The document discusses Catalonia's educational policies, which focus on consolidating Catalan citizenship through plurilingualism rather than multilingualism. The goal is to provide students with the competencies needed for the future, such as employability and sustainability. Schools are given autonomy to develop leadership and make international decisions. Immigrant populations in Catalonia are growing and the educational system aims to manage diversity and promote intercultural dialogue.

1. 1
Immigration, education and language
Plurilingualism versus multilingualism
Looking for collective empowerment
Maria Neus Lorenzo i Galés
nlorenzo@xtec.cat
in Catalonia

2. 2
Summary
• Catalan educational policy focuses on
consolidating and enriching Catalan citizenship in
Europe (plurilingualism versus multilingualism).
• The educational system is oriented towards
providing citizens in new generations with the
necessary competencies to face employability,
sutainability and other challenges of the future.
• Autonomy at schools develops leadership and
decision making for dealing with international
compatibility and comparability.

3. 3
Content
• The Catalan culture: what are we talking about?
• New challenges for facing the future
• European language policies in education
and collective empowerment in Catalonia

4. 4
The Catalan culture...
what are we talking about?

5. 5
Culture, the extension of human beings
Culture is the result of cognition, the human mutation
that extends us into new environments
and allows us to discover original solutions
to emerging challenges.
Jorge Wagensberg
2010:
• International Year of Biodiversity
• European Year for fighting against poverty and social
exclusion

6. 6
There are no bridges between cultures,
Culture is the bridge
complexity
abstraction recursivity
combinatory creativity

7. 7
Saving diversity is a long term investment
Biodiversity Cultural
diversity
Benefits:
-planetary survival
-health research reservoir
-flexible response for Life
and Nature
-wider resource pool
for facing crisis
-adaptation
Diversity should not be unequity

8. 8
Catalonia in Europe
32.000 Km2 , 7.364.078 inhabitants (2008)
15.96% of the Spanish population
946 municipal locations
Political autonomy in Spain
LANGUAGE POPULATION LANGUAGE POPULATION
German 90.2 M
French 62.7 M
English 62.2 M
Italian 57.4 M Hungarian 10.5 M
Spanish 39.8 M Czech 10.3 M
Polish 38.7 M Bulgarian 8.3 M
Catalan 10.8 M Slovakian 5.4 M
Greek 10.6 M Lithuanian 3.7 M
Portuguese 9.8 M Latvian 2.4 M
Swedish 9.3 M Slovene 2.0 M
Danish 5.2 M Estonian 1.4 M
Finnish 5.1 M Maltese 0.4 M

9. 9
Catalan Challenge:
vulnerability and dispersion
Inclusive strategies
for social cohesion
• 10M speakers in 4 countries
(Spain, Andorra, Italy, France)
• Identity vs. Globalization
• From Bilingualism to Plurilingualism
• Multiculturalism vs. Intercultural dialogue
Inner frontiers are the ones that really separate us

10. 10
Sharing past?
Geographical and institutional space?
Common past?

11. Immigrant students
11
Immigrant student growth
Immigrants students in Catalonia
180000
160000
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
106.746
133.000
51.926
16.921
1991-1992
1995-1996
1999-2000
2000-2001
2001-2002
2002-2003
2003-2004
2004-2005
2005-2006
2006-2007
2007-2008
2008-2009
2009-2010
Alumnat Estranger
Spain: 8,37 %
0.81%
13.65%
10.05%
7.65%
5.04%
9.03%
14.15%
in Catalonia
23.778
148.525
93.831
121.622
34.797
74.491
19.793
9.868
155.213
Source: http://www.idescat.cat/pub/?id=aec&n=274&t=2008

12. Sharing present?
12
An oral and written shared language?
Known and shared empowered values?

13. Students newly arrived in Catalonia
ordered by originating country
13
931 981 1.102 1.216 1.377 1.519
1.847 1.931 1.933
2.491 2.502 2.720
3.371
3.788
5.159
5.806 5.962
6.329
14.073
1
29.561
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
Bulgària
Veneçuela
Regne Unit
Itàlia
Ucraïna
Rússia
Brasil
Uruguai
Rep. Dominicana
Xile
Pakistan
Gàmbia
Perú
Colòmbia
Xina
Argentina
Bolívia
Romania
Marroc
Equador
Source: Servei d’Immersió i Ús de la llengua, 2008

14. 14
Sharing the future?
Sense, vision and will of common future?

15. 15
Usage of official languages in Catalonia
2008
Friends
FaMemmbrielsy de la llar Amistats
Companys d'estudi
Work Schoolmates
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
0,00 500,00 1.000,00 1.500,00 2.000,00 2.500,00
Companys de feina
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
0,00 500,00 1.000,00 1.500,00 2.000,00 2.500,00
NeiVgeïhnsbours
0,00 500,00 1.000,00 1.500,00 2.000,00 2.500,00
Source: http://www.idescat.cat/

16. 16
Multilingualism or Plurilingualism?
(Leonard Orban, Commissionate for Multilingualism, EU 2001)
Several monolingual societies ? One plural society?
An educational policy for dealing with diversity

17. Language dymamics:
~ 5000 - 5500 languages in the world
17
About 8-10 % disappear every year
Only 10% are active in the Internet space
(40 languages for 99,3 % of users)
80 % are no-state, minority languages
75% are threatened or in danger
In 100 years
about 2500 will disappear (50 %)
When a language disappears,
a whole culture vanishes, with its unique,
collective, unrepeateble view of reality.
Source: « Halte à la mort des langues » Claude Hagège

