Mobile backhaul solution guide

Solution Guide
Mobile Backhaul
Overview and
Solution Guide

Abstract
This paper presents a brief overview of today’s mobile backhaul
market, outlines the unique challenges facing mobile operators and
backhaul transport providers, and suggests strategies for improving
network performance and coverage. Key emphasis is on the OAM,
resiliency, Quality of Service (QoS) and timing technologies required
for cost-efficient backhaul of 2G/3G/4G/LTE and small cells traffic.

Mobile Backhaul Overview and Solution Guide
© 2013 RAD Data Communications Ltd 1
Contents
1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................2
2 Mobile Backhaul Trends.................................................................................................4
2.1 Widespread Adoption of Cloud-Based Services .............................................................4
2.2 TDM to Carrier Ethernet Migration ..................................................................................4
2.3 Carrier Ethernet to MEF CE 2.0 Mobile Backhaul............................................................5
2.4 SONET/SDH to Carrier Ethernet Migration, Including GbE/10GbE Rings Based on
G.8032v2........................................................................................................................................6
2.5 Synchronization Requirements Becoming More Stringent to Support LTE-Advanced6
3 Mobile Backhaul Requirements.....................................................................................7
4 Addressing Mobile Backhaul Requirements.................................................................8
4.1 Service Assured Access: Increasing Backhaul Revenue While Reducing TCO ..............8
4.2 Enhanced Services.............................................................................................................9
4.3 CE 2.0 Certification ......................................................................................................... 10
5 Mobile Backhaul Solutions...........................................................................................11
5.1 CE 2.0 Certified Backhaul with SLA Assurance for Macro/Small Cells ........................ 11
5.2 SLA-Assured Ethernet Backhaul with Legacy 2G/3G Support..................................... 13
5.3 Addressing LTE-Advanced Timing/SLA Requirements w/ Distributed PTP-GM .......... 13
5.4 Hosted “vNID” Supporting Mobile Operator and Wholesale Backhaul Provider
Simultaneously ............................................................................................................................15
5.5 Business Services over Backhaul Infrastructure........................................................... 16
5.6 Comprehensive SAA Solution Including GbE/10G Rings, TDM & Timing for Macro &
Small Cells ....................................................................................................................................17
6 Complete ETX Carrier Ethernet / Mobile Backhaul Product Portfolio .....................18
6.1 Product Highlights and Building Blocks ......................................................................... 20
6.2 Building Blocks.................................................................................................................21
6.3 Smart SFPs: Complementary, Compact Mobile Backhaul Problem Solvers ............... 27
7 Summary .......................................................................................................................28

2 © 2013 RAD Data Communications Ltd
1 Introduction
Exponential growth in data traffic, coupled with flat revenues, has driven mobile backhaul from
traditional T1/E1 to Ethernet for scalable bandwidth and improved cost structure. Users with smart
phones, tablets, laptops, M2M devices, etc. are accessing their applications and content directly from
the cloud, and in turn, mobile operators have essentially become providers of fast pipes. These
mobile operators try to differentiate themselves by:
• Improving network performance (faster speeds, lower latency, less packet loss)
• Expanding network coverage (fewer dead spots, extending 3G/4G to rural areas, small cells)
• Offering advanced LTE features such as network Multiple Input, Multiple Output (MIMO) and
Location Based Service (LBS)

RAD’s mobile backhaul solution helps maximize network performance and coverage. It is ideal for
mobile operators and wholesale providers looking to build a Carrier Ethernet 2.0 (CE 2.0)-certified
access/aggregation transport network that supports all mobile generations, including 4G/LTE and
small cells. It features:
• Powerful service management system, portal and hardware-based OAM tools that reduce
support costs with per-EVC.CoS circuit validation, fault management and accurate network
performance monitoring
• Multi-CoS and H-QoS support that reduces CAPEX by more efficiently utilizing bandwidth and
avoiding over-provisioning
• Packet and network synchronization tools such as Sync-E and 1588 PTP Grandmaster/slave for
advanced LTE services, in addition to one-way delay measurements
• Integrated TDM over Ethernet and Ethernet over TDM/SONET/xDSL interface options for
simpler 2G, 3G, 4G/LTE migration
• Comprehensive access/aggregation transport with resiliency capabilities, such as support for
G.8032v2 with sub-50ms failover to reduce SLA risks
This paper presents an overview of today’s mobile backhaul market, illustrates the unique challenges
facing mobile operators and backhaul transport providers, and describes strategies for commercially
viable transport of multi-generation mobile technologies. In particular, it stresses the performance
criteria that mobile operators expect if they are to trust their backhaul network to third parties –
focusing on the business and technical challenges that transport providers face as their networks
evolve to Carrier Ethernet 2.0-certified Ethernet in support of traffic from mobile operators.

