This document outlines a studio project for designing a park in Toledo, Ohio using dredged material from the Maumee River and Bay. The project studied current dredged material management practices and issues in Toledo's harbor. Students developed designs for Edison Park that incorporated large amounts of dredged material to create landforms and landscapes while providing new recreational opportunities and enhancing the environmental health of Lake Erie.

1. designing dredge studio: toledo
pennsylvania state university
department of landscape architecture
fall 2012
instructor: sean burkholder
Department of Landscape Architecture
College of Arts and Architecture

2. special thanks to:
Joe Cappel and the Toledo Port Authority
Kristin Gardner and Hull and Associates
Sandy Bihn and the Lake Erie Water Keeper / Toledo Lighthouse Society
Robin Whitney and the City of Toledo
document prepared by:
Sean Burkholder
Assistant Professor of Landscape Architecture
slb59@psu.edu
in collaboration with:
students enrolled in PSU LARCH 414 Studio
Fall 2012
image: toledo port authority

3. image: noaa

4. The United States Army Corps of Engineers and its associated contractors annually dredge over 4 million cubic
yards of material from Great Lakes navigation channels. Half of this material is placed within confined disposal
areas (CDF) while the other half is open-water disposed or re-used for other purposes such as habitat creation
or as a supplemental construction material. This process thus converts over half of the material dredged from
the Great Lakes back into new land in some form; unfortunately at first glance this newly configured land is much
less productive and valuable than its non-eroded past life. These undervalued sediment-scapes are however
some of the most dramatic and biologically diverse landscapes in the city and are laden with potential if correctly
considered.
Of that 4 million cubic yards of dredged material, about 1/4 of it is pulled from the harbor in the city of Toledo,
Ohio. The USACE map on the facing page shows the 20-mile federally-managed shipping channel cut into three
pieces to fit on the page. The USACE map below indicate the critical condition present in Toledo, in terms of
quantity and placement options. With a depth rarely exceeding 10 feet, the western basin of Lake Erie require
Dredged Material Management
constant management in order to provide adequate shipping draft depths. The complexity in moving this large
volume of material is compounded by the speculated (but highly likely) environmental issues associated with its
Current Conditions
The GLNS is facing within the lake. While many challenges. Figure 10 the
open placement many dredged material managementother states within belowGreat Lakes Basin do not permit open water
illustrates
status
dredged material
disposal, the current Lakes. ofHarbors designatedmanagement at eachEngineers have established several agreements that
The state of Ohio and the U.S. as “red”Corpsdredged material
Army have of commercial
harbor on the Great
permit this placement while satisfying the general concernsnavigation
management issues that could limit the ability of USACE to maintain federal of the Ohio Department of Natural Resources. It is
channels and therefore this channel availability within five years. Yellow harbors
assumed that while restrictarrangement is not ecological optimal, it is the only feasible method of addressing the
would be affected within 10 years, and green harbors are expected to have no pressing
large volume of material within the navigation channel. a critical open water disposal may always be a reality for the
issues within the next ten years. Additional details on harbors with While dredged
material management status are included in the sought Sheets Appendix D.
city, alternatives are constantly being CDF Fact to minimize it.
DREDGED MATERIAL MANAGEMENT STATUS
Figure 10: The dredged material management status for all GLNS commercial harbors has been
identified by the GLNS Team. Harbor status was determined by factors including, but not limited
to, remaining CDF capacity, annual dredging requirements and material disposal options;
Cleveland and Toledo are cross-hatched to indicate the criticality of DMM issues in those harbors.
image: u.s. army corps of engineers
The studio itself was broken into two
projects. The first of which (Project
1) studied the site scale interventions
that would be made possible with
a large influx of dredge material.
The redevelopment of parks and
residential neighborhoods with new
dredge-infused topography was the
primary outcome of many projects.
While this scale of projects served a
significant social function, even the
largest of projects could only manage
a year or two of dredge material before
reaching capacity. The second project
of the studio, was aimed at dealing
with much larger volumes of material
by considering the entire Maumee
Bay.

5. While issues of dredge management were a primary topic of focus, there were many interrelated issues. The
most important of these issues is the environmental health of Lake Erie. As the most ecologically productive of
the Great Lakes, it is also the most shallow. This condition makes it very susceptible to ecological stresses such
as pollution and invasive species. Another factor in the Maumee Bay is the historic Toledo Harbor Lighthouse.
This structure was built in 1904 and exists as a valuable piece of cultural infrastructure. Its location also marks
the north extent of what is considered the Maumee Bay. Many of the projects looked to take on both ecological
issues and incorporate the Harbor Lighthouse.
The conditions in Toledo are not fantasy. The same reality is true for the proposed projects. The situation is
growing desperate and with it, the list of possible considerations becomes more fantastical. New island CDFs,
submerged and emerged habitat restoration ares (HRU), upland farmland placement, existing habitat nourishment,
abandoned mine disposal via rail and material recycling have all been considered with complete seriousness.
While the management of this material appears to be placing an incredible burden on the region, an opportunity
could be discovered in this process to completely reconsider the relationship between dredge and the city. In no
place is this more possible than in the city of Toledo.
image: u.s. army corps of engineers

6. project 1
image: sean burkholder

7. image: sean burkholder

8. Gabriella Salvemini [independence park]
Project Statement
As dredging continues in the city of Toledo, there is a need for beneficial use of the abundant silts and clays taken
out of the Maumee river and bay. Toledo is abundant in green space, and lacking verticality in the landscape. The
purpose of this design is to introduce monumental landform that can be both a public amenity and a beneficial use
of dredge material. Utilizing the idea of a canyon as inaccessible landform, three monumental mounds ranging
in size from 40-60 feet in height rise above the river, containing about two years’ worth of dredge material. Inaccessible habitat creation in the form of retaining wall mounds form visual landscapes; the public experience the
site through recreation trails and spaces that access the verticality of the tallest mound. The space is a place for
containment of dredge, new habitat, and new forms of recreation for the city. It is the hope that this design can
show how dredge material can inhabit a visible area of the city and enhance a public experience that sheds positive light on dredge in the Maumee.
Canyon section
2’ gabion
1’
10’ wide pathway
7’
6’ segmented wall
5’
4’ segmented wall
2’ gabion
120
layer 3
layer 2
dredge layer 1
1’
3’ gravel setting bed
4
steel sheet piling to retain dredge
gabion walls filled with
reclaimed material
1.5’
2.5’
NTS

9. 3
Site features
River path
Recreation path
Accessibility: full
Purpose: walking/running
Materials: gravel base
10’ wide path highlights views
to Toledo skyline, sheet pile
retaining walls reflect history
of the city
5
Public mound(s) 1
Accessibility: partial
Purpose: recreation, views to skyline
Materials: gabion retaining walls, dredge
Amount of dredge contained: 158,336.5 y3
2
Elevated walkway
4
Accessibility: full
Purpose: recreation, views to skyline
Materials: concrete, steel I-beam support
Aesthetic mound 2
Accessibility: none
Purpose: visual interest, dredge retainment
Materials: sheet pile retaining walls, dredge
Amount of dredge contained: 156,832.3 y3
Natural Inspiration
3
Functional mound 3
Accessibility: none
Purpose: dredge containment
Materials: sheet pile retaining walls, dredge
Amount of dredge contained: 381,724.3 y3
1
Total Contained Dredge Material:
696,893.1 y3
Dewatered Dredge volume/year:
360,000 y3
5
Bird’s eye view
Public mound includes a 20’ high sledding hill
at 20-30% slope with 10’ wide level space at
top for further recreation
Toledo, OH
International Park
0 62.5 125
N Scale
Mound creation
Void spaces create
mounds
wa t
abstracted
er c
Overall dimensions
Acres: 42
o ur
Height of mounds
se
40’ public
60’ public
40’ functional
40’ functional
40’ functional
36’ functional
’
360
8’
28
305
40’ for combined sewer pipe
as
5’
4’
L
5’
5’
7’
6’
60’ mound 1
40’ mound 3
tp
ha
se
e
as
st
ph
0 20 40
7 layers maximum
1 Site section
Fir
Phasing
For mounds 2 and 3,
utilizing sheet pile retaining
walls
40’ mound 2
12’ wide walkway allows access to the 45’
elevation on the public mound, providing
sweeping views of downtown Toledo and the
Maumee River
One Sea Gate Building: 411’
Elevated walkway
8’
2
3,750’ or 0.7 miles
Comparison
80’
250’

10. Matthew Chiampi [independence park]
International Park Toledo, OH
Eight billion gallons of sewage is dumped into the Maumee River and Lake Erie annually. Akron and Toledo
contribute about almost 90% of that sewage pollution and Toledo itself accounts for 44%. The issue of sewage
pollution and open-lake dredging are two of the main reasons for the declining of overall health of Lake Erie.
Combined sewer systems are not an issue but in Toledo’s case, the problem lies in part with the combined
sewer system overflow. The combined sewer transport both stormwater and sewage to eventually be treated in
cdf containers calculations
a treatment plant. When flows become too extreme for the system to handle, the overflow system is initiated
pumping both stormwater and sewage into the Maumee River and Lake Erie.
pedestrian access
full containment cdf
pedestrian walkway
interaction cdf
restored wetland
open recreation cdf
To help alleviate this issue, I propose tapping into existing stormwater systems and diverting it to be day-lighted
5,531,546.24 cu. institute delineation of the
at International Park. This would produce a “stormwater watershed,” which wouldft.
surrounding context where water would be harnessed and then transported to the site. Ideally, this system
would be able to incorporate dredge material by creating containers (CDF’s) for dredge material and using
dredge material to contain. A folded landscape along with underground cisterns would allow for flows of
1,423,650.98 cu. ft.
stormwater to slow, filter through percolation, enter holding cisterns, and re-enter the system decreasing the
frequency of combined sewer overflow polluting.
Entirely new combined sewer systems may contain increased amounts of stormwater but still have the
2,548,322.29 cu. ft.
possibility to pollute through overflows. Rather than raise the city’s storwmater budget on costly infrastructure
improvements, Toledo can utilize the existing needed process of dredging to create landscapes that filter, slow,
and decrease quantities of stormwater that enter the existing system. This can transform dredge material into a
highly useful resource to not only the city of Toledo, but also to Lake Erie.
meadow landscape
3,971,973.27 cu. ft.
interaction cdf
bio-filtration landscape
dredged channel
0
0
400’
35,417,159.31 cu. ft.
= 48,892,652.09 cu. ft. of dredge
site masterplan
50’
site details

