliamentarian Group for Digital Sustainability
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19. Previous policy recommendations
1. Freie Veröffentlichung von digitalen Kartografiedaten der swisstopo
07.12.2009 – Frage 09.5644 – Christian Wasserfallen
2. Open Source – auch für Meteodaten
18.06.2010 – Interpellation 10.3602 – Kathy Riklin
3. Aktueller Stand von Open Government Data in der Schweiz
02.03.2011 – Frage 11.5039 – Edith Graf-Litscher
4. Potenzial von Open Government Data in der Schweiz
02.03.2011 – Frage 11.5040 – Edith Graf-Litscher
5. E-Government und Open Government Data
12.04.2011 – Interpellation 11.3346 – Christian Wasserfallen
6. Anwendung des Öffentlichkeitsgesetzes
13.04.2011 – Interpellation 11.3358 – Edith Graf-Litscher
7. Open Government Data. Wie weiter?
14.04.2011 – Interpellation 11.3445 – Kathy Riklin
8. Digitale Nachhaltigkeit in der Strategie des Bundesrates für eine Informationsgesellschaft in der Schweiz
14.04.2011 – Interpellation 11.3380 – Thomas Weibel
9. Öffnung der Datenbestände des Bundes. Open Government Data
28.09.2011 – Motion 11.3871 – Edith Graf-Litscher
10. Masterplan für Open Government Data
29.09.2011 – Postulat 11.3902 – Kathy Riklin
11. Open Government Data als strategischer Schwerpunkt im E-Government
29.09.2011 – Postulat 11.3884 – Christian Wasserfallen
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