1. IF VICKI HAD WON THE LOTTERY, SHE WOULD HAVE
RETIRED.
Past Unreal Conditionals

2. Past Unreal Conditionals
Past unreal conditionals have two clauses ( a clause
is a groups of words that have a subject + verb)
The if clause
The result clause (main clause)
(if clause) If Amy had received treatment, (result
clause) she might not have died.

3. Try It Out!
How many clauses are found in a past unreal
conditional statement?
What is a clause?
What do we call the clauses in a part unreal
conditional statement?

4. Past Unreal Conditionals
If Clause (unreal condition)
If + subject + past perfect,
Result Clause (what would have happened)
subject + would (not) have + past participle.
could (not) have
might (not) have
(unreal condition) (what would have happened)
If he hadn’t used laugh therapy, Norman would not
have recovered.

5. Past Perfect
Had + past participle of verb
Regular past participle verb + ed
ex.had talked
Irregular past participle examples
Go had gone
Be had been
Have had had
Take had taken

6. Try It Out!
How do we form the if clause?
How do we form the past perfect for regular verbs?
How do we form the past perfect for irregular verbs?
What three ways can we form the result clause?

7. Past Unreal Conditionals
Result Clause (what would have happened)
Subject + would (not) have + past participle.
could (not) have
might (not) have
If Clause (unreal condition)
If + subject + past perfect
(what would have happened) (unreal condition)
Norman would not have recovered if he hadn’t
used laugh therapy.

8. Try It Out!
What does the if clause tell us?
What does the result clause tell us?
Identify the if clause and the result clause in this
sentence.
I might have passed the quiz if I had studied.

9. Past Unreal Conditionals
 Talk about past unreal, untrue, or imagined
conditions and their results.
 Both parts of the sentence describe events that are
the opposite of what happened.
 Conditional statement: Norman would not have
recovered if He hadn’t used laugh therapy.
 What really happened? He recovered. He used
laugh therapy.

10. Try It Out!
Why do we use the past unreal conditional?
What do both parts of the sentence describe?

11. Past Unreal Conditionals
Use would have in the result clause to mean regret
If Amy had received treatment, she wouldn’t have
died.

12. Exercise!
What does would have describe in the result clause?

13. Past Unreal Conditionals
Use could have in the result clause to mean
possibility
If her parents had believed in medicine, Amy could
have lived.

14. Try It Out!
What does could have describe in the result clause?

15. Past Unreal conditionals
Use might have in the result clause to mean
uncertainty about the result
If Norman hadn’t used laugh therapy, he might have
died.

16. Try It Out!
What does might have describe in the result clause?