This document discusses ethics in cyber space. It begins by defining ethics as understanding how actions affect others, knowing right from wrong, and taking responsibility. It notes that what is unethical is not always illegal. The document then defines cyberethics as the study of ethics pertaining to computer networks and how technology affects individuals and society. It discusses several ethical issues like privacy, access rights, and harmful actions. The document provides examples of common unethical cyber behaviors like cyberbullying, plagiarism, and violating privacy policies. It emphasizes that everyone must be concerned with cyber ethics to ensure technology is used safely and for the benefit of society.

1. Ethics in Cyber Space

2. What are Ethics anyway?
 Understanding how your actions affect other people
 Knowing right from wrong
 Taking personal responsibility for your actions
 So , “Ethics is about putting principles into action. Consistency between what
we say and … what our actions say… is a matter of integrity.”

3. Unethical vs. Illegal
 What is unethical is not necessarily illegal.
 For example, the issue of a company legally monitoring Employee‟s E-mail is
very controversial issues.
 Employees have limited protection against employer‟s electronic surveillance.
 The law appears to support employer‟s rights to read electronic mail and
other electronic documents of their employees.
 Here, The definitions of “Right” and “Wrong” are not clear. Also, the
distinction between what is illegal and what is unethical is not always obvious

4. What do we mean by CYBERETHICS ?
 Cyberethics is the philosophic study of ethics pertaining to computer
networks, encompassing user behaviour.
 what networked computers are programmed to do, and how this
affects individuals and society.
 Cyber-Ethics is the Ethics applied to the online environment.

5. Why should we be Concerned about
Cyber Ethics ?
 Anonymous posting to blogs, websites and social media can encourage bad
behaviour anytime.
 Information in cyberspace can be accessed globally.
 what is right and wrong for Internet users can do,
 what are the social impacts of Information Technology (IT).
 understand security, privacy issues, and major negative impacts of IT on
cyberspace
 Computer Networks can be threatened by many internal and external hazards
internationally,

6. Why Cyber Ethics ?
Cyber Ethics underpin actions that must be
taken not only to harness the power of the IT
itself, but also to survive its revolution so it
should be the concern of everyone.

7. Three main types of Ethical issues
 Privacy
IT enables exchange of information on a large scale enables increased
potential for disclosing information and violating the privacy
 Access Right
The topic of computer security and access right has moved quickly from
being a low priority for corporations to high priority for government
agencies.
 Harmful Actions
Harm to any of users, the general public, employees, and employers .
Harmful actions include intentional destruction or modification of files and
programs leading to serious loss of resources or unnecessary expenditure of
human resources.

8. Let’s review and discuss some common
cyber-ethical
concerns…

9. Acceptable Use Policy (AUP)
Violations
 Disregard for technology or
network rules and policies. This
could be willful or unintended
disregard.

10. Piracy
 Unauthorized duplication and distribution of
items such as games, software, DVDs, music, etc.
 End User License Agreement Violation : When
you purchase a game or CD, you are purchasing a
license to USE them; you do not OWN them.

11. Plagiarism
 Using another person’s ideas,
words, images, or original works
as your own without
acknowledging the source.

12. Cyber-bullying
"Cyber-bullying" is when a child or
teen is tormented, threatened,
harassed, humiliated, embarrassed,
or otherwise targeted by another
child or teen using the Internet,
interactive and digital technologies,
or cell phones.

13. Cyber-libel
 Deliberate misrepresentation of
people or events.
 False statements that harm
another’s reputation.

14. Worms and Viruses
 Malicious programs shared
with the intent of shutting down
a computer or computer system.

15. Violating Privacy
 Willfully using another person’s
password to access his or her
email or documents online,
distributing private information
of or about another.

16. Cyber-stalking
 The use of the Internet, email,
or other electronic
communications devices
to stalk another
person.

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Fraudulent
Information
violation of
privacy
False Rumors Obscence
Information
Libel Information Civil Rights
Violation
Gambling
Information
Illegal Information on Internet

18. Call into Questions…
 Is it ok to display personal information
about other on the Internet ?
 Who owns digital data ( such as
music, movies, books, webpages etc.)
and what should users be allowed to do
with it ?
 Who is allowed to access the data and
information?
 How can we safeguards to ensure that
the information can be accessed only by
the right person or organizations?