2 Mobile Backhaul Trends
A number of industry trends prevail in the mobile backhaul space. Most significantly, these include:
2.1 Widespread Adoption of Cloud-Based Services
The widespread adoption of, and dependence on, cloud-based services such
as iCloud, YouTube and Dropbox has pushed users to expect access to high-
speed data anywhere and anytime.
Such reliance on the cloud, combined with the faster speeds enabled by the
rollout of LTE technology, has resulted in soaring demand for bandwidth and
decline in revenue-per-bit. Wireless operators have requested Ethernet
backhaul services to scale their networks and strengthen their margins.
Wholesale backhaul providers have responded by migrating from TDM to
Carrier Ethernet to offer scalable networks with the reliability of SONET/SDH
– but at the cost of Ethernet.
2.2 TDM to Carrier Ethernet Migration
Mobile operators originally used expensive leased lines to
backhaul traffic in mobile networks. As this graph illustrates,
3G/4G bandwidth requirements have increased exponentially
with time, but revenues have not. As a result, Ethernet has
become the preferred solution due to its scalability and
significantly lower cost-per-bit.
According to Infonetics Research, Inc., a cumulative $43.6
billion is expected to be spent on macrocell mobile backhaul
equipment from 2012 to 2016. Upwards of 94% of that
spending will be on IP/Ethernet gear1
.
1
Source: Infonetics Research, Macrocell Mobile Backhaul Equipment and Services Report, 2012

2.3 Carrier Ethernet to MEF CE 2.0 Mobile Backhaul
Most wholesale providers have taken the first step of
TDM to Carrier Ethernet migration, but with a
simplistic single Class of Service (CoS) approach in
which all traffic is treated the same. This is proving
to be insufficient since mobile applications are
subject to extreme bursts of traffic with a wide
variety of QoS requirements.
It is fast becoming critical for mobile operators and
their access provider partners to accommodate these
traffic peaks or face the high cost of customer
dissatisfaction. Continuing to treat all traffic the same
would require a massive, costly and unnecessary network overbuild, without an accompanying
revenue model to sustain the cost. It’s effectively a recipe for going out of business.
The Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF) CE 2.0 recommends multi-CoS as the solution to this major industry
problem and has published a Best Practices paper providing implementation guidelines. RAD’s ETX-
2xxA NIDs and ETX-5300A aggregation platform are MEF-certified to comply with CE 2.0 definitions
including:
• Multi-CoS to maximize access providers’ profitability by leveraging Ethernet traffic
management tools that ensure network integrity without costly over-building of networks.
This is also expected to save mobile operators at least 25% in backhaul costs. Network
performance and end-user QoE can also be improved by reducing queue lengths (CBS) for
high priority, delay and jitter sensitive traffic and increasing CBS for bursty, low priority traffic.
• Service manageability to reduce service costs with circuit validation, fault and performance
management.
• E-Access service type to accelerate delivery of off-net UNI-to-ENNI services. E-Access
standardizes first/last mile Ethernet access services, which benefits wholesale providers. It
also benefits retail service providers by minimizing the quantity of custom interconnect
agreements required.

