1. The Autumn of
Nations

2. Definition
The Revolutions of 1989 were
the revolutions which
overthrew the communist
states in various Central and
Eastern European countries.
All activities connected with
years 1989 – 1991 caused
that communism was moved
out from govern.

3. Background
The beginning of movement is connected with
80's when Solidarity appeared in Poland, with
opposition and first tries of reforms.

4. Poland –
the most
important dates

5. 1980 a wave of strikes of workers who
demanded founding of independent unions
and labour union Solidarność

6. On 13th 1981
communistic
power with Gen.
Jaruzelski put into
martial law
to stop social
disorder.

7. 1982 – 1989 - between these years social resistance
in Poland increased very much. Communistic power was
lower and lower and among members of PZPR
we could observe influence of liberal opinions.

8. 6th February - 5th April “Round Table” meetings
in which took part both communistic power
and members of opposition. During these
meetings important decisions were taken
which started the process of democracy.

9. 4th June 1989 Elections – the representatives of Solidarity got
in Parliament.
24th August 1989 Tadeusz Mazowiecki's government was established
– first non-communistic government in countries called People's
Republic.
22nd December 1990 Lech Wałęsa – the leader of Solidarity became
the President of Poland.

10. All changes appeared in Poland became the
signal for changes in other communistic
countries from central and east Europe like:
Hungary, Czechoslovakia, NRD, Romania,
Albania.

11. Destroying the Berlin Wall became a symbol of
overthrowing communism in central and east
Europe.

12. The Autumn of Nations influented on break
of Yugoslavia where were bloody fights
on etnic background.

13. ZSRR fell in 1991.
But the empire broke down much earlier.
Lituania was the first country which stepped out of soviet union
and then Lotwa, Estonia and many others did the same.

14. Meaning
Thanks to the Autumn of Nations
the Warsaw Pact was eliminated and conflict
between East and West was finished.
The Russian Army was pulled out from
former communistic countries. It influented
on safety in Europe and all over the world.
In central and east Europe people started
to build new, democratic order.

15. Authors:
Paulina Czamara
Judyta Szpunar
Justyna Parys