The document provides an overview of network implementations including the OSI model, Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, wireless networks, and the TCP/IP protocol. It discusses the layers of the OSI model and the purpose and components of different network types such as Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, and wireless networks. It also describes how network clients access resources and the protocols used to implement TCP/IP networking.
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Comp tia n+_session_04
1. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
Objectives
In this session, you will learn to:
Identify the purpose and components of the OSI model.
Identify ways that network clients access network resources.
Identify the components of an Ethernet network
implementation.
Identify the components of a Token Ring network
implementation.
Identify the components of a FDDI network implementation.
Identify the components of a wireless network implementation.
View the protocols bound to a network interface card in
Windows Server 2003.
View the TCP/IP information for your computer.
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 1 of 53
2. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
The OSI Model
• The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a
seven-layer framework that defines and describes how
software or hardware operating at that layer will act on the
data packet being sent.
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data-link
Physical
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 2 of 53
3. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
The OSI Layers
The OSI model comprises of seven layers:
Application Layer
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 3 of 53
4. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
The OSI Layers (Contd.)
• Application Layer
Provides services and utilities that enables:
Application programs to access a network and its resources.
Applications to save files to the network server or print to network
printers.
Resource advertising that each system is available for network
use.
Application
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 4 of 53
5. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
The OSI Layers (Contd.)
• Presentation Layer
Provides services and utilities that enables:
• Translation of data so that it can be moved on the network.
• Data compression and encryption.
Application
Presentation
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 5 of 53
6. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
The OSI Layers (Contd.)
• Session Layer
Provides services and utilities that enables:
Establishing the connection between network devices.
Maintaining the connection and then terminating it when
appropriate.
Controlling how, when, and for how long a device transmits.
Application
Presentation
Session
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 6 of 53
7. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
The OSI Layers (Contd.)
• Transport Layer
Provides services and utilities that enables:
• Reliable data transmission.
• Some error correction and sending acknowledgements.
• Gateways to operate at this layer.
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 7 of 53
8. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
The OSI Layers (Contd.)
• Network Layer
Provides services and utilities that enables:
• Addressing and ensures delivery of packets across a network.
• Protocol address to be attached to the data packet that is used by
routing devices to make their decisions.
• Routers and some switches to operate at this layer.
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 8 of 53
9. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
The OSI Layers (Contd.)
• Data-link Layer
Provides services and utilities that enables:
• Individual frames move from one device to another without error.
• Bridges and some switches to operate at this layer.
The Data-link layer can be divided into two sections:
• Logical Link Control (LLC)
• Media Access Control (MAC)
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data-link
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 9 of 53
10. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
The OSI Layers (Contd.)
• Physical Layer
Provides services and utilities that enables:
• Movement of data bits on and off the physical cabling media.
• Network adapters, hubs, and wireless access points operate at
this layer.
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data-link
Physical
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 10 of 53
11. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
The OSI Process
When data is sent to a network, it is added to the top layer
of the OSI model first.
When data is received, it goes through the reverse process.
Application Application
Presentation Presentation
Session Session
Transport Transport
Network Network
Data-link Data-link
Physical Physical
Packet flow
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 11 of 53
12. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
Network Resources
• A network resource is any device that is external to the
client computer and is accessible by multiple users.
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 12 of 53
13. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
Network Browsing
• Network browsing is the act of searching through an
automated information system to locate or acquire a
resource without necessarily knowing the existence of that
resource.
Network browsing
Network resources
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 13 of 53
14. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
Network Searching
• Network searching is a built-in function that enables users
to find network resources such as printers and servers by
name or by location.
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 14 of 53
15. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
Ethernet Networks
Ethernet technology is the most popular networking
technology used today.
Both large and small-sized networks use Ethernet
technology to provide both backbone and end-user
services.
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 15 of 53
16. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
Ethernet
• An Ethernet network is a segmented LAN technology that
uses Ethernet NICs and twisted pair, coax, or fiber media.
• Ethernet is used to connect computers, printers, and
servers within the same building or campus.
Ethernet LAN within
a single building
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 16 of 53
17. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
Switched Ethernet
• Switched Ethernet is a LAN technology that connects host
computers and network segments by using switches.
Switched connection
utilizes full bandwidth
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 17 of 53
18. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
Ethernet Frames
• Ethernet frames control data sent between two nodes.
• Each frame consists of several fields as shown in the
following figure:
8 bytes 6 bytes 6 bytes 2 bytes 46 1500 bytes 4 bytes
Preamble Destination Source Frame Data CRC
address address type
Footer
Header = 22 bytes Data
payload
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 18 of 53
19. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
The IEEE 802. x Standard
• The 802.x standards are a family of networking standards
developed by the IEEE in 1980
• Subcategories of 802.x Standard are:
802.2 Standard
802.3 Standard
802.5 Standard 802.2
802.x Standard 802.3
802.5
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 19 of 53
20. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
802.3 Standards
• The 802.3 specification standardizes Ethernet and expands
it to include a wide range of cable media.