2.4 SONET/SDH to Carrier Ethernet Migration, Including GbE/10GbE Rings Based on
G.8032v2
Traditional wholesale backhaul networks were built using SONET/SDH rings. These networks
supported both TDM and stringent Ethernet over SONET (EoS) requirements. However, SONET/SDH
does not scale efficiently and does not provide sufficient bandwidth, especially as individual 3G
operators' access speeds increase from 50 Mbps to 150 Mbps per site, and eventually up to 300
Mbps with 4G/LTE.
Carrier Ethernet equipment supporting GbE/10GbE rings using the G.8032v2 standard is fast
eliminating the need to install and maintain legacy SONET/SDH networks. The G.8032v2 standard
supports up to 16 rings with 32 nodes per ring and sub-50ms failover. Not only are Carrier Ethernet
networks at least four times more cost efficient than SONET/SDH in terms of CapEx, but they also
provide excellent bandwidth scalability, flow service management and investment protection. The
combination of G.8032v2 with pseudowire/circuit emulation capabilities has now become the best
long-term solution, especially as SONET/SDH products reach End-Of-Life (EOL) without replacement
as a result of discontinued components and retired R&D teams.
2.5 Synchronization Requirements Becoming More Stringent to Support LTE-
Advanced
2G, 3G and 4G/LTE all require synchronization
technology. One of mobile backhaul’s major
challenges involves maintaining
synchronization in packet-only environments
that are asynchronous by nature with Packet
Delay Variation (PDV) and packet loss.
As far as mobile operators are concerned, the
backhaul network must deliver accurate
frequency, and sometimes Time-Of-Day (TOD),
reference to the base stations. The frequency
accuracy should meet the famous +/-16 PPB limits and is mainly used to derive the RF transmission
frequency of the base station. Hence, violation of these limits may have implications on the mobile
network’s ability to support seamless handover. TOD is required by some cellular technologies (e.g.
UMTS-TDD and CDMA) to guard against inter-cell interference from neighboring base stations. The
exact accuracy limit depends on the specific technology, with typical values ranging from 1 to a few
microseconds.

4G/LTE-advanced, in particular, requires even stricter clock distribution accuracy to all base stations to
ensure support for new features like network MIMO and location based services (LBS). This includes
frequency as well as TOD synchronization, not only for time-division duplex (TDD) networks, but also
for those utilizing frequency-division duplex (FDD). Required TOD accuracy for such applications is in
the order of a few hundred nanoseconds!
Synchronization requirements for LTE-Advanced are still under study by 3GPP, but the trend is
towards the following two LTE time distribution strategies:
• GPS installation at every tower with Sync-E backup
• Distributed BC/GM with GPS/PTP-GM installation at intermediate network POPs with Sync-E
backup
3 Mobile Backhaul Requirements
While these may vary to some extent, the primary and most common mobile backhaul requirements
demanded today include:
• The wholesaler must provide high availability, low latency E-Line service
• Service constructed of end-to-end EVCs from the cell sites to MTSO where it is aggregated to
GbE/10GbE
• EVCs ordered for 4G deployments should be able to scale up to GE
• Service Level Agreement (SLA) must include:
- Latency from NID to NID = max of 5 ms (one-way delay)
- Jitter = max of +/- 1 ms
- Frame Error Rate (FER) = 1 x 10-6
(one frame error per million)
- No more than two sites per unprotected lateral
- Availability = 99.995% uptime
- Response time = 15 minutes

- Time to repair = 4 hours from initial call
• Wholesale services must also include:
- Circuit validation using RFC-2544/Y.1564 to complete service ordered
- Performance monitoring and reporting for services ordered
- Maintenance and troubleshooting
• Demarcation device must include +24 VDC or -48 VDC with redundant field replaceable power
supplies
• Service must be transparent (VLAN IDs, priorities, MC/BC, L3 protocols)
• Large CBS to accommodate LTE microbursts (scale to at least 313KB)
4 Addressing Mobile Backhaul Requirements
4.1 Service Assured Access: Increasing Backhaul Revenue While Reducing TCO
Service Assured Access (SAA) refers to a comprehensive set of tools that make it easier to plan,
deploy, provision, and maintain Carrier Ethernet services. RAD offers the industry’s best Service
Assured Access solution, with a rich toolkit that can be implemented in a variety of deployment mode
scenarios over various bearer circuits: fiber, DSL and PDH, when building CE 2.0-certified access
networks with outstanding management capabilities. RAD’s Service Assured Access solution helps
increase service provider revenue while lowering total cost of ownership (TCO) throughout the service
lifecycle.

SERVICE ASSURED ACCESS
4.2 Enhanced Services
RAD’s ETX family of mobile demarcation devices has been designed to address additional mobile
demarcation requirements, such as:
1. Service Resiliency / Availability
RAD’s ETX mobile demarcation devices are
environmentally hardened with redundant, field
replaceable power supplies. On the aggregation end, the
ETX-5300A provides scalable GbE/10GbE interfaces with
full card redundancy for in-service repairs and in-service software upgrades. Link, path and
ring protection are also supported with fast failure restoration due to hardware OAM (sub-
50ms).