18. 18
New challenges for facing the future

19. - Contradictions
- Uncertainty
- Acceleration
- Social transformation
- Transformation Society
19
Common challenges: sustainability
Globalization
Identity
- Plurilingualism
- Interculturalism
- Diversity, collective
richness
- Complexity of
competencies
- Professional flexibility
NASA: Hubble 2009 http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/multimedia/ero/index.html

20. 20
Community building: intercultural dialogue
Inclusion
- self-recognitions
- participation
- leadership
- vision of the future
- dealing with diversity
Dealing with diversity for
empowering rights and duties
reading, speaking, writing, listening, dialoguing
interacting in many languages

21. A search for a common European answer
to a common European challenge
 Creating a common European citizenship (Prospects: enlarging
complexity and diversity
 Education: relevant to the labor market
(literacy & key competencies)
 Convergence: comparable degrees, towards transnational studies
21
 Lifelong learning programs 2007-2013 & 2014-2020
 Integrating ICT tools & e-learning in educational systems
Language plurality and cultural diversity
(mother tongue +2)
29 countries : Joint declaration, European Ministers of Education
(Terry Mitchell, promoter of EHEA: European Higher European Area, Bologna 1999, Berlin 2003, Bergen 2005
http://www.bologna-berlin2003.de/pdf/bologna_declaration.pdf Also: Lisbon agreement 2000, revision London 2007)

22. 22
European educational policy is linked to…
• Social inclusion: core skills, quality of the higher
education system
• Innovation: creativity and autonomy
• Industry: entrepreneurship, competitiveness
• Research: sciences & technology
• EU Framework strategy for multili/pluri-lingualism
• Labor market: Recognition of professional qualifications
(Directive 2005/36/EC)
23/10/2009 - "The benefits and challenges of linguistic diversity in Europe” (Leonard Orban)
Source: http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/09/1574&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en
And Web: http://ec.europa.eu/commission_barroso/orban/index_en.htm

23. 23
Improving competencies for 21st C
Future cooperation on:
• Developing action plans to increase levels of reading literacy and numeracy, including the use of target-setting;
• Reinforcing transversal as well as subject-based competencies, particularly learning- to-learn; and
• Adopting a comprehensive approach to competence development, encompassing curricula, learning materials, teacher
training, personalised learning, and assessment techniques.
Future co-operation on:
• Generalizing access to high quality pre-school education;
• Measuring and improving the equity impact of school education systems, and reducing quality differences between schools;
• Ensuring that school systems facilitate successful transitions between different school types and levels, and into further
education and training;
• Reducing early school leaving
• Providing more timely support and personalised learning approaches within mainstream schooling for students with special
needs.
Future co-operation on:
• Ensuring that teachers’ initial education, induction and ongoing professional development are coordinated,
coherent, adequately resourced and quality assured; and improving the supply, quality and take-up of in-service
teacher education;
• Reviewing teacher recruitment to attract the most able candidates, select the best applicants, and place good
teachers in challenging schools; and
• Improving the recruitment of school leaders and equipping them to focus on improving student learning and
developing school staff.
Source: Communication from the Commission, 3.7.2008:
Improving competences for the 21st Century:
An Agenda for European Cooperation of Schools.
Web: http://www.eun.org

24. 24
Improving competencies for 21st C
Excellency
Equity
Efficiency
Source: Communication from the Commission, 3.7.2008:
Improving competences for the 21st Century:
An Agenda for European Cooperation of Schools.
Web: http://www.eun.org

25. 25
European language policies in
education
and collective empowerment in
Catalonia

26. Evolution of teaching language Models
26
Language policy :
Segregated Models: Academic learning, informative, selective, restrictive,
formal and elitist teaching, focused on linguistic knowledge...
Integration Models: Communicative and functional approach,
incorporated and added learning, vocational training,
focused on language assimilation...
Inclusive Models: Cohabitative, interactive, social approach,
intercultural dialogue, ethical management of diversity, and
acceptance of plurality focused on plurilingualism and intercultural
dialogue...

27. Accademic achievement in Catalonia
Equity for granting opportunities
27
Estudis de la població
100%
50%
0%
1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2007
1 2 3 4 5 6
Sense estudis Estudis primaris Estudis secundaris Estudis superiors
(population over 10 years old)
Source: INDESCAT http://www.idescat.cat/territ/BasicTerr?TC=5&V0=3&V1=0&V3=762&V4=763&ALLINFO=TRUE&PARENT=25&CTX=B

28. 28
Languages,
the common opportunity
Eficience
Evolution of foreign language knowledge
25
20
15
10
5
0
in Catalonia
2003 2008
% of
pobulation
Anglès
Francès
Alemany
Àrab
Gallec
Source: Indescat: http://www.idescat.cat/territ/BasicTerr?TC=5&V0=3&V1=3&V3=3372&V4=3373&ALLINFO=TRUE&PARENT=25&CTX=B

29. 29
Plurilingualism
Efficiency
for empowering Catalan sdociety
7 languages
5 languages!
Tamazigh (Amazic) is the 3rd language in Catalonia

30. 30

31. 31
Sharing
in diversity
Moltes gràcies!