11. 1 interaction
2 open recreation space
3 full containment
+
1 containers
2 dump dredge
3 cap + finish
site process
1 bio-filtration
2 meadow
1 landscape fold =
36,541,537 cub. ft.
dredge material
containers
restored wetland
pedestrian circulation
cdf typologies
folded landscape
3 restored wetland
cs pipe + cisterns
4 light recreation
site axonometric
dredge typologies
CDF PERSPECTIVE

12. Larch 414
International Park
11/2/2012
Thomas Kyd
Master Plan
Design Intent
The 28 million dollar proposed pipeline is scheduled to be implemented in 2015. This pipe holds a storage volume of 4.9 million
gallons (24,000 cubic yards), this cut sub terrain of the pipeline
volume will be mixed with dredge material in order to create the
landscape found thought the site. These large mounds contain a
total volume of 57,050 cubic yards of dredge material and will
create a rare landscape that defines the constructed environment. The undulating mounds will also give Toledo residents a
space that cannot be found anywhere around the city. This
dredge material will be taken from Confined Disposal Facilities
(CDFs), and trucked to the site. The added commercial areas will
attract additional visitors and allow for a diverse experience.
Riparian buffer comprising of native
species. These riparian areas will
allow for a variety of plant species,
reduction in pollution, and a diverse
visual experience.
Entrance path that leads to the main
boardwalk.
Entrance path that leads to both the
bike and pedestrian paths. This path
moves along a 10ft high mound with
a volume of 850 cubic yards.
Start of the main boardwalk that runs
along the riverfront.
Existing entrance road to site.
Renovated parks and recreation
building. Surrounded by a 1300 cubic
yard mound.
4
Commercial Water Front
An added architectural building
design that features a restaurant in
order to help attract more visitors
and give an exclusive riverfront
experience.
Existing commercial buildings will
remain.
2
Spiral Mound
The largest dredge mound accompanied by a spiraling path that leads a
visitor almost 30 ft above the existing
grade. This elevated visual view will
give the visitor a unique experience.
The dredge mound has a volume of
approximately 25,000 cubic yards.
Docking area will expand in order to
give additional space for visitors to
come by boat.
The site is defined by the landscape
forms and thus constructed element
revolve around the position of these
forms.
The existing parking lot will be
utilized but 1/3 of the original
parking area will be taken away.
Landscape is built around proposed
buildings to create a transition of
hierarchy.
Volleyball court area will be moved
and downsized in order to make
room for landscape features and
additional commercial space. The
surrounding three mounds hold a
combined volume of 3500 cubic
yards.
These landforms not only hold 2500
cubic yards of dredge material but
are also used to create a varied
topography to create an interesting
change that is found no where else in
Toledo.
This last commercial building is built
into the landscape creating an
inspirational ideology of designing
within the dominant landscape. This
landscape mound has a volume of
approximately 2000 cubic yards.
Riparian buffers will be included
along the boardwalk to create a
diverse number of species, allow for
proper stormwater infiltration and
give a change in the boardwalk
experience.
1
The mounds also contain native
species commonly found within a
northern majestic forest.
Another spiral path mound that holds
9500 cubic yards of dredge. These
types of mounds contain ground
flora and fauna for a more open
experience, slope stabilization, and to
deter visitors from diverging off the
path.
Boardwalk with Mound
Existing trail head will be preserved
and repaired if the pipeline has
damaged it.
3
Connection between the main
boardwalk and walking paths that
move throughout the site. The
remaining dredge mounds found
above and below the connection
consist of a combined 5000 cubic
yards.
The total volume of all of the mounds
found throughout the site comprises
of 57,050 cubic yards of dredge
material.
Forested areas will contain natural
openings, allowing for a diverse set of
species and a variety of experiences.
This mound has a volume of 1800
cubic yards.
Commercial Mound
Existing road will change due to the
landforms of the dredge material
allowing for a unified hierarchy which
is defined by the landscape.
As a continued threshold from the
more structured commercial area
decreases, the amount of dredge
mounds and forested area will
increase. This mound holds 4600
cubic yards.
Purposed E-3 Storage pipeline to be
implemented in 2015.

13. Ashley Reed Table of Contents
[edison park]
Design Abstract
Thomas Edison6 Park
2-5 Toledo Park Infrastructure Research
Urban Entertainment
Precedents
7
Site Plan
8
Park Features and Ampihtheatre CDF
9
Section A: Road to Stage
9
Section B: Marina to Rails to Trails
9
Elevation C: Boardwalk Bridge
10
Urban Camping
11
Toledo Park Infrastructure Research
The Thomas Edison Park was designed to create an urban outdoor entertainment
space for the city of Toledo. Toldeo’s greenspace infrastructure lacks natural areas,
entertainment venues and a connection to surrounding areas and future
development; this design brings these amenities together in a naturalistic urban
entertainment park. The main feature of the park is the Edison Amphitheatre to hold
weekly attractions such as concerts, speakers, movie nights, and other large events.
The Forest Clearings are intimate flexible spaces that can act as picnic areas or be
turned into campgrounds for large events bringing in revenue for the city. The
Edison Boardwalk and Skyline Outlook bring visitors out to the Maumee River and
also offer views of Toledo’s industrial infrastructure as well as the skyline and the
bridge. The Boardwalk Bridge connects the site to the Maritime Museum and future
development. The Event Lawn and Formal Welcome Area create open space to hold
large community events such as farmer’s markets, snowball fights, carnivals and
fairs, sporting events, and also can be converted to a large campground for events.
Finally the Constructed Wetland creates a contrast in not only form but the
environmental habitat on site. These features work together to create an urban
entertainment park that will serve Toledo and the surrounding communities for years
to come.
Evening on the Boardwalk
Ashley Reed
The Pennsylvania State University
Landscape Architecture 414
November 2012
Map and Table Data Source: The City of Toledo Division of Recreatio
Recreation
Thomas Edison Park
Thomas Edison Park
2
1
Urban Entertainment
Urban Entertainment
Evening on the Boardwalk
Thomas Edison Park
11
Urban Entertainment
Urban Camping
Thomas Edison Park
10
Urban Entertainment

14. Skyline Outlook
Boardwalk Connection to
Maritime Museum
• Boater’s Entrace
• Allows Boaters to Dock and
Attend Events
• Gathering Area for
Campers
• Views towards
Downtown Toledo
Boardwalk Bridge
• Has 14’ Boat
Clearance
Constructed
Wetland
Skyway Stage
Edison Boardwalk
• Brings visitors
to the water
• Views of Bay,
Bridge, and
City
• Natural Area
• Maumee Fed
• Dredge lined
for nutrients
• Variety of Events
• Veterans’ Glass
City Skyway as
backdrop
A
Rails to Trails
• Connection to City’s
Existing Trail System
• Entrance for Pedestrians
and Cyclists
C
Maritime Museum
Edison Amphitheater
• Seating for Events
• Mini-CDF for Dredge
• Backside is a
constructed grassland
Park Trail System
Maritime Museum Boat
Docks
• Extends, throughout
the site, the City’s trail
system
B
Separation Mound
• Give’s site connection
Boating community
• Block’s site from road
• Dredge Material
• Constructed Grassland
Formal Welcome Area
• Entrance for Pedestrians
and Cyclists
Main Entrance
Parking Lot
• Driver’s Entrace
• Existing Maritime
Parking lot renovated with more
spaces and a drop off
Separation Mound Event Lawn
• Block’s site from
road
• Renovation
and Extension
Forest Clearing • Dredge Material
• Constructed
of existing tree grove • Intimate
Grassland
• Natural Area
Gathering
Areas
• Camping
• Picnics
Forest
Connection to Front Street
Park Features
32
16
64
Section B: Marina to Rails to Trails
0
32
16
64
Elevation C: Boardwalk Bridge
0
32
16
64
• Another Space with a
variety of Events
• Central Gathering Area
0
Thomas Edison Park
9
Urban Entertainment
64
32
128
5’ Contours Shown
(Exceptions at the start
of the landforms)
Amphitheatre CDF
Thomas Edison Park
Natural Area’s
• Forest
• Wetland
• Grassland
• Connection to water
• Heavily Planted
Boat Connections
2’ Sheet Piles for Sitting Nooks
• Maritime Museum Boat Docks
• Boardwalk Bridge connecting Museum to site
Forest Clearings
1.5’ Sitting Wall
• Campgrounds for large events, brings in revenue to Toledo
• Intimate Gathering Areas
6” Clean Soil Cap
• Picnic Areas
Trails
• Network throughout site
• Connection to Rails to Trails
Lighting
• Taking advantage of bridge and industrial lights on the river
• Mimicking industrial lights with bulb lights on boardwalk
Lawn Maintenance
7’ Drilled Sheet Pile
• Main Gathering Lawn, Amphitheatre , and Forest Clearings
needs maintained often for weekly use
Entertainment Spaces
• Gathering Lawn for recreation, but also farmers’ markets, carnivals, winter events,
fairs, more campground, and block parties.
• Amphitheatre for concerts, plays, speakers, shows, benefits, and summer movie
nights.
• Also designed for everyday use.
Dredge Material
• Mini Combined Disposal Facility in Amphitheatre, sheet pile used to create terraces
• All mounds are constructed out of dredge
• 6” soil cap on dredge to control phragmites and promote healthy vegetative growth
• Layer of dredge on bottom of wetland, nutrients in dredge helps establish a healthy
wetland
• Site holds 918,513.41yd³ of dredge material which is about 2.5 years of Toledo’s
dredge production (after drying)
Section A: Road to Stage
0
• Entrance for Pedestrians
and Cyclists
• Connection to major
intersection
• Connection to Tribute
Park
Grass Covered
7
Terraces for Seating
Urban Entertainment
Filled with Dried
Dredge Material
Not to a Scale
Thomas Edison Park
8
Urban Entertainment