2. Pseudowire (Legacy 2G/3G Circuit Emulation)
RAD’s Carrier Ethernet devices support TDM circuit emulation,
facilitating a smooth transition from 2G/3G mobile networks to
new packet switched networks, while preserving equipment
and infrastructure investments for as long as it is economically
feasible.
3. Timing (Distributed PTP-GMs)
Most backhaul networks cannot support the stringent frequency
and time/phase accuracy requirements of LTE-TDD and LTE-
Advanced. This problem is becoming more acute as mobile
networks increase capacity and coverage by adding more small
cells. GPS is the only practical, ubiquitous time dissemination
technology available today, but deploying it at every macro and
small cell is an expensive solution. Plus, GPS is relatively
susceptible to interference (unintentional) and jamming
(intentional), and may not be possible when “sky view” is
restricted. RAD addresses this challenge by incorporating Sync-E and IEEE 1588 Precision Time
Protocol Grandmaster (PTP-GM) capabilities directly into the low cost ETX demarcation devices
that are located at the last aggregation point (network edge / hub sites). This “Distributed
Grandmasters” approach eliminates backhaul network timing issues caused by access /
wholesale networks with high packet delay variation or asymmetry.
4.3 CE 2.0 Certification
CE 2.0 introduces three powerful, standardized features:
1. Multiple Classes of Service (Multi-CoS)
Multi-CoS leverages traffic management tools
like policing, shaping and prioritizing to ensure
better Quality of Service (QoS) and
performance, yielding more efficient bandwidth
utilization over a single pipe. This feature is becoming critical for mobile operators and their
wholesale providers in order to support exponential mobile traffic growth without expensive
network infrastructure over-build.

2. Interconnect
Interconnect helps integrating autonomous
Carrier Ethernet networks by accelerating the
delivery of off-net UNI-to-ENNI services. This
enables the introduction of E-Access, a whole
new service that will stimulate business
between wholesalers and service providers.
3. Service Manageability
Manageability institutes end-to-end service and
performance monitoring, circuit validation and
fault isolation, and reduces OpEx by minimizing
the need for specially-trained field technicians to
be available on a 24/7 basis.
RAD’s ETX-5300A Ethernet Service Aggregation Platform, ETX-205A Advanced Carrier Ethernet/Mobile
Demarcation Device and ETX-203AX Carrier Ethernet Demarcation Device are all among the first
devices in the industry to earn CE 2.0 certification and support all four CE 2.0 service types: E-Line,
E-Tree, E-LAN and E-Access.
5 Mobile Backhaul Solutions
5.1 CE 2.0 Certified Backhaul with SLA Assurance for Macro/Small Cells
In order to meet the mobile backhaul requirements described earlier, the wholesale backhaul provider
must place demarcation devices at the cell sites and switching center (MTSO). These demarcation
devices provide the circuit validation, performance monitoring, traffic management and diagnostic
tools critical to comply with the service level agreement (SLA).
To future proof the backhaul solution, these demarcation devices should be CE 2.0 certified and
specifically support:
• Advanced traffic management tools that support Multi-CoS and LTE microbursts to maximize
profit by avoiding costly network over-builds.
• Hardware-based OAM that supports service manageability features such as accurate circuit
validation and fault and performance management to reduce service costs and defend SLAs.

• E-NNI support according to MEF 26/28 that allows the wholesaler to offer standardized E-
Access interconnect service to the mobile or regional carrier and to ensure coordinated
service handoff, QoS, OAM connectivity and redundancy.
Notes:
1. Due to space/power constraints at small cells, RAD offers a Miniature NID (MiNID) in the form
of a SFP sleeve that can plug into either the small cell SFP network port or the UNI port of the
communication equipment (e.g. microwave radio).
2. Wholesale backhaul is typically the catalyst for service providers offering best-effort Ethernet
services to enhance their service mix with Carrier Ethernet services for retail carriers and
enterprise customers. While these solutions focus on wholesale mobile backhaul, they can
easily be adapted to cover the requirements of other wholesale and retail markets that also
mandate stringent QoS, powerful OAM, SLA assurance, circuit validation, and diagnostics
critical for Carrier Ethernet service delivery.