19. Who should be Concerned about Cyber
Ethics ?
 businesses and governments rely on technical measures to protect themselves
from false information, stealing, deny access, or even destroy valuable
information.
 Self-protection is not sufficient to make cyberspace a safe place to conduct
business. The rule of law must also be enforced.
 Cyber ethics must be taught and reinforced at every level of computer use
 From the novice user just learning to navigate a computer and the
internet, to an information technology professional
 Those who use the internet in any mode must be taught ethical practices in
every aspect of its use

20. The Rules of Ethical Cyber Activity
 Basic Rule – Do not do something in cyber space that you would consider
wrong or illegal in everyday life
 Do not use rude or offensive language
 Do not be a bully on the Internet. Do not call peoples name, lie about
them, send embarrassing pictures of them, or anything else to try to heart
them.
 Don‟t encourage the cyberbullies. Do report cyberbullying.
 Do use internet for research and information but don‟t use copyrighted
information as your own.

21. The Rules of Ethical Cyber Activity
 Do not break into someone else‟s computer.
 Do not attempt to infect or in any way try to make someone else‟s computer
unusable.
 Don‟t share personal information too easily.
 Do use the internet to expand your social and business network but don‟t
hamper other in doing so.

22. Internet Safety
 Guard your privacy : What people know about you is up to you.
 Protect your reputation: Self-reflect before you self-reveal. What‟s funny or
edgy today could cost you tomorrow.
 Nothing is private online: Anything you say or do can be copied, pasted and
sent to billions of people without your permission.
 Assume everyone is watching: There is huge vast audience out there.
Someone you don‟t know also has access to your information.
 Apply the golden rule: If you don‟t want it done to you, then don‟t do it with
someone else.
 Watch the clock : A virtual hug never matches a real one. Balance your life.

23. Internet Safety
 Choose wisely: Not all the content is appropriate. You know what we mean.
 Don‟t hide: Using anonymity to cloak your actions doen‟t turn you into a
trustworthy, responsible human being.
 Think about what you see: Just because you find it over internet doesn‟t
make it true.
 Be smart, be safe: Not everyone is who they say they are. Be smart while
sitting online and interacting with people.

24. ACM Commitments on Ethics
1. Contribute to society and human being.
2. Avoid harm to others.
3. Be honest and trustworthy.
4. Be fair and take action not to discriminate.
5. Honor property rights including copyrights and patents.
6. Give proper credit for intellectual property.
7. Respect the privacy of others.
8. Honor confidentiality.
9. Contribute to society and human being.

25. CONCLUSION
 The new world of information society with global networks and cyberspace
will inevitably generate a wide variety of social, political, and ethical
problems.
 Basic issues have been solved partially using technological approaches and
legal laws in cyberspace.
 Guidelines and strategies should be implemented so that global information
can be exploited in a socially and ethically sensitive way for our future
benefit and applications.

26. CASE STUDY 1
Facebook confessions page

27. Facebook confessions page
 It is page on Facebook on which any one can anonymously post a
personal information.
 Juicy-campus launched in 2007 with the goal of enabling “online
anonymous free speech on college campuses”.
 College ACB.com in 2007 which peaked with over 900,000 views
in a single day
 College ACB closed down in October 2011 but anonymous online
confession sites didn‟t go away
What is it ?

28. Facebook confessions page
 US college students began using a combination of Facebook pages
and anonymous forms such as Google Forms or SurveyMonkey to
create school based Facebook Confession Pages.
 In India it started in IIT-B and just after one day It also started in
LNMIIT and various other collages.
 These services were controversial as many of the posted
confessions hurt the school‟s image.
What is it ?

29. Facebook confessions page
ANONYMITY is the answer to this.
 Anonymity is an important and useful tool in many
situations.
 Most adults have at some time read newspaper advice
columns where readers anonymously submit problems and
an “Agony Aunt” responds with advice so that others with
similar problems benefit.
 Voting is usually done anonymously to allow freedom of
expression and governments protect anonymous
whistleblowers with legislation.
Why do Students use them ?

30. Facebook confessions page
 And police “Tips” phone services assure anonymity as a way
of getting people to share others‟ misdeeds.
 Kids Help Phone encourages teens and children to phone in
and share their problems anonymously because this helps
teens and children to address problems they can‟t in other
ways
 What no one can deny is that the need to share
anonymously is deep-seated.
Why do Students use them ?