15. Griffen Galante [edison park]
Project Description:
Create a contemplative destination for the Business Leaders Meeting at the future
marina docks project site of Chinese investors Yuan Xiaohona and Wu Kin Hung.
This design will be a park for industry and business leaders to meet with clients
and co-workers. This space will create a stress-free experience of inspiration and
creativity. It will also bring the hard, industrious city closer to the natural
landscape.
The design elements of this project focus on the symbolic and metaphorical
meanings behind rocks and mountains. A vertical element is created by layering
dredge material until a karst topographical mountain develops on the site.
Pedestrians will experience this mountain on two different levels: above being the
surface level of movement, and below in the tunnel being the meditative
experience. The site will host many different activities, including contemplative
experiences, recreational, business meetings, picnics for local residents, and
exercise zones. The site will use roughly 300,000 cubic yards of dredge material in
the construction of this project.
TOLEDO, OHIO : Modern Industrial Leader
Design Intent
Griff Galante
Dredge Studio - Sean Burkholder
Toledo, Ohio
Create a Contemplative Destination for Business Leaders
Meeting at the Future Marina Docks Project of Chinese
Investors Yuan Xiaohona and Wu Kin Hung. This Design
Will Be a Park for Industry and Business Leaders to Meet
With Clients and Co-workers. This Space Will Create a
Stress-Free Experience of Inspiration and Creativity. It
Will Also Bring the Hard, Industrious City Closer to the
Natural Landscape.
The Chinese believed that somewhere in the
highest mountains there was a cave that was an
exact representation of the world outside. In its
center was a stalactite that gave off the milk of
contentment. Any rock that suggests a mountain,
cave or stalactite became symbolically
important. This idea is reinforced by the Chinese
notion that in addition to north and south, east
and west, the most important orientation was ‘in’.
It is because of this inward focus that Chinese
culture looked for paradise inside of things, just
as western culture looked upward and outside. In
Chinese art, this orientation caused a search for
‘a world within a world’, for imagery in surprising
and unpredictable places.v
Thomas Edison Park
[”The Most Important
Orientation, Was IN”]
Let us imagine that early Chinese lived in limestone
caves. We know that karst limestone caves are
common in China, and that among their
characteristics are endlessly winding tunnels. They
have underground streams and lakes, skylights, even
fish. The geography of this world was so complex,
that people would not be able to explore and map
them in a dozen lifetimes. Paradoxically, when they
emerged from these caves, they could readily see
and walk around the small mountains that
contained these ‘worlds within worlds’.
bridge and main access road. These roads
allow for intriguing views for drivers.
This path is the mirror opposite of the “Above
World” level of movement. The lower bath
involves the experience of “Self-Awareness.” It
is a literal metaphor for meditation and the
journey to your inner-self.
The lower gathering space will spot a
pedestrians 50 feet below the “Overlook,”
gazing in awe at the fact that they have
walked on a normal path, into a winding
tunnel, and reached the water’s edge with a
mountain standing tall behind them.
Pedestrians can enjoy the end of their
“Journey” into their own minds, by relaxing
with friends to enjoy lunch with a cool breeze
The “Above World” level of movement on the
site. Here pedestrians have the full freedom
allowed by their legs to roam the hill top. This
movement is based on the concept of an
“Unfocused Mind.”
The “Overlook,” a balcony looking down upon
the pedestrians who have arrived at the
waterfront from the tunnel. This space adds a
destination for the pedestrians walking
above, as well becomes a relaxing place to sit
and picnic in good weather conditions.
Circulation Diagram, Points of Interest

16. TOLEDO, OHIO : Modern Industrial Leader
TOLEDO, OHIO : Modern Industrial Leader
Quarry Garden
This Award WInning Design Led to the Design
Element of the Tunnel, Ending With a Realisation That
One Has Just Walked Through an Enormous Mountain
Landscape.
B
Slot Canyons
The Natural Erosion Created By Desert Winds
Was the Inspiration for the Tunnel Designs.
The Awe Inspiring Effect Caused By the Light
Rays Shining Through the Crevasses in the
Ceilings Became the Basis for the Tunnel
Types.
6
Ceiling Types
5
The Tunnel Has Many Elements That Relate Closely to Slot Canyons Found in Popular Desert
Locations Around The World. The Tunnel Will Have Varied Ceiling Types, Placed in Varied Integrals
Along the Mountain Surface. The Types consist of an Open Path, Partially Closed, and Fully Closed
Path. Each Type Creates a Different Experience Along the Tunnel, By Allow
ing Varying Amounts of
Sun Light to Shine Down.
4
Open Ceiling
The Open Ceiling Is Located
Along the Entrance Heading Into
the Tunnel Itself.
3
1
Rendered Perspectives
2
Partially Closed
Depending Upon the Location of
This Ceiling, Fences Will Be
Placed Around the Openings to
Protect People From Falling In.
If the Tunnel Is Shallow Enough,
Pedestrians Will Be Able to
Access the Edge and Watch
People Walking Below.
A
Fully Closed
This Type of Ceiling Provides
Pedestrians Above a Connector
Bridge to Pass Over the Tunnel
Beneath. This Type Doesn’t
Extend Far as It Will Create an
Undesired Claustrophobic
Experience for Pedestrians
Within the Tunnels
raffic
1 Parking Lot, One Way T
Access Directly From Adjacent Park
2 The Fork
The Choice to Walk Freely or Deliberately
3 The Tunnel
Experience a Meditative Journey
4 Open Mind
The Freedom to Walk Where You Please
Tunnel Elements
5 The Overlook
Experience Views of The River, Downtown, and The Bridge
6 The Waterfront
Look Back in Awe at The Rising Mountain You Have T
raversed
Rendered Plan, Critical Points
TOLEDO, OHIO : Modern Industrial Leader
A
B
Rendered Sections, Critical Points