5.2 SLA-Assured Ethernet Backhaul with Legacy 2G/3G Support
While wholesale backhaul is largely driven by the need for scalable Ethernet pipes to carry 3G and 4G
packet-based traffic, most cell sites still support 2G/3G traffic that is carried over traditional T1/E1
leased lines. As such, it typically makes sense to reduce the expense of maintaining dual network
infrastructures by consolidating TDM and Ethernet traffic onto a single Ethernet access network.
This is easily accomplished using a NID that has the option to support T1/E1 circuits with the required
facility loopback capabilities. For Ethernet this would be wire-speed MAC swap or OAM loopbacks, and
for T1 it is ANSI in-band facility loopbacks. This approach not only eliminates the need to maintain
dual network infrastructures, but also addresses the issue of T1/E1 exhaust in cases where more TDM
circuits are needed to the cell site but available copper pairs are lacking.
5.3 Addressing LTE-Advanced Timing/SLA Requirements w/ Distributed PTP-GM
Timing is a key component of cell sites, and synchronization requirements are becoming even more
stringent for LTE-advanced services. While TDD systems have always required both time and
frequency accuracy, 3G and LTE FDD systems have only required frequency accuracy. Now with LTE-
advanced, both TDD and FDD systems will require time accuracy. GPS is the only practical ubiquitous
time dissemination technology available today, so distribution of time will always be based on a GPS
system, either with IEEE 1588v2 Precision Time Protocol (PTP), or with GPS at each and every site.
Installing GPS at every cell site is usually an expensive undertaking, and often not suitable for small
cells and locations where sky view may not always be available. The alternative of putting the 1588
PTP Grandmaster at the mobile core and distributing 1588 to the cell sites is also expensive because
all the network elements in between must support Sync-E/PTP in order to meet the required time
accuracy – which typically involves significant network upgrades.
The most cost effective and practical solution is to combine the GPS and PTP approaches by moving
the PTP Grandmaster as close as possible to the cell sites. This can reduce costs significantly by
eliminating the need for GPS at every site, and would not require an upgrade of the whole backhaul
network to support PTP, as described in the two solution diagrams below.
Because GPS is vulnerable to both unintentional and intentional interference such as jamming and
spoofing, GPS backup is important. The best way to achieve GPS backup is via Sync-E. RAD’s ETX
solution supports both a full featured PTP Grandmaster and Sync-E for GPS backup, while also
providing low cost access aggregation with integrated SLA assurance, circuit validation, fault isolation
and traffic management.

Solution 1: Dedicated PTP-GM (not “in-line”) with Complementary SLA Assurance Tools for Network
PM Segmentation and Fault Isolation:
Solution 2: In-Line ETX with PTP-GM and Complementary SLA Assurance Tools for Network PM
Segmentation and Fault Isolation:

5.4 Hosted “vNID” Supporting Mobile Operator and Wholesale Backhaul Provider
Simultaneously
Mobile operators rely on wholesale service providers to reach their out-of-franchise cell sites. The
contracts with the wholesale providers require that strict SLA guarantees are met. Wholesalers utilize
NIDs at the demarcation point to manage the service including traffic policing, circuit validation and
performance monitoring to ensure they have the tools to defend their SLA guarantees.
Mobile operators also require some form of demarcation at the cell sites. Some mobile operators will
deploy their own separate NIDS, while others will test to their cell site routers (CSR). Separate L2
NIDS are typically required for accurate monitoring and circuit validation since CSRs are typically L3
devices that are not optimized for L2 monitoring. The challenge for the mobile operator is how to
deploy and maintain NIDs out-of-franchise where the service provider has no facilities or technical
personnel.
The MEF has been working on a solution called the vNID or “Hybrid NID”, where a single device will
provide dual logical demarcation points for both the wholesaler and the mobile operator. The
demarcation functions include Service OAM for SLA assurance, but there are significant challenges
associated with two providers collaborating to deliver an Ethernet service.
RAD offers another alternative which is a miniature NID (MiNID) in a SFP sleeve format that the
wholesaler can insert into the UNI port delivering service to the mobile operator. The MiNID makes it
possible for the mobile operator to independently monitor and test the backhaul service, only without
the power, space and operational costs associated with maintaining a separate NID. The wholesaler
can offer this added value service in the form of a hosted “vNID” solution, as shown in the diagram
below:

