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”INSTRUMENT
TRANSFORMER”
Presented by :
*Nishant kumar
Reg. No. 0701209350
Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Silicon institute of technology , Bhubaneswar
[ Contents ]
▪Instrument transformer
 Introduction
 Classification
▪Current transformer
Principle of Operation
Construction & Classification
 Application & Specification
2
▪ Potential Transformer
Principle of operation
Construction ,Classification & Application
▪Electromotive voltage
transformer
Introduction
Construction & Application
▪ Capacitive voltage transformer
Introduction
Construction & Application 3
[ Introduction of instrument
transformer ]A electrical device which help in measurement
of high voltage or current.
It provide low range current and voltage to the
protection system.
By using low range ammeter can measure
high current.
By using low range voltmeter can measure
high voltage.
4
[ Types of instrument transformer ]
Instrument transformer has two type
1) Current transformer
2)Potential transformer
5
[ current transformer ]
 It is normally known as CT.
This is a type of step up transformer.
This is step up transformer because when
we step up, the voltage increases and
current decrease.
 The current is step down in a known ratio
called current ratio.
6
[Construction of current transformer]
7
The current transformer has primary coil
of one or less no. of turns of thick wire
which is connected in series with the
transmission line.
It’s core is made of by rolled steel.
The secondary consist of large number of
turns of fine wire.
The secondary and primary winding are
insulated to each other and oil immersed.
Current transformer
8
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
9
[classification of current transformer]
On the basis of primary winding
1) Wound type
2) Bar type
On the basis of secondary winding
1) Ring type
2) Stadium type
3) Rectangular type
On the basis of working
1) Summation CT.
2) Core balance CT.
3) Interposing CT. 10
[ Standards ]
The Indian and international standard for CT
o Standard Standard no. Year⁞ ⁞
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
British BS 3938 1973⁞ ⁞
 American ANSI C.57.13 1978⁞ ⁞
 Australian AS 1675 1986⁞ ⁞
 India IS 2705 1992⁞ ⁞
 IEC IEC 60044-1 1996⁞ ⁞
(International electro technical commission)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Manufacturing company
 BHEL,CGL,ABB,Joti,Siemens… Etc.
11
[ Testing of current transformer ]
Different type of test :
 Accuracy test
 Dielectric insulation test
 Temperature rise test
 Verification of polarity test
Different method of testing
 Mutual induction method
 Silsbee’s method 12
[ Specification ]
 For a 11 kv CT.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 System voltage : 11 kv
 Insulation level voltage : 12/28/75 kv
 Ratio : 200/1-1-0.577 A
 Core 1 : 1 A metering
 Core 2 : 1 A protection
 Core 3 : 0.577 A, Class power supply
 Short time rating 20 kA for 1 sec
 Insulation security factor : ISF<10 13
[ POTENTIAL
TRANSFORMER ]Potential transformer normally known as
PT.
That is a type of step down transformer.
Step down transformer ,step down the
voltage and rise the current.
The voltage is step down in the known
ratio called voltage ratio.
14
[ principle of operation ]
It is always connected in parallel to the
transmission line.
It’s secondary winding is very low with
respect to the primary.
The secondary winding is designed so
that a voltage of 100 to 150 v is delivered
to the instrument load.
Line voltage =voltmeter reading/Ratio
Ratio=no. of turn in secondary/no.of turn in primary
15
POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
16
POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
17
[ construction of potential
transformer ]
Core size is large and made of by steel.
Primary side large no. of turn.
Secondary side only few no. of turn.
Secondary and primary winding are
insulated to each other and oil immersed.