17. Matthew Moffitt [edison park]
Very little sediment dredged from the Toledo Harbor is being beneficially re-used, remediated, or efficiently
recycled. The Ohio EPA has expressed concern in the viability of open lake dredge placement and CDF dredge
storage as practical sediment management strategies. In addition, Toledo residents lack the comprehension of
dredge material as a functional element. This proposal illustrates Edison park as a catalyst for the interaction
between dredge remediation and site user. Dredge will be exposed in various containers on-site. It’s performative processes of accretion, dewaterment, and succession are accelerated to yield various outputs for the city of
Toledo. These in-situ functional processes are bordered by raised pedestrian circulation ‘ribs,’ inducing a dialectic
interaction between site user and dredge remediation. Through efficient cycles of 2 weeks and 6 months, two
classes of remediated dredge are shipped off-site for use by Toledo in both transportation and residential construction projects.
Phasing | Site Process Cycles
public shipping channel
dredging projects
Phasing | Site Construction
Phasing | Site Process Cycles
private environmental remediation
dredging projects
confined disposal facilities
Hydraulic Dredge Material
Dry Dredge Material
via docked barge
Initial Landform Construction
via dump trucks
hand + machine labor
2 week cycle | week 0
2 week cycle | week 2 + 6 month cycle| month 0
barge parks at loading dock, hydraulic dredge is pumped into container 1
dredge dewaterment process complete. water is released into container 5, 90% of
dredge [class b] is shipped off-site*, 10% remains on-site for further remediation
Construct Semi-Public Landforms
fill: dry dredge material
Dry dredge material is trucked on-site for
construction of contained landforms that
determine the spatial composition of
public and private spaces.
Dredge Dewatering
Diffused Water
Container 1
Container 5
Rhizofiltration
Container 5
Construct Public Circulation Infrastructure
materials: see structural rib axon
continuous
2-3 weeks
Class B Dredge Material
output [water + plant remains]
Containers 2+3+4
B
Class B dredge material has been fully
dewatered but not remediated. It is
suitable for adaptive re-use as fill in
transportation infrastructure projects as
conducted by the city of Toledo
Phytoremediation
Containers 2+3
6 months
output [class a dredge material]
A
Class B dredge material has been phytoremediated by introducted species, helianthus
annuus. The majority of organic pollutants
(PCBs, PAHs) have been removed. It is
suitable for adaptive re-use as fill in
residential and commercial projects as
conducted by the city of Toledo
+
B
output [class b dredge material]
6 months
output [biofuel briquette]
+
+
Diffused water is rhizofiltered by
introduced species, typha latifolia.
Water, having undergone two phases of
remediation is released into the
Maumee River. Typha latifolia is culled
and shipped off-site for compositing and
wetland mitigation projects.
6 month cycle | process
6 month cycle | month 6
rhizofiltration + phytoremediation + admixture sampling
class a dredge + culled vegetation + admixture products shipped off-site*
Admixture Sampling
Container 4
varies
+
output [various construction materials]
5| Water Release Container
Water diffused from the dredge dewatering process is piped into dredge container 5. Here, water is released
into the container via one of 5 valved pipes. The idea of ‘containment’ will allow for the introduction of aquatic
rhizomatous grasses. Introduced species such as typhus latifolia will perform rhizofiltration acting as a
second filter for the diffused water from the original dredge input. The majority of organic pollutants leftover
from the original hydraulic dredge input will be accumulated by these introduced species (PCBs, PAHs).
Filtered water will then be releasedContainers + Viewing Nodes
Construct Dredge over a constructed armor rock weir to the existing Maumee River. The
materials: be terraced to promote the establishment of shallow photic zones where
egress side of the weir is to steel + re-enforced concrete
5
submerged aquatic vegetation may grow.
1
output: rhizofiltered water [originally diffused from dredge dewaterment
2
in container 2] + mature wetland grasses for re-planting/composting
4
+
+
3
Helianthus annuus may be culled and
removed off-site after having
accumulated a sufficient quantity of
organic pollutants from class b dredge
materials in containers 2 +3. The
sunflowers may be re-used in biofuel
generation on or off-site
Container Typology Perspective 2| Additional Remediation of Released Water from Container 1
Container Typology Perspective 1| Functional Remediation of Hydraulic Dredge Material
Container Perspectives| Legend [correspond with container typology perspectives 1+2]
input
trans
outpu fer
t
outpu
t
rele
1| Dredge Dewatering Container
Dredge is pumped into container 1 via a valved line that attaches to the hydraulic dredge unit upon arrival at
the dock. The 50% water, 50% solid dredge input is capped with a reusable polymer membrane and vacuum
pressure is applied via an adjacent tank. Pressure is applied with the most force above infiltration beams,
where water migrates to a coarse aggregate layer. Here, water percolates to one of several perforated
pipelines, which directs the water towards dredge container 5 (see container typology perspective 2), for
further remediation and release into the river.
output: class b dredge material [suitable for transportation
infrastructure projects], removed at 2-3 week intervals
B
2+3| Phytoremediation Containers
Dewatered dredge from container 1 is removed in 2 week cycles. The majority of this output is shipped off-site
for use in infrastructure projects directed by the Ohio Department of Transportation. Priority access to this
dewatered dredge material will be awarded to the city of Toledo for urban renewal projects. Containers 2, 3,
and 4 will receive the remainder of the output from container 1’s two week cycles. Phytoremediation processes will be applied to this material, via the use of sunflowers and the introduction of microbial populations.
Sunflowers will be culled and harvested upon seasonal cycles.
output: class a dredge material [suitable for residential, commercial
+
fill projects] + biofuel briquette [suitable for industrial use as a
substitute for other fossil fuels], removed at 6 month intervals
4| Admixture Application Container
Less than 5% of class b dredge is moved to container 4 at the end of each biweekly cycle. Various aggregates,
reinforcement elements, and chemical admixtures may be applied to class b dredge within various holding
cells.
output: construction materials [suitable for a wide range of
projects and research based on the success of the applied
admixture]
ase
input
rele
ase
A
+
ase
rele
infiltr
ate
infiltr
ate
infiltr
ate
infiltr
ate
infiltr
ate
infiltr
ate
trans
outpu fer
t
3
2
h
4
a
e
b
d
c
1
d
c
g
b
a
f
5| Water Release Container
Water diffused from the dredge dewatering process is piped into dredge container 5. Here, water is released
into the container via one of 5 valved pipes. The idea of ‘containment’ will allow for the introduction of aquatic
rhizomatous grasses. Introduced species such as typhus latifolia will perform rhizofiltration acting as a
second filter for the diffused water from the original dredge input. The majority of organic pollutants leftover
from the original hydraulic dredge input will be accumulated by these introduced species (PCBs, PAHs).
Filtered water will then be released over a constructed armor rock weir to the existing Maumee River. The
egress side of the weir is to be terraced to promote the establishment of shallow photic zones where
submerged aquatic vegetation may grow.
output: rhizofiltered water [originally diffused from dredge dewaterment
+
in container 2] + mature wetland grasses for re-planting/composting
a sealed drainage mat with polymer membrane
e
here, vacuum pressure is applied from a vacuum pump
in order to accelerate the dredge dewatering process, the drainage mat is dark
black to intercept and contain heat during summer months, speeding up the dewatering process
b dredge slurry input [rapid dewatering]
c geotextile filter fabric
d coarse drainage aggregate
e perforated drainage pipe
removed water is relocated to dredge container 5 where further infiltration and release into constructed remediation wetlands occurs
f hydraulic dredge pipe
a valved pipe connects to the site dock extension where hydraulic dredge is released into container 1
g internal water infiltration beams
h dump truck/crane
dewatered dredge is transported from container 1 to containers 2-4
a diffused water is piped inward directly from container 1
b five valved secondary pipes collect water from the entry line and release water into container 5 via a slow and controlled process
in order to inhibit microecosystem disturbance
c typhus latifolia and other rhizomatous wetland grasses are introduced to rhizofiltrate the remainder of organic pollutants within
the introduced water flow
d armor stone control weir
e water is released back into the Maumee River, having undergone two remediation processes. The pier extends into the river and
uses varying size stones to promote the establishment of aquatic ecosystems adjacent to the river release point.

18. Structural Rib Axon| Circulation Infrastructure for the Viewing of Research Containers as ‘Theatre’
Plan Render | Site Interactions
• rib enclosure railing
• modular pre-cast concrete ‘cap’
8
• structural steel deck
• steel truss bearing structure
• initial phase constructed landform
7
6
9
5
1
10
2
4
3
Site Section Perspective| Visual Interaction with the Maumee River
11
6
13
14
12
Site Process Sections | Hydraulic Dredge Remediation +Excavation Infrastructure
Site Process Sections | Hydraulic Dredge Remediation +Excavation Infrastructure
2-3 WEEKS EA DEWATER + TRANSFER + REMOVE [CLASS B DREDGE]
CYCLE 2 | 6 MONTHS EA REMOVE [CLASS A DREDGE] + HARVEST [CROP FOR BIOFUEL]
Cycle 1 Processes
i. A barge docks at the proposed landing point, via a new extension to the existing Maumee River shipping channel. A valved attachment pumps
hydraulic dredge into dredge container 1 with the appropriate volume and velocity.
ii. A control valve releases hydraulic dredge into container 1 at a controlled rate. During each 2-3 week cycle, enough hydraulic dredge is
released to retain a consistent dewatering process.
iii. Water diffused from dredge container 1 is piped into a release cistern attached to container 5. A series of pipes control the release of
water from the cistern into container 5 at a velocity harmless to the succession of aquatic vegetation.
iv. Content threshold weir: dewatering process is separated (with some transparency) from the class b dredge collection process.
v. Water infiltration lines: spread across the base of the container, additional diffused water is collected and output towards container 5
vi. Dewatered class b dredge is removed from container 1. The majority of class b dredge is shipped off-site in trucks and used for
transportation infrastructure projects in Toledo. 5-10% of class b dredge is removed during each biweekly cycle and dumped into containers
2 and 3 for cycle 2 phytoremediation processes or dumped into container 4 for material testing.
CLASS B DREDGE
DEWATERED,TRANSFERED OFF-SITE
Cycle 2 Processes
i. A barge docks at the proposed landing point, via a new extension to the existing Maumee River shipping channel. A valved attachment
pumps hydraulic dredge into dredge container 1 with the appropriate volume and velocity.
ii. Introduced typhus latifolia is removed from container 5 and shipped off-site. It may be used in sustainable composting projects
conducted by the city of Toledo.
iii. Water diffused from dredge container 1 is piped into a release cistern attached to container 5.
iv. Dewatered class b dredge is removed from containers 2 and 3. Introduced helianthus annuus is removed from container 5
and shipped off-site. It may be used as biofuel during renewable energy generation testing.
CULLED TYPHA LATIFOLIA
TRANSFERED OFF-SITE
ii
iii.
5
water [release!]
river
i
input
[hydraulic dredge]
ii
iv
1
slurry [dewater]_water
v
CLASS A DREDGE + CULLED HELIANTHUS ANNUUS
TRANSFERED OFF-SITE
i
iii
iv
vi
slurry [dewater]_dewatered dredge
1 2
site
dewatered dredge
[phytoremediate]
5
water + vegetation
river
input
[hydraulic dredge]
1
slurry [dewater]_water
slurry [dewater]_dewatered dredge
1 2
site
remediated dredge +
vegetation