5.5 Business Services over Backhaul Infrastructure
Wholesalers building out their access networks can easily reuse the same infrastructure to provide
carrier Ethernet services with SLA guarantees to businesses that are within a 15-mile radius of the
network. A dilemma has long existed as to whether point-to-point radios that offer low latency, high
bandwidth links should be selected over cost- and space-efficient multipoint radios that statistically
share bandwidth between many subscribers and require only a single antenna per sector.
RAD’s Airmux-5000 Point-to-Multipoint Ethernet Radio is a perfect solution because it provides
dedicated bandwidth per subscriber unit. This alternative offers the same advantage as a traditional
multipoint radio in that a single base station can support multiple subscriber units, but it goes a step
further by making SLA guarantees possible since bandwidth is assigned in fixed increments. The
Airmux-5000 supports 250 Mbps aggregate bandwidth and multiple frequency bands, and performs
excellently even in nLOS environments.

5.6 Comprehensive SAA Solution Including GbE/10G Rings, TDM & Timing for Macro
& Small Cells
This solution demonstrates the breadth of the RAD backhaul offering – from an SFP-based NID
(MiNID) to scalable 10GbE access/aggregation with 200G switch fabric. Service providers benefit from
quicker time-to-market, certification and OSS/BSS integration. The solution components work well
together with important capabilities such as hardware OAM, advanced traffic management and
standard G.8032v2 ring topology with sub-50ms failover.
The CE 2.0-certified ETX-205A is an award winning mobile demarcation device (MDD) that is ideal for
macro cell sites that require pure Ethernet or Ethernet and TDM backhaul. It also has a built-in 1588
PTP grandmaster option, ideal for providing small cells with master of backup timing. The MiNID
(Miniature NID) is an Ethernet demarcation device in an SFP form factor that is an excellent
complement for hosted NID services and small cell circuit validation and performance monitoring. The
CE 2.0-certified ETX-5300A Ethernet service aggregation platform is ideal for EVC and access
aggregation since it slashes port costs while also supporting advanced features such as 1588v2
Grandmaster, TDM circuit emulation and rings.

6 Complete ETX Carrier Ethernet / Mobile Backhaul Product
Portfolio
• Designed as MEF machines to deliver standardized E-Line, E-LAN and E-Tree services per MEF-
9 and MEF-14 specifications, as well as MEF-22-based mobile backhaul applications and E-NNI
support per MEF-26 for carrier to carrier connectivity. Conforms to emerging CE 2.0
specifications.
• The most sophisticated traffic management capabilities available, including multi-level
hierarchical scheduling with policers and shapers per UNI, EVC and EVC.CoS to optimize
bandwidth utilization while providing differentiated QoS to meet committed SLAs and
predictable performance for multi-priority traffic.
• Comprehensive set of hardware-based Ethernet OAM, fault management and performance
monitoring tools per IEEE 802.3-2005, 802.1ag and ITU-T Y.1731. Built-in RFC-2544 / ITU-Y
1564 tester capabilities and L2/L3 diagnostic loopbacks.
• Full suite of standards-based timing and synchronization over packet attributes.
• Extensive TDM pseudowire support: CESoPSN, SAToP, CESoETH; MEF-8 or UDP/ IP
encapsulation.
• Carrier-grade service resiliency with LAG, Ethernet Linear and Ring Protection Switching: ITU-T
G.8031, G.8032.
• Miniature NID (MiNID) for small cells and hosted “vNID” applications

6.1 Product Highlights and Building Blocks
Highlights
• MEF CE 2.0 certified including E-Line, E-LAN, E-Tree and E-Access
• Hardware-based forwarding to ensure low intrinsic delay (under 5 uSec)
• Hardware-based OAM for accurate SLA assurance (performance monitoring)
• Circuit validation tools including:
- Enhanced RFC-2544 / ITU-T Y.1564 for EVC.CoS circuit validation of up to 8 CoS
simultaneously
- ANSI in-band T1 facility loopback support
• Hierarchical traffic management:
- Up to 1MB CBS to accommodate LTE microbursts (e.g. 313KB for 500M CIR)
- “Multi-CoS“ for more efficient, predictable QoS for mobile backhaul (MEF 22.1 MBH)
• Carrier grade availability and reliability:
- Link aggregation per 802.3 clause 43
- ITU-T G.8032v2 ring protection with sub-50ms failover
• Environmentally hardened with redundant -48/24 VDC (field replaceable)
• Full service management including performance portal and SLA reports
• Full timing support including Grandmaster and one-way delay
• Pseudowire / circuit emulation to support TDM 2G/3G services