31. Facebook confessions page
 Facebook Confession Pages are simply pages that allow
students to anonymously submit their deepest secrets.
 The moderator of the page posts the confessions on the
Facebook page.
 Students who „like‟ the page can see each confession and
can „like‟ each confession and comment.
 The moderators of the page are often unknown to the
students, as are the contributors.
How do they work ?

32. Facebook confessions page
 The Facebook Confession Page model has caught on and
spreading fast.
 The pages are free, easy to set up and tap into this deep-
seated need teens and young adults have to share what
they‟re really thinking and feeling without fear of adult
sanctions.
How do they work ?

33. Facebook confessions page
 While the original intent of Facebook Confession Pages was
to offer a forum for students to share problems, concerns
and secrets that isn‟t all students are sharing. The online
dis-inhibition effect, a loosening of social restrictions and
inhibitions that would normally be present in social
interactions, means that many students want to also use
the confessions pages to share stories of alcohol and drug
use or sexual behaviour. In some cases the pages lead to
cyberbullying or even slander.
What are the problems ?

34. Facebook confessions page
 Invasion of Privacy
 Character Assassination
What is Unethical here ?

35. Facebook confessions page
 Experience in other jurisdictions suggests that taking pages
down won‟t solve the problem. Pages are easy to set
up, and often when one is taken down another pops up
right away moderated by a different student.
 Teens expressing depression, issues with body image or
alcohol and drug use should concern us all and rather than
preventing them from posting about it we should be looking
at the behavior and trying to address it.
What can educators and parents to do?

36. Facebook confessions page
 Students clearly have a need to post anonymously about
their problems, concerns and fears.
 Schools should embrace the opportunity and set up their
own “Confessions Pages”, moderated by students but with
guidelines
 Confession Pages and their associated problems also
highlight the need for greater education about digital
citizenship for students
What can educators and parents to do?

37. Facebook confessions page
 need to better understand the risks of posting and the
permanent and public nature of digital spaces.
 This starts at an early age with parents talking to children
about social media and modeling good online behavior
themselves.
What can educators and parents to do?

38. CASE STUDY 2
Napster vs RIAA

39. The Napster Controversy: RIAA vs. Napster
 In the summer of 1999, a website, www.napster.com, was
launched in the US. The website made it possible for its
users to freely share their music files through the Internet
with other users all over the world.
 The service became extremely popular within a short span
of time. The website attracted 1.6 million simultaneous
users during the height of its popularity in February 2000.
 Napster's offering of this 'peer-to-peer' technology was
strongly condemned by the Recording Industry Association of
America (RIAA), a trade group representing the world's
biggest record labels, Universal Music, Sony Music, Warner
Music, EMI Group and Bertelsmann AG.

40. Allegation on Napster
 RIAA alleged that Napster was engaging in or assisting others
in copying copyrighted music without payment or the
express permission of the rights owners.
 RIAA also claimed that Napster would significantly harm the
sales of the recording industry.
 In December 1999, the body sued Napster in the Federal
District Court for copyright infringements and petitioned the
court to shut down the website.

41. What Happened NEXT.
 The legal battle was covered extensively in the global media.
 In the beginning of July 2001, Napster had to stop offering its services
due to certain technical problems. While the company was working
towards setting the problems right and resuming operations, in mid
July 2001, a District Court Judge order barred Napster from offering
the file-sharing service.
 Even as Napster users strongly protested against the order, the
company appealed the ruling before the US Court of Appeals in San
Francisco. The Appeals Court granted Napster temporary reprieve
against injunction until a further review of the injunction request.
 Napster was eventually acquired by Roxio. In its second incarnation
Napster became an online music store until it was acquired by
Rhapsody from Best Buy on 1 December 2011.

42. Questions Raised
 The controversy raised several questions regarding the
impact of the emergence of newer technologies like Napster
on the traditional modes of conducting business.
 Was the recording industry using its financial power to
suppress technological innovations in the music business?
 Was Napster wrong in allowing people across the globe to
access music without paying for it and without the artistes'
permission?
 The case eventually came to be seen as a struggle by the
powerful entertainment industry against a new technology
threatening it.

43. Ethical Point of View
 Shared Music For Free But Not
FREE MUSIC.
What went wrong ?

44. Ethical Point of View
 Firstly, Because it caused Heavy Loses to the Recording
industry; Artists & Recording houses who spent millions in
productions.
 Secondly, It directly encouraged Piracy of Music and giving
birth to Many other similar websites
Why was it Unethical ?

46. Thank You…