1. Operators in Java
Pre-assessment Questions
1. Predict the output of the expression, 16 % 3?
a. 5
b. 0
c. 1
d. 4
• What is the default value of the float data type?
a. 0.0
b. 0
c. 1.0
d. 1
©NIIT Java Fundamentals Lesson 3B / Slide 1 of 26

2. Operators in Java
Pre-assessment Questions (Contd.)
3. Consider the statements:
Statement A: The name of a variable can begin with a digit.
Statement B: The name of a variable can contain white spaces.
Identify the correct option.
a. Statement A is true and statement B is false
b. Statement A is false and statement B is true
c. Both, statements, A and B, are true
d. Both, statements, A and B, are false
©NIIT Java Fundamentals Lesson 3B / Slide 2 of 26

3. Operators in Java
Pre-assessment Questions (Contd.)
1. _______variables are the local variables that are accessed by the function in
which the variables are declared.
a. Static
b. Automatic
c. Instance
d. Class
2. _______literals are enclosed in single quotes
a. String
b. Character
c. Boolean
d. Integer
©NIIT Java Fundamentals Lesson 3B / Slide 3 of 26

4. Operators in Java
Solutions to Pre-assessment
Questions
1. c.
2. a.
3. d.
4. a.
5. b.
©NIIT Java Fundamentals Lesson 3B / Slide 4 of 26

5. Operators in Java
Objectives
In this lesson, you will learn to:
• Use operators
• Arithmetic assignment operators
• bit-wise operators
• shift operators
• instance-of operator
• Identify the operators precedence
©NIIT Java Fundamentals Lesson 3B / Slide 5 of 26

6. Operators in Java
Using Unary Operators
• Using the Increment and Decrement Operators
• The increment and decrement operators are unary operators.
• The increment operator (++) increases the value of an operand by 1.
• The decrement operator (--) decreases the value of an operand by 1.
• Prefix Form
• The operator precedes the operand.
• Operator operates on the operand before the value of operand is
used in the expression.
• Postfix Form
• In the postfix form, operator follows the operand.
• Operator operates on the operand after the value of operand is used
in the expression.
©NIIT Java Fundamentals Lesson 3B / Slide 6 of 26

7. Operators in Java
Using the Arithmetic Assignment
Operators
• Arithmetic Assignment Operators
• Addition(+), subtraction(-), multiplication(*), division(/), and modulo(%)
are the arithmetic operators supported by Java.
• Various arithmetic operators, such as +, -, /, *, and % are combined with
the assignment operator (=) and are called arithmetic assignment
operators.
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8. Operators in Java
Using the Arithmetic Assignment
Operators (Contd.)
Operator Use Description
+= op1 += op2 Adds operand, op1 and operand, op2
and assigns the result to op1. This
expression is equivalent to op1 =
op1+op2.
-= op1 -= op2 Subtracts operand, op2 from
operand, op1 and assigns the result
to op1. This expression is equivalent
to op1 = op1 – op2.
©NIIT Java Fundamentals Lesson 3B / Slide 8 of 26

9. Operators in Java
Using the Arithmetic Assignment
Operators (Contd.)
Operator Use Description
*= op1 *= op2 Multiplies operand, op1 and
operand, op2 and assigns value of
the result to op1. This expression
is equivalent to op1 = op1*op2.
/= op1 /= op2 Divides operand, op1 by operand,
op2, and assign the value of the
result to op1. This expression is
equivalent to op1 = op1/op2.
©NIIT Java Fundamentals Lesson 3B / Slide 9 of 26

10. Operators in Java
Using the Arithmetic Assignment
Operators (Contd.)
Operator Use Description
%= op1 %= op2 Assigns the remainder of
division of operand, op1
and operand, op2 to op1.
This expression is
equivalent to op1 = op1%
op2.
©NIIT Java Fundamentals Lesson 3B / Slide 10 of 26

11. Operators in Java
Using Bit-wise Operators
• Bit-wise operators
• Operate on the individual bits of their operand.
• Operands can be various data types like int, short, long, char, and byte.
• Operands are converted into their binary equivalents before operation.
• The result in the binary form after the operation is converted back into
its decimal equivalent.
©NIIT Java Fundamentals Lesson 3B / Slide 11 of 26

12. Operators in Java
Using Bit-wise Operators(Contd.)
• The following table lists the various bit-wise operators in Java:
Operator Use Operation
&(AND) x&y Performs bit-wise AND
operation. It evaluates to 1 if
both bits, x and y are 1. If
either or both bits are 0, the
result is 0.
|(OR) x|y Performs bit-wise OR
operation. It evaluates to 0 if
both bits, x and y are 0. If
either or both bits are 1, the
result is 1.
©NIIT Java Fundamentals Lesson 3B / Slide 12 of 26

13. Operators in Java
Using Bit-wise Operators(Contd.)
Operator Use Operation
~(inversion) ~x Performs unary NOT
operation. Converts all the
1s into 0s and all the 0s into
1s.
^(XOR) x^y Performs bit-wise XOR
operation. It evaluates to 1 if
bits have different values
and 0 if both the bits have
the same value.
©NIIT Java Fundamentals Lesson 3B / Slide 13 of 26

14. Operators in Java
Using Bit-wise Operators (Contd.)
• Using the Bit-wise AND Operator
• The Bit-wise AND operator (&) performs AND operation on two operands.
• Displays 1 if both bits are 1 else 0 in all other cases.
Operation Result
0&0 0
0&1 0
1&1 1
1&0 0
©NIIT Java Fundamentals Lesson 3B / Slide 14 of 26