6.2 Building Blocks
ETX-205A: Ideal Mobile Demarcation Device for Cell Sites
• Six combo Ethernet ports – each capable of hardware-based OAM and per EVC.COS RFC-2544
• Policer CBS up to 1MB, e.g., for LTE microbursts requiring 313KB for 500M CIR
• 4/8 x T1/E1 ports for circuit emulation of legacy 2G/3G traffic
• ITU-T G.8031 path and G.8032v2 ring protection with sub-50ms failover
• Sync-E and PTP (Grandmaster, Slave or Transparent Clock) for timing services, and one-way
delay
• Environmentally hardened with redundant, field replaceable power supplies

ETX-220A GbE /10G Aggregator / Demarcation Device
• Flexible 10G aggregation with up to 3 x 10GbE and up to 20 x GbE
• Ring and linear protection ITU-T G.8032v2, ITU-T G.8031
• MEF CE 2.0 compliant Ethernet services: E-Line, E-LAN, E-Tree, E-Access
• Service validation: RFC-2544/ITU-T Y.1564
• Carrier grade design: service, port and power supply redundancy

ETX-5300A: MTSO Demarcation, Access Aggregation, Pseudowire and Timing
• Fully redundant hardware with in-service software upgrade capabilities
• Extensive toolset to deliver and manage SLA-based services
• Hierarchical traffic management including traffic profile per service
• 3U high modular unit combines scalability with performance
• 8K flows, 768 shaped EVCs, 256K MACs and 2,048 hardware OAM sessions
• Up to 16 x 10GbE and 80 x 1GbE for scalable Ethernet services to macro and small cell sites
• Up to 16 x OC-3/STM-1 for circuit emulation of legacy 2G/3G traffic (SATOP, CESoPSN, MEF8)
• Full timing support including PTP Grandmaster, slave, transparent clock and SyncE

MiNID: Fully Functional NID in an SFP Sleeve Form Factor (FE/GbE ordering options)
• Carrier Ethernet Service Demarcation
- Per-port/per-flow configuration, classification, VLAN manipulation, L2CP tunneling, S-VLAN
tagging, etc.
• Performance Monitoring and Diagnostics
- IEEE 802.3-2005; IEEE-802.1ag (CFM); ITU-T Y.1731
- Wire-speed 2544/Y.1564 responder & L2/L3 loopbacks
• Modular Design*
- SFP sleeve accommodates generic or code-locked SFPs
- Supports existing optics for improved inventory
• Management
- Zero-touch provisioning based on DHCP
- VLAN-based in-band or via I2C out-of-band channel
- Secure CLI (SSH) or web-based GUI (SSL)
• Target Applications
- Small cells – with space, cabling and power restrictions
- Wholesale backhaul – end-to-end service monitoring
- Network upgrades – boosts legacy switches and routers to carrier-grade Ethernet

RADview: Service Management with Performance Portal and SLA Reporting
RADview simplifies service provisioning by offering element and service configuration, activation and
discovery as well as OPEX reducing functions, such as job automation. RADview is a Java-based,
carrier-class network management system. The system features an embedded Oracle/Informix
database, and manages RAD’s Carrier Ethernet and TDM/SONET product portfolios as well as third
party devices. It conforms to the ITU-T model with end-to-end visibility, and its distributed client-
server architecture is scalable to support large growing networks.
As a modular management system, RADview is equipped with a number of standard northbound
interfaces for easy integration with OSS and umbrella systems. In addition to featuring a plug-in for
connecting to IBM Tivoli’s Netcool®/OMNIbus™ fault management program, the system allows
seamless communication with network-wide platforms for inventory (resource) management,
performance management, and service provisioning, as well as with carriers’ proprietary OSS.
In addition to supporting various APIs such as CORBA, MTOSI, SNMP, and CSV, RADview has evolved to
support element and service management capabilities with APIs that simplify integration by providing
OSS interfaces based on MEF attributes. RADview smoothly interacts with higher management levels
to communicate essential network information to service, operations and business management
functions. By serving as a mediation layer between the various network elements (NEs) and the
umbrella system, RADview minimizes the integration costs associated with new NE additions.

