Bowel cancer can occur in the small or large bowel (also known as the small or large intestine). Technically, colorectal cancer is cancer of the large bowel, but it's often referred to simply as bowel cancer. This article discusses cancer of the large bowel.

1. Bowel cancer / colorectal cancer / colon cancer
surgery India- an overview.
Index of the topics
* Definition of bowel cancer
* Relationship between bowel cancer and nutrition
* Dietary Fiber Alone Is Inconsistently Associated with Colorectal
Cancer
* what causes bowel cancer
* Surgery
* 'blocking' bowel cancer
* Reducing Red Meats Appears to Reduce the Risk of Colorectal
Cancer
* Chemotherapy for Bowel Cancer Patients
* Bottom Line
* Other Factors Associated with Colorectal Cancer Risk
* Medical tourism / health tourism
Definition of bowel cancer
Bowel cancer can occur in the small or large bowel (also known as
the small or large intestine). Technically, colorectal cancer is cancer
of the large bowel, but it's often referred to simply as bowel cancer.
This article discusses cancer of the large bowel.
Since bowel cancer can grow for years without causing any
symptoms, it's best to get regular colon cancer screenings. But,
knowing what to look out for can't hurt. Examples of bowel cancer
symptoms include thin stools, stomach cramping, bright red blood on
your poop; unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and feeling like you have
to "go" when you don't.
Being age 50 or older is the number one risk factor for bowel cancer
Generally, people are too late to go to a doctor and the key to
successful treatment - in the early diagnosis. If you have any of bowel
cancer symptoms, then you should visit your doctor as soon as
possible.

2. Relationship between bowel cancer and nutrition
Colon and rectum neoplasms most occur in the economically
developed countries, owing to the peculiarities of food, lack of content
of plant tissue and toxins in the diet.
There is a direct link between the content of fat and animal protein in
the diet and the level of incidence of colon cancer. This relationship
mediated through the bacterial flora colon, which, with excess dietary
of fat and animal protein, producing carcinogenic substances. It was
also established that it is possible to reduce production of those
substances by activating the enzyme produced in the
small intestine. Enzyme activity increased by the
number of products (turnip, cabbage), as well as
antioxidants (vitamins E, C, etc.). Braking
carcinogenesis also contributed by using of products
containing high amount of fiber (pectin, lignin, bran).
The effect is achieved primarily by reducing
concentrations of carcinogens by increasing the
volume of intestinal contents.
Thus, although there is no direct evidence that a diet
may increase or decrease the likelihood of colon
cancer, oncologists recommend reducing the amount
of dietary fats and oils, but increase consumption of fresh fruits,
vegetables and breads gross.
Practically all forms of bowel cancer start with benign neoplasms,
but may be regenerate in a malignant mucosa, and they usually do
not cause any noticeable bowel cancer symptoms.
Dietary Fiber Alone Is Inconsistently Associated
with Colorectal Cancer
Despite the findings of a variety of epidemiological studies, which
have shown a reduction in risk associated with greater dietary fiber
intake, such findings have not been consistent nor have they been
particularly strong when present. It is possible that the protective
effect of more dietary fiber requires a much longer time frame than

3. the follow-up period of the studies that have failed to find a strong
association. It is also difficult to accurately measure nutrient intake
over a prolonged period of time, which makes it more difficult to
correlate diet with colorectal cancer. Alternatively, it is possible that
something other than dietary fiber from fruits, vegetables and whole
grains may be considerably more important in promoting or protecting
people from developing ademotamous polyps and adenomas.
What causes bowel cancer
Why is that a person develops cancer, usually it is not clear. There
are lots of factors. There is a link to cancer of the bowel polyps -
small innocent tumors mucosa colon. The likelihood of colon cancer
increased if:
* Parents, brothers or sisters suffered from this disease
* There are colon polyps
* Parents, brothers or sisters have poliopy colon
* Rare disease diagnosed - Family adenomatous polyposis colon
Cancer
* For a long time (more than 10 years) takes nonspecific ulcerative
Colitis or Crohn’s disease.
Beware of alcohol and cigarettes, they can cause bowel cancer,
says a new study.
A new global study has shown that people who consume large
quantities of alcohol (seven drinks per week) have a 60 percent
greater risk of developing the cancer, compared to others.
Professors at the George Institute, who led the study, said the most
startling finding was "the strong, and largely, unknown association
between high intakes of alcoholic beverages with risk of colorectal
(bowel) cancer."
`Most people probably know that being overweight and having poor
dietary habits are risk factors for the disease, but most are probably
unaware that other lifestyle risk factors such as alcohol consumption,
cigarette smoking and diabetes are also important culprits, Smoking,
obesity and diabetes were also associated with a 20 percent greater