19. project 2
image: andy turner via panoramio

20. image: sean burkholder

21. Gabriella Salvemini
Connective Landscape
The dredging industry is necessary to the city of Toledo, connecting the city to other large cities and the United
States Interior by allowing freighters to carry their cargo from port to port. This idea of connection is the basis for
design. By connecting people to the physical manifestations of dredge, they can understand why this process performs a positive function. Focusing on freighters as a direct result of dredging and invasive species as the indirect
result of these activities, purposeful design moves help people recognize hidden connections and become further
informed on how dredging fits in to their contemporary landscape.
10’ deep concrete rhizome barriers extend across the lowlands around water bodies.
They serve two purposes, functioning to restrict rhizome growth of phragmites and
reed canary grass, and acting as pathways across the island. The barriers vary in
width; 6’ wide, 3’ wide, and 2’ wide. The widest are for people to move across, the
smallest is functional.
In order to explore beneficial uses of invasive
species, a series of control devices are
implemented within a portion of the third island. The
remainder of the island serves as disturbed habitat
for comparison of growth patterns. By preventing
rhizome growth, fragment movement, and seed
movement, the goal is to provide control methods
for invasive species, allowing them to take on a new
role in the contemporary landscape.
Rhizome barriers
Landform is arranged in 15’ high ridges to prevent the movement of
purpleloosestrife seeds via wind. The ridges are oriented to block seeds
moving with the summer wind directions.
Seed barrier
Dense mesh is stationed at the entrance to the interior waterway as well as the entry and
exit of each of the 3 ponds. This is to prevent movement of aquatic plant fragments from
water body to water body. Aquatic invasives will be planted on the outer waterways, with
the hope that fragments will be stopped by the mesh and limited invasives found in the
t
interior of the waterway.
Jan.
Bow
Aquatic barrier
Feb
.
c.
De
Rifle
No
rch
v.
Ma
rch
sea
Re
April
Oct.
Ma
pt.
Se
e
Au
Jun
g.
y
July
To gain funds for the construction and
maintenance of the island, hunting will be
promoted as the main use of the island.
Restrictions on hunting season, bag limit,
and spread of invasives off the island provide
structure to an otherwise open landscape. The
island will be open to researchers during the
off-season to gather data on control methods.
Connections between people, freighters, and invasive species converge at Toledo Harbor Light
3 : forest
Deer habitat
Upland habitat is meant for deer, with landform designed around a series
of ‘pinch points’ that function as places where deer congregate. Species
like oak, wild grape, and clover will be planted for forage.
2 : pond
Monitoring
The series of ponds have nets installed to prevent plant fragment
movement at each end, and through monitoring scientists can see any
relationship between nutrient levels on interior water versus lake water to
see if methods in the bay are working.
1: bay
Filtration
The bay is planted with phragmites australis, and has nets for zebra
mussels in the water. This arrangement is meant to help filter nitrogen and
phosphorus out of the water that enters into the stream.
Micro habitat relationships
1: bay
2 : pond
3 : forest

22. Primary Reproduction Method
e
om
rhiz
d
see
t
men
frag
ers
velig
Habitat
atic
aqu
and
wetl
Nutrient
Absorbtion
atic
aqu
ts
ma
r
izeGrowth
th
row
id g
rap
olon
ed c
rad
deg
Pattern
high
sity
den
bility
d via
see
Accessible to the public, this island includes boat docks so people can visit the historic Toledo
Harbor Light and experience native plant communities via raised boardwalk that traverses the island.
A 30’ high viewing deck allows the public to visually interact with passing freighters utilizing the
dredge channel. The viewing deck also allows views to the existing Toledo Harbor Lighthouse, and
constructed wetlands beneath.
Characteristics of invasive species are drawn upon in the design to create a space that investigates
positive effects and higher control of their spread. Deer are included in this investigation since they
can become an invasive species themselves, and often create the degraded landscapes that invasive
species thrive on.
escape routes
surrounding elevation
sun exposure
open area to bed
Design of the islands are very user specific; spanning the dredge channel they each hold a different vegetative context for people to experience. The smallest is
designed to show anthropogenic influences on native plant communities and provide interactions with freighters in the channel. At the center, an island is dedicated
to native plant communities accessed only by researchers for monitoring purposes. The largest island houses invasive species, with one half exercising control over
them, and the other left for colonization so that growth habits may be compared.
The largest island is designed with respect
to environmental conditions and deer habitat
requirements. Wind and lake currents inform
the location of a bay and stream with a series of
ponds that cuts across the island. A portion of
the island implements a series of control devices
meant to stop rhizome growth, fragment, and
seed movement.
Site Plan
3 : controlled invasive
Phasing
3 : invasive
ISLAND 1 : Public + native species
2
1
ISLAND 2 : Research + native species
Lak
e
summer wind
curre
nt
ISLAND 3 : Hunters and researchers + invasive species

23. Emma Hahn
Harborlands
The exchange of ballast water is a stabilization mechanism necessary to the shipping industry. The
rocess, which maintains buoyancy after changes in cargo weight, also has some serious ramifications for the
ecology of the Great Lakes.
When ballast water is taken up, aquatic organisms, seeds, and microbes that reside in the water column are
taken in as well. Ideally, most of these species will expire during the voyage but, some survive and are
released with the ballast water at the destination port. This process has led to the introduction of a
wide range of non-native and invasive species, such as sea lamprey and zebra mussels, where the ballast water acts as the conduit for this exchange.
Ballast water system as stabilizing mechanism
Ballast water as conduit for invasive/non-native flora and fauna
Cargo unloaded
Native organisms captured
Cargo loaded
Empty cargo hold
Ballast tanks
1
>>Source port
2
>>In transit
Some species die off
Full cargo hold
Full ballast
Nearly empty ballast
Ballast tanks
3
Non-native organisms expelled
4
>>Destination
>>In transit
1
>>Source port
2
>>In transit
3
>>Destination
4
>>In transit
= SEVERE ecologic / eco``nomic costs to Lake environment and associated industries (750 mil to 1 bil in
one decade for zebra mussels alone)*
*”Progress and Challenges in Preventing introduction into U.S. Waters Via the Ballast Water in Ships,” U.S. GOA, 9/2005
In reaction to this, the Coast Guard has implemented the “Final Rule,” a set of laws that dictate that all
ballast water exchange occur 200 nautical miles from shoreline and at a depth of 2000 meters, effectively
making the Great Lakes a no exchange zone. The final rule is a short term solution lacking alternate exchange zones and proving to be largely ineffective. The UN set forth a series of recommendations as a result of a convention held on the topic that demand a set of standards for ballast water to be put in place
and for the ballast water capacity of ships to be enlarged, a process viewed as unattractive to the shipping
industry as it diminishes cargo space on board a vessel.
This design proposes an approach that forms a break between the input and output of ballast water, creating
a treatment system contained by dredge material that serves to mediate the exchange process.
“The Final Rule” regulations and United Nations IMO requirements
Mediate inputs and outputs through alternate method
Lack of exchange
zones
Released foreign ballast
water
>>Shortcomings
- Exemptions
200 nautical mi. >> 2000 m. mi. >> 2000 m. depth
200 nautical depth
- Lack of altnative exchange zones
- Ineffective containment of invasive species
- SHORT-term solution
>>UN requirements
- Development of alternate methods
- Increase in ship ballast capacity
bal-
cargo
+
-
Exchanged lake ballast
water

24. The system establishes Toledo as a hub for ballast water exchange within the Great Lakes. The first element, the alternate exchange zone is located along the shipping channel for ease of accessibility and provides exchange services, treatment of ballast water, and defouling maintenance. The second element, the
existing Ironhead Marine Inc. graving dock will become the headquarters in expertise for the enhancement of
ship ballast capacity. Coupled, the system will allow the region to meet UN standards while provide options
for exchange without the sacrifice of cargo space.
The proposed alternate exchange zone features a dry dock and treatment island. The dry dock enables vessels
to release ballast water into the treatment sequence and to intake sanitized water, as well as receiving defouling services, through which algae, mussels, etc. are removed from the vessel before going to port. Once
ballast water is released, it is piped into the treatment sequence present on the island.
Floating dry dock
Lake Erie
Bath house
1
>> Ballast management
island
alternate exchange
zone + ballast water
treatment + defouling
Shipping channel
2
Shipping
channel
Surplus holding cell 2 >> public hot springs
Cooling run >> holding cell 1
Viewing platform
2
>> Ironhead High Bay
Filtration system and heat treatment sequence
Defouling + ballast capacity mitigation
Sterilized water does not provide any particular ecological benefit if released into the lake, so treated
ballast is maintained on the island and used both as a bank from which vessels may take in water and as a
public amenity. The heated water flows out of treatment into the initial holding cell which acts to slightly cool water and contain a capacity equal to average ballast. Once this cell is overwhelmed, water overflows into the surplus holding cell, cell 2, which takes the form of a public hot springs. The heated,
purified water provides an amenity for the Toledo community, allowing visitors to be part of an essential
industrial process innately related to the shipping industry and legacy of the Toledo harbor.
Once piped, the ballast water flows through the primary filtration system, a series of high capacity filters
that extract most organisms. From there, the water passes through a heat exchanger, which increases water temperatures to roughly 110 degrees Fahrenheit, effectively removing microbial life and seeds. At this
point, the water is sterilized.
I
Floating dry dock
+ Ships exchange ballast through treatment sequence prior to docking at port
+ Fouling is removed to reduce transport risks
The treatment island structure accommodates 33,706,282 cubic ft. of dredge material, further addressing issues perpetuated by, yet necessary to the shipping industry, along the axis of the shipping channel.
II
Primary Filtration
3
+ 100,000 m / hr capability
+ Removes majority of species in released ballast
III
Heat Exchanger
+ Brings water to roughly 110 degrees F
+ Removes microbial biomass in ballast water
IV
Cooling Run / Holding cell 1
+ Holds freshly santized water until backflowed
+ Lowers temperature of heat treated water
V
holding cell 2
Public hot springs / Overflow holding cell 2
Floating dry dock implementation
+ Quantities that overwhelm cell 1 are directed into
cell 2 until backflowed
+ Purified water provides public amentity and social
space for community
are directed into
mentity and social
+ Requires limited dredging (in comparison to
graving dock)
+ Located along shipping channel to maximize
accessibility
Dredge disposal containment
+ Structure accomodates 33,706,282 cubic ft.
of dredge material

