1. Name:___________________ Date:________
Living Environment Rabbi Goldberg
Human Digestive System
Vocabulary
•__________ - life function by which humans use for energy, growth, and repair
•___________- mouth
•___________- wave of muscular contractions
•__________- microscopic parts that help with absorption in the small intestine
•____________- bile movements (semi solid stored in rectum)
•_____________ - splitting by adding water (break down od big pieces into
smaller ones)
I. Let’s Review
a. One of the Life Process that is ________________________
_________________________________________________
b. Nutrition is needed for
i. _________________
ii. _________________
iii. _________________
c. In order for us to get nutrition we need to break down
_________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
II. Digestive System Overview
a. There are four parts to digestion
i. __________- taking in food
ii. ___________- mechanical and chemical breakdown of food
so that it can be absorbed by the cells
iii. ______________: cells lining the digestive tract take up
(absorb) small nutrient molecules
iv. ________________: undigested material passes out of the
digestive tract
III. There are two ways digestion breaks up the food
a. Mechanical digestion –
______________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
b. Chemical digestion –
i. hydrolysis –
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
( in other words; breaking complex molecules into simple
ones)
ii. The process of chemical digestion ( hydrolysis) is controlled
by _______________________

2. c. Examples of Chemical Digestion:
i. Carbohydrates+ water -> simple sugars (glucose for
instance)
ii. Proteins+ water -> amino acids
iii. Lipids+ water -> 3 fatty acids +glycerol
IV. HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
a. Oral Cavity
i. Oral Cavity _____________________________________
1. Used to _____________________________
b. Teeth –
1. ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
__________________________________________
c. Tongue
1. ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
d. Saliva
1. ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
e. Pharynx
i. Pharynx is another name
__________________________________
ii. The tongue pushes ________________________________
iii. This starts the ______________________
1. food is now in _____________________________
iv. Epiglottis: _____________________________________
f. Esophagus
i. Esophagus: ______________________________________
ii. by process of peristalsis:
________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
g. Stomach
i. Stomach: _________________________________
ii. mechanically churns food
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
iii. ___________________________________
iv. stomach empties in about 2-6hrs.,
v. food now liquid ______________________________
vi. Gastric Juice
1. Components of gastric juice:
a. water-solvent
b. mucus-lubrication

3. c. enzyme that begins chemical digestion of
protein
d. hydrochloric acid (HCl)
h. Small Intestine
i. the major organ ________________________________
_____________________________________________
ii. long twisted tube with small diameter,
iii. enzymes and fluids needed to complete
___________________________________________
1. ____________________________
2. pancreas______________________
3. liver-> gallbladder->small intestine
iv. Main organ for absorption
1. ___________- : fingerlike projections that increase
surface area of small intestine contain a network of
capillaries for absorption of amino acids and simple
sugars into blood, center contains lymph vessel called
lacteal which absorbs fatty acids
i. Large Intestine
i. The food now __________________________________
ii. It gets the food that has not been digested
1. ________________________________
2. ________________________________
iii. Reabsorbs the ___________________________________
________________________________________________
iv. the feces are stored at ______________________________
_______________________________________________
v. Leaves the __________________________________
V. Accessory Organs to the digestive system
a. Even though not part of the food tube there are important organs for
digestion
i. Liver
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
ii. Gallbladder
1. ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________

4. iii. Pancreas
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
VI. Some Digestive disorders
a. Constipation
i. ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
ii. Diarrhea
1. ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
iii. Gall stones
1. ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
iv. Acid reflux
1. ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
2. Appendicitis
a. _____________________________________