18
[ classification of potential
transformer ]
Types of potential transformer
1) Shell type
2) Dry type
3) Oil type
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rating Type
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Below 5000 v Shell type
5000 – 138000 v Dry or oil type
Above 138000 v Only Oil type
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19
[ Standards ]
The Indian and international standard for PT
o Standard Standard no. Year⁞ ⁞
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 British BS 3841 1973⁞ ⁞
 American ANSI C.57.13 1978⁞ ⁞
 Australian AS 1243 1982⁞ ⁞
 India IS 3156 1992⁞ ⁞
 IEC IEC 186 1987⁞ ⁞
(International electro technical commission)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Manufacturing company
 BHEL,CGL,ABB,Joti,Siemens… Etc. 20
[ Testing of Potential transformer ]
Different type of test :
 Accuracy test
 Dielectric insulation test
 Temperature rise test
 Verification of polarity test
Different method of testing
 Absolute null method
 Employing capacitance divider method
21
[ specification ]
For a 11 kv VT :
System voltage : 11kv
Insulation level voltage : 12/28/75 kv
Number of phase : Three
Vector Group : star/star
Ratio : 11 kv/ 110 kv
Burden : 100 VA
22
[ Electro motive voltage
transformer ]
o Why not conventional type potential
transformer.
Above 100 kv , size are very large.
Insulation problem
High heating effect
Costly to build
23
[ designs ]
1. Insulated casing
 Use high voltage insulated oil
2. Moulded rubber potential transformer
 Replace oil and porcelain bushing to
the synthetic rubber.
3. Cascaded transformer
 For voltage divider cascaded n no. of
transformer.
24
[ capacitive voltage
transformer ]
A less expensive alternative of electro
magnetic voltage transformer.
Use no. of capacitor as a voltage
divider.
Less insulation problem.
Very cheaper.
Simple circuit.
25
CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE
TRANSFORMER
26
[ Design ]
 Use capacitor band.
Use an Auxiliary transformer.
Secondary have very low voltage.
Any bus bar protection system or any
measuring device connect to the
secondary of the auxiliary transformer.
27
CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE
TRANSFORMER
28
Application of instrument transformer
* It help in measurement of high voltage or current.
* It provide low voltage and current to the electrical
device.
* It’s measure application is in the protection system
where relay is work on low amount of voltage and current
29
REFERENCES :
• Introduction to the electrical machines.
Macmillan.
• Hand book of transformer design and
applications. McGraw-Hill.
• IEEE Transactions on power Apparatus
And System.
30
ANY
Query ???
31
Thank You !

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instrument transformer

  • 1. ”INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER” Presented by : *Nishant kumar Reg. No. 0701209350 Electrical & Electronics Engineering Silicon institute of technology , Bhubaneswar
  • 2. [ Contents ] ▪Instrument transformer  Introduction  Classification ▪Current transformer Principle of Operation Construction & Classification  Application & Specification 2
  • 3. ▪ Potential Transformer Principle of operation Construction ,Classification & Application ▪Electromotive voltage transformer Introduction Construction & Application ▪ Capacitive voltage transformer Introduction Construction & Application 3
  • 4. [ Introduction of instrument transformer ]A electrical device which help in measurement of high voltage or current. It provide low range current and voltage to the protection system. By using low range ammeter can measure high current. By using low range voltmeter can measure high voltage. 4
  • 5. [ Types of instrument transformer ] Instrument transformer has two type 1) Current transformer 2)Potential transformer 5
  • 6. [ current transformer ]  It is normally known as CT. This is a type of step up transformer. This is step up transformer because when we step up, the voltage increases and current decrease.  The current is step down in a known ratio called current ratio. 6
  • 7. [Construction of current transformer] 7 The current transformer has primary coil of one or less no. of turns of thick wire which is connected in series with the transmission line. It’s core is made of by rolled steel. The secondary consist of large number of turns of fine wire. The secondary and primary winding are insulated to each other and oil immersed.