25. Alex Marchinski
OVERALL PROCESS
BACKGROUND
1 CONCENTRATE
poin
ts
through farmland.
s
rce
ou
Point Source vs
Nonpoint Source Phosphorus
Contributions
M
AU
M
EE
R
TOUSSAINT
CR
PUMP STATION
55%
3 TRANSFER
4 RECEIVE
Material is evenly dispersed directly from the main
pipe. A wheel line system travels up and down the
field spraying the slurry.
Dredged slurry is pumped onto shore.
PUMP STATION
BOOSTER STATION
nd
6 TREAT & TEST
5 CONSOLIDATE
Water from dredge and runoff enter the treatment center
and are cleansed and tested. Toledo citizens also visit the
facility to learn about the processes involved in cleaning
the river.
sand
usk
yr
iv
7 RELEASE
8 FARM
After one year of spread and another for consolidation,
land crop may be planted.
Once fully cleansed and phosphorus is removed from
water, it can then be released back into the bay.
Once this process was solidified, I determined the two most crucial components
that I could continue my studies on for the rest of the project. I decided I would
figure out how the farming system would work and how the water would be
treated before entering back into the lake.
er
While researching the different issues associated with the Maumee Bay, I
discovered that most of them result from the poor water quality that is caused by
the phosphorus deposition into the lake. Ultimately trying to track the direct
source of the phosphorus, I found that most of the contaminated input is coming
from nonpoint sources, or runoff. To track the source even further, more
research proved the Maumee River as one of the biggest contributors of
Phosphorus runoff along with the Sandusky River, combining a total of 55% of
all phosphorus entering the lake. Because a good majority of the land use
around the Maumee River is agricultural, it became clear that much of the
contamination came from these farm fields.
Dredged slurry is hauled to a pump connected to a scow near the
center of gravity.
isla
Dredge dewaters in a year-long process and is either
infiltrated into underground pipes or is collected with
runoff in a canal that both run to the treatment facility.
maumee
rive
r
OTTAWA
CR
2 COLLECT
n
sources
int
po
on
RUNOFF in stormwater runoff after running
Phosphorus is collected
Dredge is concentrated at the lake channel center of gravity. An
island is constructed to aid in the collection of the dredge slurry.
+
Phosphorus Contributions among
Lake Erie Tributaries
AGRICULTURAL FIELD DESIGN
BACKGROUND
CONTAMINATION resulting in
Phosphorus creates eutrophication,
dredge field
dike wall
stream
bike path
algal bloom creation
existing irrigation tiles
0
5
10
25
feet
50
intersection tunnel
dredge distribution
Dredge is piped up through the distribution pipes where it is taken up by the spraying irrigation
systems that apply the dredge to the farm fields. Once it dewaters, water is collected through
existing drainage tiles and sent to the stream or through runoff flow directly from the fields and
into the stream. Water from the stream flows directly to the treatment center, running through
intersection tunnels along the way.
DREDGE
3,000 acres @ 4’ depth
19,340,640 cubic yards
4.14 years of dredge material
MAUMEE BAY
After gathering all of this research, I decided
that main goal would be in finding a strategy
to reform farming practices in a way that
controlled the runoff before it entered the lake.
Hull & Associates had already done some
research in this area that laid out a general
plan for applying dredge to agricultural fields
and direct its draining back into the lake. I
looked closer into the land around the
Maumee Bay and the process that could take
place in this new application process.
REQUIRED DEWATER HOLDING
11,604,384 cubic yards
1 year of dredge
600,000 cubic yards
The amount of dredge that is
utilized was calculated using the
3,000 acre requirement at 4’ of
improvement height. The
dewatering calculations took the
60% drainage requirement from
the dredge volume to describe the
amount of water collected
throughout the entire year of the
dewatering process. It was then
determined to only provide enough
volume space to hold one year of
dredge dewatering material,
anticipating the fact that the facility
would not be holding the entire
cumulative volume at one time.

26. AGRICULTURAL FIELD DESIGN
TREATMENT FACILITY DESIGN
Various types of water treatment were then taken into account before
these three types were determined most useful for conducting this
specific treatment. The artificial aeration & circulation treatment and
ARTIFICIAL AERATION & CIRCULATION
Can use plant photosynthesis to catch oxygen
High levels of dissolved oxygen create a competition for
nutrients between algae and natural occurring aerobic
bacteria
Phosphorus precipitates out with natural iron, binding it up,
unavailable to plants and algae
contact tanks would be placed throughout the facility while the
wetland would exist throughout the rest of the space. Each of these
treatment methods would run independently and eventually drain
directly back into the lake.
WETLAND
Plants need phosphorus as an essential
macronutrient
Plants postpone phosphorus saturation of
the sediments
CONTACT TANK
Introduces aluminum sulfate, benodite clay, and other
polymers to water
Aluminum ions react with phosphate to create insoluble
aluminum phosphate
Carex lacustris
Scirpus longii
Phalaris arundinacea
Typha latifolia
0
25
50
100
feet
0
200
500
1000
2000
5000
feet
The existing intersections in this area don’t include any sidewalks or
setbacks off of the road; the agricultural fields are directly next to the
streets. A new design needed to be implemented that took into
account both underground piping and also the proposed water
channel.
This entirely new streetscape would serve as a corridor to the
treatment center in which the public would have access to.
Therefore, a bike path is implemented that exists across the street
from the water channel that also uses piping segments that run
under the streets upon arriving to the different intersections.
AGRICULTURAL FIELD DESIGN
TREATMENT FACILITY DESIGN
dredge dewater inlet
water
runs out
treated water outlets
dredge
pumps in
Understanding the landform and available technologies, the general path of the
dredge would be pumped uphill where it would drain on the agricultural fields,
dewater, and flow downhill using a channel system.
AGRICULTURAL FIELD DESIGN
PARAMETERS
3,000 acres required
4’ dredge height improvement
60% dewatered assumed
electric pumping operations
pumping & piping design
needed
Using the research from Hull & Associated, I pulled general parameters from
their study to set guidelines for my project. Two test agricultural plots were
determined as well was a general location for the treatment center.
0
0.5
1
2
3
4
miles
0
0.5
1
2
0
100
200
400
1000
feet
Miles
4
3
TREATMENT FACILITY DESIGN
treatment
center
location
sampled
agricultural
location
0
0.5
1
2
miles
3
4
Although primarily serving the purposes of treating and testing the water, the treatment facility becomes a public
space where local residents and farmers can access and understand these new water treatment methods.

27. Gina Montecallo
Due to climate change,
Lake Erie water levels can
drop as much as 6 feet in
the next 100 years.
The Current Harbour will be 9.3
Miles inland in 100 years.
Toledo
~73 Square Miles of lake bed will
be exposed in the Maumee Bay
Lake Erie Bathymetry
A 6 Foot drop will be extremely significant
for the shallow Western Basin of Lake Erie
Lake Erie Profile
2012
2052
2112

28. Land Use Of the area surrounding the western basin
Wetland
Filtration
System
100 Years Ago
Currently
100 Years From Now (proposed)
Developed
As the lake level recedes,
a series of “ridges” will
be created that integrates
agriculture and wetlands.
Agriculture
Un-Developed
Wetlands will be found in
the low points where run
off from surrounding agricultural fields will be
directed.
The series of wetlands
will filter the contaminated water as it travels
back into the lake.
Dredging: “Cut/Fill” Method
Social + Environmental Integration
10,404,599,040
--Dredge Material is used to form the ridges
along the exposed lake bed.
--The silty nature of the dredged material
makes an ideal substrate for holding water
and acting as the base for wetlands.
Ft
--Wetland benefits include:
Rich Species Habitat
High Bio-diversity
Carbon Sequestration
Environmental
Reducing Eutrophication
Water Filtration
Social
Nutrient Rich Soils
Flood Control
Recreation
3
Amount of Dredge Used In The Site
--The material is dredged from the shipping
channel + directly behind the previously
formed ridge.
New Fill
Original
Lake Bed
Dredged
Area
Lake Bed
Receding
Water
--Agriculture in the flood plain can occur
without draining and habitat loss. Farming
with waterlog tolerant crops promotes
minimal impact and a successful yield. These
crops include:
Oat cultivar
Barley cultivar
Wheat cultivar
Wild Rice
Maize
Triticale
--Farming on the high points of the “ridges”
will avoid flooding crops as frequently.
--Minimizing use of pesticides and fertilizers
can aid the wetlands in run off filtration
Old Lake Bed
Dredge Cut Old Lake Level
Dredge Fill