802.3 Standard
Media type Transmission speed Signal type
10 Mbps
Baseband
100 Mbps
Broadband
1000 Mbps
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 20 of 53
21. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
802.2 Standards
• The 802.2 standard was developed to address the need for
MAC-layer addressing in bridges.
• The 802.2 standard specifies frame size and rate.
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
802.2 Standard Network
LLC
Data-link
MAC
Physical
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 21 of 53
22. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
The 10Base Standards
• The 10Base standards describe the type of media used and
the speeds at which each type of media operates.
• The 10Base standard contains three components as shown
in the figure.
10 Mbps
100 Mbps
1000 Mbps
10Base Standard
Signal type
100BaseTX
Speed Media
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 22 of 53
23. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
Token Ring Networks
Token Ring technology is used in high performance
industrial networks.
Token Ring technology is widely used for contention-based
networking.
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 23 of 53
24. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
Token Ring Standards
• There are two Token Ring standards that are very similar:
IBM Token Ring and IEEE 802.5.
Token Ring Characteristics IBM Token Ring IEEE 802.5
Transmission speed 4/16 Mbps 4/16 Mbps
Physical topology Star Not specified
Number of nodes per ring STP-260; UTP-72 250
Media type STP/UTP listed as Category 1, 2, or 3 cable Not specified
Signaling Baseband Baseband
Access method Token passing Token passing
Encoding Differential Manchester Differential Manchester
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 24 of 53
25. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
Token States
• There are four states that a token can be in while on the
network:
Available state
Captured state
Acknowledged state
Reserved state Available
Captured Reserved
Acknowledged
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 25 of 53
26. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
Multi Station Access Units ( MSAUs)
Multi Station Access Units (MSAUs) are wired together to
form one large ring using patch cables and lobe cables for
connections.
IBM Token Ring network stations are directly connected to
MSAUs.
MSAU MSAU
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 26 of 53
27. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
Token Ring Failure Recovery
Token Ring networks take on a start configuration when a
device is turned off or disconnected from the network.
In such situations, the MSAU bypass the disconnected
devices.
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 27 of 53
28. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
Beaconing
• Beaconing is a process used to ensure that all systems on
a ring are responsive.
Upstream neighbor
notifies network
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 28 of 53
29. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) Networks
• FDDI is used in the network that uses a ring topology.
• FDDI networks is used in situations that require redundant,
high capacity netwroking with fault tolerance.
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 29 of 53
30. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
FDDI
• Fiber Distributed Data Interface, or FDDI, is a networking
technology that uses a dual fiber ring operating at 100
Mbps.
One ring carries control
signals
One ring carries data
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 30 of 53
31. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
FDDI Connection Devices
Nodes are connected to the FDDI network in one of two
ways:
Dual attached stations (DAS)
Single attached stations (SAS)
DAS SAS
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 31 of 53
32. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
FDDI Failure Recovery
DAS nodes provide fault tolerance measures that detect
loss of connectivity and then loop back the signal—a
process known as auto-reconfiguration.
SAS nodes, the concentrator provides fault tolerance
through isolation.
Auto-reconfiguration Isolation
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 32 of 53
33. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
Wireless Technologies and Standards
Wireless networks are the networks that connect without
using a physical cable.
Wireless networks are relatively easier to install and have a
lot of flexibility.
Wireless networks provides roaming users both in business
and leisure environments to have freedom to work from
anywhere.
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 33 of 53
34. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
When to Use Wireless Technologies
Types of wireless technologies are:
Infrared
Radio
Microwave
Infrared Radio Microwave
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 34 of 53
35. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
What is a WAP?
A WAP, or wireless access point, is a wireless connectivity
device that enables multiple wireless nodes to communicate
with each other and with other networks.
Wireless and wired networks can coexist in the same
environment.
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 35 of 53
36. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
The IEEE 802.11 Standard
• 802.11 standard is a family of specifications developed by
the IEEE for wireless LAN technology.
• 802.11 specifies an over-the-air interface between a wireless client
and a base station or between two wireless clients.
• 802.11 defines the access method as CSMA/CA.
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 36 of 53
37. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
802.11 Modes
• There are two components to the 802.11 standard:
Infrastructure mode
Ad-hoc mode
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 37 of 53
38. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
Bluetooth
• Bluetooth is a wireless protocol that is used to
communicate from one device to another in a small area,
usually less than 30 feet.
30 feet
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 38 of 53
39. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
Families of Protocols
• Network Protocols are rules by which computers within a
network communicate among themselves.
Common
network protocol
Formats data
packets
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 39 of 53
40. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
Network- and Transport- Layer Protocols
The Network and Transport layers contain several protocol
families, such as:
Reliability protocols
Connection protocols
Routing protocols
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 40 of 53
41. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
Application-, Presentation-, and Session-Layer Protocols
The Application-, Presentation-, and Session-layers contain
several protocol families, such as:
Terminal-emulation protocols
File-access and file-transfer protocols
Email protocols
Remote-action and multiple-session protocols
Network-management protocols
Task-to-task protocols
Codeset-and-data-structure protocols
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 41 of 53
42. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
Protocols Bindings
• Assigning a protocol to a network interface card is referred
to as protocol binding.