4. risk of developing bowel cancer - the same risk linked with
consuming high intake of red and processed meat.
One million new cases of bowel cancer are diagnosed worldwide
every year. The disease claims more than half of them. It should be
very well kept in mind that individuals should not be drinking more
than two standard drinks per day.
On a positive note, researchers also demonstrated that physical
activity lowered an individual’s risk of the disease but surprisingly,
there was little evidence to indicate that high intakes of fruit and
vegetables protected from bowel cancer.
Surgery
The most common bowel cancer treatment is surgery.
The surgeon removes the tumor and surrounding lymph nodes guts.
This is necessary to prevent the spread of tumors. Typically, the
surgeon removes the part of colon and connects formed ends with
each other. When this is impossible, intestine is being exteriorized on
the front abdominal wall. In most cases, this is only the first stage of
operation; in the second phase the ends of intestine are connected
with each other, restoring the continuity of intestinal tubes and normal
way of allocating stool. However, approximately 10% of patients are
living with withdrawn intestine.
Sometimes, after the surgery, radiotherapy (radiation) or
chemotherapy (anti-cancer drugs) is appointed to destroy the
remaining cancer cells.
Treatment success depends largely on the characteristics of an
organism, bowel cancer symptoms and the timing of diagnosis of
cancer. If the cancer does not extend beyond the intestine, the
chances of survival are 99%. They are reduced to 85% if invasion to
the wall occurred, up to 66% - with the involvement of local lymph
nodes and up to 35% - in the distribution to distant lymph nodes.

5. 'blocking' bowel cancer
The removal of a cell "switch" in mice stopped growth of lesions in the
bowel that can turn cancerous with time. Cells have receptors that
can be turned on and off to control different processes in the body.
A receptor called PPARdelta is thought to be important for the
development of tag-like lesions of bowel tissue called polyps. Bowel
polyps are generally harmless but can become cancerous with time,
leading to full-blown bowel cancer. A hormone-like substance
called prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has also been linked to the
development of polyps and bowel cancer. When investigated the
relationship of these receptors and substances in mice. They bred
mice with a certain genetic mutation that made them prone to
developing polyps in the bowel. When these mice were exposed to
PGE2 they had many more polyps than they normally would have.
The scientists then mated these mice with mice that lacked a gene for
PPARdelta. The offspring would then be able to develop polyps but
these polyps would not contain any PPARdelta receptor, they
reasoned. When these mice were exposed to PGE2 they had the
usual number of polyps. This shows PPARdelta is important for
PGE2 to encourage polyp growth and, therefore, cancer growth.
"Genetic or familial cancers are particularly challenging and require
as much research as possible to improve the long term survival for
these specific patients."
Colon along with the rectum is called the large intestine. Cancers
affecting either of these organs also may be called colorectal
cancer. Most colorectal cancers arise in the sigmoid colon which is
the portion just above the rectum. They usually start in the innermost
layer and can grow through some or all of the several tissue layers
that make up the colon and rectum. Most colorectal cancers grow
slowly over a period of several years, often beginning as small benign
growths called polyps. Removing these polyps early, before they
become malignant, is an effective means of preventing colorectal
cancer

6. The role of hereditary factors has been evaluated in a few studies.
Some studies have reported the occurrence of both FAP and HNPCC
in India. There are no Indian studies on large bowel cancer
prevention. The prevalence of adenomas is rare in elderly Indians
undergoing colonoscopy, even in those with large bowel cancers.
Small bowel cancers are extremely rare. Hospital-based data
suggest that lymphomas of small bowel are more common than
carcinomas. In conclusion, the incidence of large and small bowel
adenomas and cancers is low in Indians. Increase in the incidence of
large bowel cancers in immigrants and urban Indians compared to
rural populations supports a role for environmental risk factors
including diet. High rates of rectal cancers in young Indians could
suggest a different etiopathogenesis, which is neither inherited nor
traditional diet-related.
Reducing Red Meats Appears to Reduce the Risk
of Colorectal Cancer
So why is the incidence of colorectal cancer only 1/8 as common in
India as the U.S.? In India, much of the population is Hindu and cattle
are considered sacred. As a result, India has one of the lowest
intakes of red meat of any country. Indeed, all countries where the
intake of colorectal cancer is low also have a low intake of red
meats. It is unlikely that it is the saturated fat content of the meat that
is promoting colorectal cancer because the Fins eat more saturated
fat than all of the highest risk countries (due to a heavy intake of dairy
products). Meat contains a substance called creatine. At high
temperatures, creatine reacts with amino acids to form heterocyclic
aromatic amines, which are potent carcinogens. Sausages and other
cured meats are commonly consumed in Germany, Austria, Poland
and the Czech Republic. These contain nitrites, which reacts with
amino acids to form nitrosamines, another class of cancer-causing
chemicals. Indeed, a large epidemiological study found an
association between red meat intake and the incidence of colorectal
cancer.
The research linking an increased intake of red meat to colorectal
cancer is stronger and more consistent than research suggesting

