Vitamin B12 and folic acid are important hematinic agents that play critical roles in DNA synthesis and the methylation cycle. Vitamin B12 requires intrinsic factor for absorption in the terminal ileum and deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia or neurological issues. Folic acid deficiency is more common and can cause megaloblastic anemia, though it will not cause neurological problems like B12 deficiency. Both vitamins are important to replace through diet or supplements in various clinical populations.

1. Aditia Retno Fitri Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University Indonesia

16. V egetarian P ernicious Anemia I leal disease I iver disease

34. Folate: Pharmacodynamics

35. 5-FU methotrexate

39. Folate: Pharmacokinetics Inadequate dietary supply Small intestinal disease Uremia alcoholism, hepatic disease Vitamin B12 deficiency

56. Mechanism Effect Indication Pharmacokinetic