Network interface
Protocols bound to
the network interface
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 42 of 53
43. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
Activity 6-1
Activity on Identifying
Families of Protocols
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 43 of 53
44. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
The TCP/IP Protocol
• The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP) is a nonproprietary, routable network protocol suite
that enables computers to communicate over all types of
networks.
TCP/IP
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 44 of 53
45. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
The IP Address
• An IP address is a 32-bit binary number assigned to a
computer on a TCP/IP network.
Binary 11010000.01111011.00101101.00010010
Decimal 208.123.45.18
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 45 of 53
46. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
The Subnet Mask
• A subnet mask is a 32-bit number that is assigned to each
host address.
• A subnet mask divides the 32-bit binary IP address into
network and node portions.
Network portion
Node portion
Decimal IP
address 172.16.10.101
Binary IP
address 10101100.00001000.00001010.01100101
Subnet mask
11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
Binary network
ID 10101100.00001000.00000000.00000000
Decimal network
ID
172.16.0.0
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 46 of 53
47. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
Subnet Mask Structure
To conform to TCP/IP standards, subnet masks must follow
the rules as shown in the following figure:
Subnet mask
255.255.255.0
Subnet mask
in binary
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
Ones always start at Ones must be Zeros always start
bit 32 contiguous at bit 1
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 47 of 53
48. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
Binary ANDing
There are two rules in the binary AND operation:
Zero AND any value equals zero.
One AND one equals one.
0 0 1 1
AND
0 1 0 1
0 0 0 1
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 48 of 53
49. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
Distinguishing Local and Remote Addresses
Subnet mask is used by the network client to determine
whether a data packet is bound for the local subnet or must
be routed to a remote subnet.
Different networks
Destination is remote
139.87.10.2 139.87.30.103
255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0
139.87.10.0 139.87.30.0
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 49 of 53
50. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
The Default Gateway
• The default gateway is the IP address of the router that will
route remote traffic from the computer’s local subnet to
remote subnets.
139.87.10.1
139.87.10.10
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 50 of 53
51. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
IP Address Assignment Rules
For a valid node addressing on a TCP/IP network:
Nodes on a local subnet must have unique node IDs.
Nodes on different subnets can have the same node IDs if the
network IDs are different.
The node address cannot be all ones or all zeros.
The IP address 127.0.0.1 is reserved for testing and cannot be
used as a node ID.
TCP/IP
139.80.100.10 139.90.100.10
255.255.0.0 255.255.0.0
139.80.100.20 139.90.50.10
255.255.0.0 255.255.0.0
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 51 of 53
52. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
Activity 6-2
Activity on Identifying the
Characteristics of a
TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Implementation
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 52 of 53
53. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network ImplementationsInstallation with
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended and Network
TCP/IP
Summary
In this session, you learned that:
• The OSI model comprises of seven layers.
• The clients access resources on a live network by:
• Network browsing
• Network searching
Ethernet network is used in both large and small-sized
networks to provide both backbone and end-user services.
Token Ring technology is widely used for contention-based
networking.
FDDI networks is used in situations that require redundant,
high capacity netwroking with fault tolerance.
Wireless networks are the networks that connect without using
a physical cable.
The TCP/IP is a nonproprietary, routable network protocol
suite that enables computers to communicate over all types of
networks.
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 53 of 53
Notas del editor
You need to tell about the OSI mnemonic “All People Seem To Need Data Processing.”
You need to tell how the transport layer provides reliable data transmission as given in CG.( Pg no has to be given)
You need to tell about the OSI mnemonic “All People Seem To Need Data Processing.”
You need to tell about: My Network places Establishing the browsing list Hidden shares Mapped Network Drives as given on page no-132 and 133 of CG.
You need to tell about: Browsing using Active Directory. Universal Naming Convention.
You need to also tell about the : 1. Media type codes for the 10Base specifications as given in the page no 139 of CG. 2. Ethernet speeds, types, and Specifications as given in the page no 140 of CG.
You need to also tell about the history of Token ring as given in pg. no. 142 of CG.
You need to also tell about Token Ring Access Priority as given in pg.no. 143 of CG.
You need to also tell about MSAU functionality as given in pg.no. 144 of CG.
You need to also tell about MSAU functionality as given in pg.no. 144 of CG.
You need to also tell the importance of Dual Ring as given in page n. 148 of CG
You need to tell the difference between DAS and SAS as given in page no. 148 of CG.
You need to explain the different wireless network technologies as given in the CG
You need to also tell about : Binding order How to view Protocol Bindings as given in page no 162 of CG.
You need to tell about the Dotted Decimal notation as given in page no 166 of CG.
You need to also tell about default subnet masks as given in the page no 168 of CG.