7. that a diet with less fat or more fiber from fruits, vegetables and whole
grains reduces the risk of colorectal cancer. It may be that there are
carcinogens and/or cancer promoting substances in fatty red meats.
Of course, even if there was conclusive evidence that an increased
intake of fruits, vegetables and whole grains does not reduce the risk
of colorectal cancer, this does not mean these foods should not be
recommended to people at risk for colorectal cancer. An increased
intake of fruits and vegetables does help prevent cardiovascular
disease. And even if cutting back on red meats and processed and
cured meats is proven to not promote colorectal cancer such foods
still may promote cardiovascular and other diseases. There is no
doubt that a more vegetarian diet with less red meat, saturated fat,
salt, cholesterol and refined sugar and grains reduces the risk of
cardiovascular disease and may help prevent obesity, diabetes, and
several other types of cancer. Even if cutting back on red meats is
never proven to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer there is already
more than even scientific evidence to recommend most people cut
back on red meats and particularly processed meats like sausages,
hot dogs, bacon and bologna.
Chemotherapy for Bowel Cancer Patients
Fish Oil Eases Chemotherapy for Bowel Cancer Patients
A recent trial of fish oil bowel cancer patients at Sydney Hospital in
Australia found that fish oil not only helped alleviate malnutrition and
maintain their weight, but also made it easier to tolerate
chemotherapy treatment: Scientists at Concord Hospital say that in a
trial, bowel cancer patients who took fish oil with Omega 3 fatty
acids respond better to chemotherapy. Professor Stephen Clarke
says cancers produce inflammatory markers in some patients that
cause problems in the ability to tolerate chemotherapy. They also
cause malnutrition. But he says the anti-inflammatory and nutritional
value of the fish oil has led to a better chance of successful
chemotherapy. This doesn’t just apply to bowel cancer, of course:
Professor Clarke says the findings could also apply to people
suffering from a range of cancers.
Bottom Line

8. People concerned about the development of colorectal cancer
should be advised to cut back on red meats, processed meats and
cured meats. These should be replaced in the diet by beans, soy
products and some sea foods. High fat dairy products should be
replaced with non-fat dairy products. Replacing refined fats, oils,
sugars and grains with more fruits, vegetables and whole grains
should aid weight loss and may very well reduce the risk of
developing colorectal cancer over a lifetime. These dietary changes
probably will reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer in the
long run but even if they do not they have already been shown to
have many other well established health benefits.
Other Factors Associated with Colorectal Cancer
Risk
Recently, an increased intake of garlic was associated with a reduced
risk of colorectal cancer. There are many other potential
anticarcinogen phytochemicals found in a variety of fruits and
vegetables. There is also some evidence suggesting that a lack of
selenium, folic acid and/or vitamin D may contribute to the
development of colorectal cancer. However, there is a need for
more prospective studies and perhaps clinical trials with these
nutrients and physiochemical before any firm conclusions should be
drawn. Keep in mind that prospective studies with supplements of
beta-carotene, and vitamins C and E have shown no reduction in the
risk of polyp formation despite some preliminary evidence that they
may reduce the risk of polyps and colorectal cancer.
Medical tourism / health tourism
Medical Tourism India (Health Tourism India) is a developing
concept whereby people from world over visit India for their medical
and relaxation needs. Most common treatments are the cardiac
surgery, cancer surgery. The reason India is a favourable destination
is because of its infrastructure and technology in which is in par with
those in USA, UK and Europe. India has some of the best hospitals

9. and treatment centers in the world with the best facilities. Since it is
also one of the most favourable tourist destinations in the world,
Medication combines with tourism has come into effect, from which
the concept of Medical Tourism is derived.
India has originated as one of the most important hubs for medical
tourism. Many people from the developed countries come to India for
the rejuvenation promised by yoga and Ayurvedic massage however,
a nice blend of top-class medical expertise at attractive prices is
helping more and more Indian corporate hospitals to lure foreign
patients, including patients from developed nations such as the UK
and the US, for high end surgeries like Cardiac Bypass Surgery and
the cancer surgery. As more and more patients from Europe, the
USA and other affluent nations with high medical costs look for
effective options, healthcare tourism in India is definitely on the
cards for most of them and the fast growing Indian corporate health
sector is fully geared to meet that need.
Not just cost savings or the high standard of medical care facility,
but also the waiting time is much lower for any treatment in India than
in any other country. Medical help is often an emergency and
situations can turn worse if the treatment is delayed. While you might
have to wait for several months to get a surgical operation done in the
US, in India things can be arranged within a week.
Medical Tourism in India - at a glance
• Low cost medical treatment
• High quality medical care
• Low wait time for critical treatments
• Fluent English speaking staff
Medical tourism has become a common form of vacationing, and
covers a broad spectrum of medical services. Medical tourism mixes
leisure, fun and relaxation together with wellness and healthcare. For
further information on the bowel / colorectal / colon cancer in India at
economic cost visit us at www.indiancancersurgerysite.com or
mail your queries at info@indiancancersurgerysite.com or talk to
us at +91 9579034639.

10. Tags: Bowel cancer surgery India, colorectal cancer surgery India,
colon cancer surgery India, economic cost cancer surgery India,
medical tourism India.