29. Matthew Chiampi
INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
SALE PRICES
SALE PRICES
MULTI-FAMILY PROPERTY
SALE PRICES
MANUFACTURING JOBS
MANUFACTURING JOBS
TOLEDO LOST 40% SINCE
TOLEDO LOST 40% SINCE
2000
2000
MULTI-FAMILY PROPERTY
SALE PRICES
PROJECT STATEMENT
ECO TOURISM AS NEW INDUSTRY
Toledo is The ciTy iT is Today because of iTs manufacTuring hisTory. ever since The ciTies fruiTion, iT has had This idenTiTy of a
producTion ciTy. however, Toledo’s manufacTuring indusTry has seen a 40% decrease in recenT years, parTially due To The
auTomobile indusTry issues. even Though There exisTs This decline, The processes of dredging are always consTanT creaTing This
comparable dredge idenTiTy.
The 750,000 cu. yds. of dredged maTerial removed annually is by far The mosT in comparison wiTh oTher dredge ciTies in The greaT
lakes region. This enormous amounT of maTerial removed is perceived as a wasTe producT and is disposed Through open waTer
placemenT in lake erie, wiTh less Than 1% of This maTerial being recycled. here lies a conTradicTion wiThin Toledo; lake erie
exisTs as a huge asseT for The ciTy’s economy. specifically, The ciTy receives 10.7 billion dollars from lake erie Tourism; 1 billion
from The lake erie fishing indusTry alone.
economic experTs suggesT ThaT Toledo do whaT They do besT; diversify by looking inTo new susTainable indusTry and uTilize Their
already exisTing innovaTive Techniques. Thus, work wiTh susTainable ideals and recycle dredge To halT polluTion of lake erie while
reinvenTing The Tourism indusTry. The reuse of dredge for lake erie Tourism benefiT can raise awareness of The possible socioeconomic benefiTs while decreasing The negaTive percepTions making dredge an asseT wiThin Toledo.
.
DREDGE COMPARISON
CDF PLACEMENT
OPEN-WATER PLACEMENT
NEAR SHORE PLACEMENT
DREDGE THREATENING
HARBOR ACCESS IN 5 YRS
50K-95K
BUFFALO, NY
100K-250K
100K-250K
CLEVELAND
birding Tourism is a very profiTable and popular indusTry. specifically, norThwesT ohio is seen as one of The mosT popular birding
2 major migraTory flyways. wiThin These flyways exisT prioriTy birds species
This allows The possibiliTy of observing exisTing sTopover habiTaTs for These species along wiTh
birding Tourism desTinaTions To implemenT an improved birding “circuiT” wiTh an iniTial inTervenTion happening aT The famous Toledo
harbor lighThouse.
DETROIT
800K
desTinaTions in The naTion due To The inTersecTion of
wiTh specific sTopover habiTaT needs.
TOLEDO
NEGATIVE DREDGE
PERCEPTION
This proposal calls for The use of 3 differenT Types of dredge disposal Typologies creaTed around The lighThouse-- upland, near
shore, and confined aquaTic. These differenT conTainmenT Types inTroduces a Terraced landscape ThaT would harbor differenT Types
of environmenTs caTering To The prioriTy bird species.
dumping The dredge inTo These habiTaT zones would Take The process of TradiTional dredge dumping and make iT an orchesTraTed
The form of The siTe is based on The radius of a Tower crane. This
Tower crane would remove The dredge from The barge, roTaTe, and place iT inTo The conTainers. These cranes would be funcTional
for boTh dredge removal buT also, when noT in use, for addiTional bird habiTaT simulTaneously becoming a symbol for The new
indusTry of Toledo--dredge producing Tourism. This synergy creaTed Through The juxTaposiTion of dredge, habiTaT, and Tourism can
reesTablish Toledo as The producTion ciTy iT has always been.
producTion for people To wiTness during allocaTed Time periods.
UNDEVELOPD LAND COASTAL AREAS EMERGENT
INLAND
WETLANDS
AMERICAN
OYSTERCATHCER
BROWN
PELICAN
COMMON
TERN
ARTIC
TERN
BALD
EAGLE
GOLDEN-WINGED
WARBLER
BLACK
SKIMMER
GRASSHOPPER
SPARROW
RED
KNOT
ROSEATE
TERN
REDDISH
EGRET
RUDDY
TURNSTONE
PROTHONOTARY
WARBLER
ROSEATE
SPOONBILL
TOLEDO
WOOD
STORK
EASTERN
MEADOWLARK
WILSON’S
PLOVER
WESTERN
SANDPIPER
BOBOLINK
SEASIDE
SPARROW
CERULEAN
WARBLER
CLAPPER
RAIL
LITTLE BLUE
HERON
HENSLOW’S
SPARROW
SHORT-BILLED
DOWITCHER
MOTTLED
DUCK
UPLAND
SANDPIPER
SWALLOW-TAILED
KITE
GRASSLAND +
PASTURE

30. PONTE MOUILLE
STATE PARK
1
2
PEDESTRIAN
ACCESS
3
WATERFOWL
HABITAT
4
STERLING STATE
PARK
TOWER CRANE
PEDESTALS
SHOREBIRD
HABITAT
5
LANDBIRD
HABITAT
LANDBIRD + RAPTOR
STOPOVERS
SHOREBIRD STOPOVERS
WATERFOWL STOPOVERS
SITE INTERVENTION
TOLEDO HARBOR
LIGHTHOUSE
CEDAR POINT WILDLIFE
REFUGEE + MAUMEE
BAY STATE PARK
STOPOVER HABITAT
CIRCUIT
OTTAWA NATIONAL
WILDLIFE REFUGEE
CONNECT DIFFERENT
STOPOVER HABITATS AND
EXISTING TOURISM
0
150’
300’
600’
N
EXISTING WATERFOWL
STOPOVER SITES
MIXED EMERGENT
WETLANDS > 40 ACRES +
> 2.5 ACRES OF OPEN
WATER. OTHER WETLANDS
IN CLOSE PROXIMITY
01
DREDGE AWARENESS
02
WALLEYE SPAWNING
03
04
DREDGING
BIRD MIGRATION
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
1
ALLOCATE TIME PERIODS FOR
DREDGE REUSE AWARENESS
2
CONSTRUCT CDF DIKE WALLS FOR DREDGE
CONTAINMENT ALONG WITH CRANE PEDESTALS
3
UTILIZE TOWER CRANE RADIUS FOR EASY
DREDGE REMOVAL
4
THE DESIGN ALLOWS FOR A MODULAR PROGRAMMATIC
SPACE CATERING TO CRANE MOVEMENT.

31. Avery Sell
BY EMBRACING A NATIVE PLANT OF A DISAPPEARING
ECOSYSTEM, TOLEDO CAN UTILIZED DREDGE MATERIAL
AS A PRODUCTIVE RESOURCE FOR SOCIAL BENEFIT.
DREDGE USE
SITE CONTEXT PLAN
THE DEPTH OF DREDGE MATERIAL USED IS A RESULT OF
THE WATER DEPTH OF THE LAKE. PLACED WITHIN A
DEPTH OF 12-16’, THE ISLAND COULD HOLD 12-14’ OF
DREDGE MATERIAL.
1.5’ - 2’
WATER LEVEL
12’ - 14’
DREDGE
MATERIAL
N
41 MILLION CUBIC
YARDS OF DREDGE
MATERIAL
N
0
4000
8000
12000
SITE PHASING
COMMERCIAL RICE FIELD CONTAINMENT WALL
Rip Rap Stone
Underlayer Stone
Prepared Limestone
9
Sheet Piling
Geo-textile Fabric
PHASE THREE
COMMERCIAL FARMING ZONE
PHASE TWO
COMMERCIAL FARMING ZONE
Dredge Material
9
Lake Erie
PHASE FOUR
COMMERCIAL FARMING ZONE
PHASE ONE
PUBLIC AREA AND HARBOR
WALKING TRAIL CONTAINMENT WALL
Rip Rap Stone
Underlayer Stone
10
Sheet Piling
Structural Soil
14
Prepared Limestone
Geo-textile Fabric
Lake Erie
0
10
20
30
THE SITE HAS BEEN BROKEN INTO FOUR PHASES TO
ALLOW THE COLLECTION OF DREDGE NECESSARY
FOR CONSTRUCTION. THE FIRST PHASE IS THE
HARBOR AND THE PUBLIC RICE FIELD AREA. THIS
PHASE IS IMPORTANT IN CREATING AWARENESS OF
THIS SITE AND BEGINNING THE EDUCATION PROCESS.
THE SUBSEQUENT PHASES ARE THE COMMERCIAL
FARMING ZONES WHICH WILL THEN PROVIDE THE
ECONOMIC CAPITAL FOR CREATING A SUSTAINABLE
RICE HARVESTING EDUCATION PROGRAM.
WILD RICE CAN SERVE AS STARTING PLACE TO EDUCATE
THE PUBLIC ON THE REGION AND CREATE A LANDSCAPE
NO LONGER FOUND IN TOLEDO OR THE REST OF NORTH
WESTERN OHIO.
AVERY S
COMMERCIAL RICE FIELDS
COMMERCIAL DIKE WALL
VIEW POINT BREAK WATER
COMMERCIAL DOCKS
PROCESSING FACILITY
VISITOR DOCK
VISITOR CENTER
WALKING TRAIL
WALKING TRAIL VIEW POINT
SOCIAL RICE FIELD
N
0
650
1300
1950