  • 10. [classification of current transformer] On the basis of primary winding 1) Wound type 2) Bar type On the basis of secondary winding 1) Ring type 2) Stadium type 3) Rectangular type On the basis of working 1) Summation CT. 2) Core balance CT. 3) Interposing CT. 10
  • 11. [ Standards ] The Indian and international standard for CT o Standard Standard no. Year⁞ ⁞ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- British BS 3938 1973⁞ ⁞  American ANSI C.57.13 1978⁞ ⁞  Australian AS 1675 1986⁞ ⁞  India IS 2705 1992⁞ ⁞  IEC IEC 60044-1 1996⁞ ⁞ (International electro technical commission) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Manufacturing company  BHEL,CGL,ABB,Joti,Siemens… Etc. 11
  • 12. [ Testing of current transformer ] Different type of test :  Accuracy test  Dielectric insulation test  Temperature rise test  Verification of polarity test Different method of testing  Mutual induction method  Silsbee’s method 12
  • 13. [ Specification ]  For a 11 kv CT.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  System voltage : 11 kv  Insulation level voltage : 12/28/75 kv  Ratio : 200/1-1-0.577 A  Core 1 : 1 A metering  Core 2 : 1 A protection  Core 3 : 0.577 A, Class power supply  Short time rating 20 kA for 1 sec  Insulation security factor : ISF<10 13
  • 14. [ POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER ]Potential transformer normally known as PT. That is a type of step down transformer. Step down transformer ,step down the voltage and rise the current. The voltage is step down in the known ratio called voltage ratio. 14
  • 15. [ principle of operation ] It is always connected in parallel to the transmission line. It’s secondary winding is very low with respect to the primary. The secondary winding is designed so that a voltage of 100 to 150 v is delivered to the instrument load. Line voltage =voltmeter reading/Ratio Ratio=no. of turn in secondary/no.of turn in primary 15
  • 18. [ construction of potential transformer ] Core size is large and made of by steel. Primary side large no. of turn. Secondary side only few no. of turn. Secondary and primary winding are insulated to each other and oil immersed. 18
  • 19. [ classification of potential transformer ] Types of potential transformer 1) Shell type 2) Dry type 3) Oil type ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rating Type ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Below 5000 v Shell type 5000 – 138000 v Dry or oil type Above 138000 v Only Oil type -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
  • 20. [ Standards ] The Indian and international standard for PT o Standard Standard no. Year⁞ ⁞ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  British BS 3841 1973⁞ ⁞  American ANSI C.57.13 1978⁞ ⁞  Australian AS 1243 1982⁞ ⁞  India IS 3156 1992⁞ ⁞  IEC IEC 186 1987⁞ ⁞ (International electro technical commission) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Manufacturing company  BHEL,CGL,ABB,Joti,Siemens… Etc. 20
  • 21. [ Testing of Potential transformer ] Different type of test :  Accuracy test  Dielectric insulation test  Temperature rise test  Verification of polarity test Different method of testing  Absolute null method  Employing capacitance divider method 21
  • 22. [ specification ] For a 11 kv VT : System voltage : 11kv Insulation level voltage : 12/28/75 kv Number of phase : Three Vector Group : star/star Ratio : 11 kv/ 110 kv Burden : 100 VA 22
  • 23. [ Electro motive voltage transformer ] o Why not conventional type potential transformer. Above 100 kv , size are very large. Insulation problem High heating effect Costly to build 23
  • 24. [ designs ] 1. Insulated casing  Use high voltage insulated oil 2. Moulded rubber potential transformer  Replace oil and porcelain bushing to the synthetic rubber. 3. Cascaded transformer  For voltage divider cascaded n no. of transformer. 24
  • 25. [ capacitive voltage transformer ] A less expensive alternative of electro magnetic voltage transformer. Use no. of capacitor as a voltage divider. Less insulation problem. Very cheaper. Simple circuit. 25
  • 27. [ Design ]  Use capacitor band. Use an Auxiliary transformer. Secondary have very low voltage. Any bus bar protection system or any measuring device connect to the secondary of the auxiliary transformer. 27
  • 29. Application of instrument transformer * It help in measurement of high voltage or current. * It provide low voltage and current to the electrical device. * It’s measure application is in the protection system where relay is work on low amount of voltage and current 29
  • 30. REFERENCES : • Introduction to the electrical machines. Macmillan. • Hand book of transformer design and applications. McGraw-Hill. • IEEE Transactions on power Apparatus And System. 30