15. Operators in Java
Using Bit-wise Operators (Contd.)
• Using the Bit-wise OR Operator
• The Bit-wise OR operator (|) performs OR operation on two operands.
• Displays 0 if both bits are 0 else 1 in all other cases.
Operation Result
0|0 0
0|1 1
1|1 1
1|0 1
©NIIT Java Fundamentals Lesson 3B / Slide 15 of 26

16. Operators in Java
Using Bit-wise Operators (Contd.)
• Using the Bit-wise NOT Operator
• Bit-wise NOT operator (~) is a unary operator and performs NOT operation
on each bit of binary number.
• The NOT operator inverts or complements each of the bits of a binary
number.
Operation Result
~0 1
~1 0
©NIIT Java Fundamentals Lesson 3B / Slide 16 of 26

17. Operators in Java
Using Bit-wise Operators (Contd.)
• Using the Bit-wise XOR Operator
• The Bit-wise XOR (^) operator performs XOR operation on two operands.
• The XOR operator applied on two bits results in 1 if exactly one bit is 1 else 0
in all other cases .
Operation Result
0^0 0
0 ^1 1
1^1 0
1^0 1
©NIIT Java Fundamentals Lesson 3B / Slide 17 of 26

18. Operators in Java
Using Shift Operators
• Works on the bits of data.
• Shifts the bits of it’s operand either to left or right.
Operator Use Operation
>> val1 >> val2 Shifts the bits of the val1 operand
to the right by the number of
(Right Shift)
positions specified by val2.
<< val1<< val2 Shifts the bits of the val1 operand
to the left by the number of
(Left Shift)
positions specified by val2.
©NIIT Java Fundamentals Lesson 3B / Slide 18 of 26

19. Operators in Java
Using Shift Operators (Contd.)
Operator Use Operation
>>> val1 >>> val2 Shifts the bits of the val1 operand
to the right by the number of
(Unsigned Shift
positions specified by val2. A zero
Operator)
value is input in the high-order bit
irrespective of the value of the
high-order bit of val1. The high-
order bit is the leftmost bit of the
binary number.
©NIIT Java Fundamentals Lesson 3B / Slide 19 of 26

20. Operators in Java
Using Shift Operators (Contd.)
• Using the Right Shift and Left Shift Operators
• The right shift and the left shift operators are binary operators.
• The right shift operator shifts all the bits of a binary number in the right
direction.
operand >> num
• The left shift operator, <<, shifts all the bits of a binary number in the
left direction.
operand << num
• Using the Unsigned Shift Operator
• Unsigned shift operator (>>>) is used to shift the bits of a binary number to
the right.
• The operator fills the leftmost bits of a binary value with 0 irrespective of
whether the number has 0 or 1 at the leftmost bit.
©NIIT Java Fundamentals Lesson 3B / Slide 20 of 26

21. Operators in Java
Using instance of Operator
• Used to test whether an object is an instance of a specific class.
• Used at the run time.
• The syntax of the instanceof operator is:
op1 instanceof op2
• op1 is the name of an object and op2 is the name of a class.
• Returns a true value if the op1 object is an instance of the op2 class.
©NIIT Java Fundamentals Lesson 3B / Slide 21 of 26

22. Operators in Java
Operators Precedence
• Each operator in an expression is evaluated in a predetermined order called
operator precedence.
• Operators on the same line have equal precedence.
Operators Category
[], (), . , expr++, expr-- Array index, method call, member
access, and postfix operators
++expr, --expr, +, -, !, ~ Unary postfix operators
*, /, % Multiplicative Arithmetic operators
+, - Additive Arithmetic operators
©NIIT Java Fundamentals Lesson 3B / Slide 22 of 26

23. Operators in Java
Operators Precedence(Contd.)
Operators Category
<<, >>, >>> Shift operators
>, <, <=, >=, instanceof Relational operators
==, != Equality operator
& Bit-wise AND operator
^ Bit-wise XOR operator
| Bit-wise OR operator
&& Conditional AND operator
|| Conditional OR operator
=, +=, -=, *=, /=, %= Assignment operators
©NIIT Java Fundamentals Lesson 3B / Slide 23 of 26

24. Operators in Java
Demonstration-Precedence of
Operators in Java
• Problem Statement
• Create a Java application to understand the order of
precedence of various operators in Java.
• Solution
• The Java application is created using the various operators in
Java.
• To solve the above problem, perform the following tasks:
3. Code an application with an expression having multiple
operators of different precedence
4. Compile and execute the code.
©NIIT Java Fundamentals Lesson 3B / Slide 24 of 26

25. Operators in Java
Summary
• In this lesson, you learned:
• Operators are used to calculate, compare and compute values. The
operators are classified as:
• Unary operators
• Binary operators
• Unary operators operate on one operand, such as increment and
decrement operators.
• Binary operators operate on two operands, such as arithmetic operators
+,-,/,*.
• Arithmetic operators, such as, +, _, combined with assignment
operator(=) are arithmetic assignment operators.
• Bit-wise operators operate on one bit at a time.
• The bit-wise operators operate on data types such as, int, short, long,
char and byte.
• The various bit-wise operators are bit-wise AND (&), bit-wise OR (|), bit-
wise NOT (~), and bit-wise XOR (^).
©NIIT Java Fundamentals Lesson 3B / Slide 25 of 26

26. Operators in Java
Summary (Contd.)
• Shift operators are used to shift the bits of the number to the left or right.
The various shift operators are right shift (>>), left shift (<<), and unsigned
shift operator (>>>).
• The instanceof operator is used to test that whether an object is an instance
of a particular class.
• An expression can have several operators and each operator is evaluated in
order of their precedence.
©NIIT Java Fundamentals Lesson 3B / Slide 26 of 26