32. VISITOR CENTER
Of the original 1500 square miles of the Great Black
Swamp, only 5 percent remains. Within this fading
ecosystem Zisania palustris, commonly known as
wild rice, was found on the marshes of the Lake Erie
shore. This species is not only native and used for
remediate processes but is also an important food
source for humans and wild life.
REGION
ONLY
5%
REMAINS
GREAT BLACK SWAM
REAT
SWAMP
WHY WILD RICE?
ZIZANIA PALUSTRIS
NATIVE
REMEDIATIONS
PRODUCTIVE
PART OF GREAT
BLACK SWAMP
ECOSYSTEM
FILTERS POLLUTANTS
AND NUTRIENTS
SOURCE OF FOOD FOR
HUMANS AND ANIMALS
HARVEST
HARVESTING VIA CANOE
PUBLIC RICE FIELD
HARVESTING VIA AIR-BOAT AND THRESHER
MORE THAN RICE
THE WAY IN WHICH WILD RICE IS
HARVESTED REVEALS A SOCIAL OR
ECONOMIC FUNCTION.
EDUCATION
BOTH OF THESE REVEALED FUNCTIONS
CAN BE PART OF THE SAME SYSTEM. THE
SOCIAL FUNCTION BECOMES A SOURCE
OF EDUCATION WHILE THE ECONOMIC
FUNCTION FUNDS THE SOCIAL.
RECREATION
HABITAT
SOCIAL
EDUCATION CAN BE CREATED THROUGH
THE
PROCESSES
OF
HARVEST.
RECREATION
AND
INTERACTION
CREATES AN UNDERSTANDING OF AN
IMPORTANT PLANT SPECIES AND OF THE
REGION.
PRODUCTION
ECONOMY
EDUCATION THROUGH
EXPERIENCE
RECREATION WITHIN
CONSTRUCTED ISLANDS
LIFE CYCLE
AND CULTURE
OF WILD RICE
INTERACTION
WITH NATIVE
LANDSCAPES
UNDERSTANDING
OF REGION
TIME LINE OF ACTIVITY
FISHING
ICE FISHING
SWIMMING
KAYAKING
CANOING
BIRDWATCHING
SIGHTSEEING
WINTER SEED BED
VISITORS ARRIVE AT AN EDUCATION CENTER SITUATED AT THE HARBOR AND THE BEGINNING OF THE CONTAINMENT WALL WALKING TRAIL. FROM
THE TRAIL VISITORS ARE ABLE TO VIEW NOT ONLY THE RICE FIELDS BUT DIFFERENT VIEW POINTS OF LAKE ERIE. FROM THE WATER VISITORS CAN
INTERACT WITH THE RICE AND TAKE PART IN THE SOCIAL ACT OF HARVEST.
SPRING SEEDLINGS
SITE LOCATION
ECO SITE
SOCIAL SITE
THE ISLANDS SHOULD BE SITUATED TO CREATE A CONNECTION
BETWEEN ALREADY VISITED ECOLOGICAL SITES SUCH AS THE
CEDAR POINT NATIONAL WILDLIFE PRESERVE AND WEST SISTER
ISLAND NATURE RESERVE. IT SHOULD ALSO BE LOCATED NEAR
SOCIAL SITES LIKE PUBLIC MARINAS AND CAMPGROUNDS.
SUMMER SHOOTS
HARVEST
AUTUMN DIE BACK

33. Matthew Moffitt
Dredge Catalysis
Catalysis, a process of accelerating a chemical change, may be applied to a regional scale as a design intervention strategy. Lake Erie’s health has significantly decreased over the past century; it has lost 50% of its coastal
wetlands. Sediment dredged from shipping channels has unlimited potential as a catalyst for the revitalization of
the health of Lake Erie. Dredge Catalysis introduces a system that re-structures the extraction of dredge material
as a machine in constant flux. Dredge is removed from the shipping channel and brought to the Edison Park site
where it is de-watered and remediated. Dredge is then extracted from Edison Park, in various pulses throughout
the year, and used for the construction of wetlands at the Harborlands site, adjacent to the Toledo Harbor Lighthouse. At both sites, a dialectic social agenda is apparent. The ephemeral form and malleability of dredge become a theatre for the site user.
The form and function of the Harborlands site is a reflection of two variables. First, the constant input of remediated dredge material from Edison Park defines site access points such as dredge dumping nodes. Second, localized regional avian migration routes between existing stopover sites define wetland typologies and orientation.
The Harborlands site is constantly growing and evolving as remediated dredge is brought to the site during 10
months out of the year. Dredge is brought to the Harborlands site, located 5 miles off-shore from the port of Toledo, in three different classes. Each class of dredge performs a unique function in the construction of wetlands,
based upon the extent to which it has been remediated of harmful organic pollutants. The highest quality dredge
is used to cap emergent wetlands, providing the highest suitability nesting and breeding sites for shorebirds and
waterfowl.
Two variables, dredge and avian migration, define site form and program. A stage for the increase of social understanding of the importance of wetland restoration has been set. Visitors to the Harborlands site will watch the reintroduction of endangered and distant migratory birds to the western basin of Lake Erie as it unfolds. Site users
of all varieties to the Harborlands site will be inspired to return to their communities and pursue further ecological
conservation projects. A dialect between city and lake, society and ecology, has been set, catalyzed by a unique
flux of dredge material.
Dredge Input Cycles [Edison Park _Harborlands]
CLASS C [HYDRAULIC]
ber
CLASS C
Branta Bernicla [Brant] w1
Aytha Valisineria [Canvasback] w2
Melanitta Perspicillata [Surf Scooter] w3
Podilymbus podiceps [Pied-Billed Grebe] w4
Highest Frequency of Rainfall Events [6 mo.] C1
Highest Recorded Winds Speeds [Knots] on Lake Erie [6 mo.] C2
Highest Frequency of Lake Effect Storms [6 mo.] C3
2
Oc
ary
Oc
ry
tobe
r
ry
tobe
brua
r
Fe
brua
ary
Fe
Janu
mber
Nove
December
nu
r
r
CLASS B [dewatered]
December
be
be
Octo
uary
ber
Febr
A2
September
CLASS B
September
March
st
March
s1 s2 s3 s4 C1 C2 C3
A1
September
March
w1 w2 w3 w4 C1 C2 C3
April
May
July
Augu
Ap
ary
December
Ja
nu
March
st
Ap
y
Ma
July
Augu
riil
st
Ap
gu
ly
ly
Au
y
Ma
CLASS A
ril
June
June
mber
Nove
ary
bru
Fe
ber
y
Ma
3
Octo
Ju
June
+ CLASS A [phytoremediated]
MAY + JUNE [@ 1ST MONDAY]
September
st
gu
Au
Ju
+
MARCH 1 - DECEMBER 31 [@ 1 MONTH]
Ja
vem
vem
Ju e
June
No
y
No
Ma
July
riil
nu
ary
March
Ap
Ja
mber
ary
bru
Fe
Octo
Regional Flyway Analysis
overlay annual waterfowl migration upon Lake Erie annual climate trends,
extract times most suitable for on-site events
Arenaria Interpres [Ruddy Turnstone] s1
Tryngites Subruficollis [Buff-breasted Sandpiper] s2
Chlidonais Niger [Black Tern] s3
Botarus Lentiginosus [American Bittern] s4
Highest Frequency of Rainfall Events [6 mo.] C1
Highest Recorded Winds Speeds [Knots] on Lake Erie [6 mo.] C2
Highest Frequency of Lake Effect Storms [6 mo.] C3
Ja
nu
ary
Nove
December
Regional Flyway Analysis
overlay annual shorebird migration upon Lake Erie annual climate trends,
extract times most suitable for on-site events
1
JULY 1 - OCTOBER 15 [DAILY]
December
+
ril
Ju e
June

34. WETLAND TYPOLOGIES
Lake Erie Systems Analysis Matrix: Targeted Trends
i. isolated wetlands
ii. mixed emergent wetlands
iii. submerged/ephemeral wetlands
iv. transition wetlands [capped to pedestrian spaces]
identify pressure points for design intervention
10 YR
1 YR
1 YR
100 YR
Threshold for Social
Acceptance = Incolvement
in Ecological Change
PRESENT
Implement Change
SOCIAL PERCEPTION [OF
ECOLOGICAL CHANGE]
MICRO-ORGANISM
LIFECYCLES
PRESENCE OF INVASIVE
SPECIES [NO.]
PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE
Restore Coastal Priority
Wetlands for Migrating
Birds
PRESENCE OF ENDANGERED
AQUATIC SPECIES [NO.]
PRESENCE OF ENDANGERED
AVIAN SPECIES [NO.]
Expand Upon Existing
Avian Flyways
OVERALL AVIAN
MIGRATION
!
ALGAE/HYPOXIA [LAKE
ERIE WESTERN BASIN]
FISH SPAWNING CYCLES
FLUCTUATION IN LAKE
ERIE WATER LEVELS
180’
STORM EVENTS [50+ YR]
ESTIMATED 2030
ESTIMATED 2030
OVERALL CLIMATE
CHANGE
STORM EVENTS [10 YR]
Determine Site
Infrastructure
Re-Route for Beneficial
Re-use
LATE SUMMER
TOLEDO SHIPPING
CANAL DREDGING
EARLY SPRING
EARLY SPRING
HIGH FREQUENCY LAKE
WIND CURRENTS
Remediate + Recycle
LATE SUMMER
STORM EVENTS [1 YR]
400’
OPEN LAKE DREDGE
DUMPING
CDF DREDGE
PLACEMENT
TOXIN LEVELS
PCBS+ PAHS]
[NO. OF
Determine Site
Infrastructure
WINTER TO EARLY
SPRING
LAKE FREEZE
Mitigate + Enhance
USCG WEAPONS FIRING
WINTER TO EARLY
SPRING
!
TEMPORARILY HALTED
120’
TOLEDO WATERFRONT
FESTIVALS [>1000 PPL]
i
+
CLASS C [HYDRAULIC]
1
JULY 1 - OCTOBER 15 [DAILY]
Oc
tob
er
CLASS C
September
st
gu
Jul
y
Au
+
CLASS B [dewatered]
2
ry
ua
r
be
Jan
vem
No
December
i
MARCH 1 - DECEMBER 31 [@ 1 MONTH]
Oc
tob
er
CLASS B
September
March
st
Ap
gu
ril
Jul
y
Ma
y
Au
June
Toledo Harbor Lighthouse Festival
+ CLASS C [phytoremediated]
MAY + JUNE [@ 1ST MONDAY]
ry
ua
Ja
n
December
i
3
r
be
vem
No
Oc
tob
bru
Fe
er
March
st
Ap
gu
rill
y
Ma
Jul
y
Au
ary
CLASS C
September
J
June
i
Eco-Gadget Symposium

35. Department of Landscape Architecture
College of Arts and Architecture
image: sean burkholder