Key RADview features include:

6.3 Smart SFPs: Complementary, Compact Mobile Backhaul Problem Solvers
Add intelligence, media and protocol conversion to SFP concept
• SFP implementation saves on space, power and cabling
• Complements any Ethernet switch, NID, CSR or base station
Ethernet over TDM/SONET
MiRICi-T1/E1; MiRICi-T3/E3; MiRICi-155
• Wire-speed bridging
• I2C management integration into RAD’s ETX family
and IPmux-155
Ethernet over Bonded Copper
SFP-ER
• Extends Ethernet range from 100m to 550m at
100Mbps
• Symmetric bandwidth (unlike VDSL)
• Eliminates need to replace copper with fiber
• Plug & play device (no management required)
T1/E1 and T3/E3 Circuit Emulation over PSN
MiTOP-T1/E1, MiTOP-T3/E3
• TDM circuit emulation over PSN
• Multi-standard network encapsulation
• Advanced TDM synchronization
• I2C management integration into ETX family
Mobile Network
RNC/aGW
Router
MSPP
ETH
eNB
SONET
T1/T3/OC3
Mobile Network
RNC/aGW
Router
PSN
GE
RNC/aGW
BSC
PSN T1/T3
BTS

SLA Assurance over PSN
MiNID
• NID in an SFP form factor
• Wire-speed LB response
• Can measure/verify the SLA
• Named finalist for 2012 Leading Lights Awards: “Best Telecom Product”
7 Summary
Mobile operators are kicking into overdrive as they try to keep up with the insatiable demand for
bandwidth and widespread adoption of cloud-based services that exists among today’s device-driven
society. Critical to them as “fast pipe” providers is their ability to differentiate, which is best done by
improving network performance, expanding network coverage, and/or offering advanced LTE features.
Mobile Backhaul is evolving swiftly, as carriers migrate from TDM and SONET/SDH to Carrier Ethernet,
and then further on to MEF CE 2.0 for better scalability and cost structures. At the same time,
synchronization requirements are becoming more stringent to support LTE-Advanced, making timing a
crucial element.
RAD’s Mobile Backhaul solution helps mobile operators and their wholesale backhaul providers
improve network performance and expand network coverage. It includes a complete Carrier Ethernet
ecosystem of mobile demarcation devices, an aggregation platform, and a new miniature SFP-based
NID – all unified under our robust service management system featuring a performance management
portal and SLA reporting. Solution highlights include hardware-based OAM, SLA assurance, circuit
validation tools, hierarchical traffic management and full timing support including Grandmaster and
one-way delay.
ETH
eNB
PSN
E2E SLA Assurance
RNC/aGW GE

Several of RAD’s backhaul solutions, such as the CE 2.0-certified ETX-5300A Service Aggregation
Platform and ETX-205A Mobile Demarcation Device, have already been recognized by the industry as
best-in-breed (see below). In addition, the ETX-5300A was a finalist for LTE North America’s 2012
“Best Backhauling Solution”, and the MiNID SFP-Based Ethernet Demarcation Device was a finalist for
Light Reading’s Leading Lights 2012 “Best New Product” in the Telecom category.

The RAD name and logo is a registered trademark of RAD Data Communications Ltd.
© 2013 RAD Data Communications Ltd. All rights reserved. Subject to change without notice.
Version 5/2013 Catalog no. 802592
www.rad.com
North America Headquarters
RAD Data Communications Inc.
900 Corporate Drive
Mahwah, NJ 07430 USA
Tel: (201) 529-1100
Toll free: 1-800-444-7234
Fax: (201) 529-5777
E-mail: market@radusa.com
www.radusa.com
International Headquarters
RAD Data Communications Ltd.
24 Raoul Wallenberg St.
Tel Aviv 6971923 Israel
Tel: 972-3-6458181
Fax: 972-3-6498250
E-mail: market@rad.com
http://www.rad.com

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