1) O documento discute a manipulação genética de plantas e animais para fins de produção alimentar. 2) Técnicas como a transfecção de Agrobacterium tumefaciens são usadas para introduzir genes em plantas. 3) Exemplos de modificações genéticas incluem aumentar a resistência a pragas e condições ambientais adversas.

1. CRUZAMENTO DE PLANTAS E CRIAÇÃO DE ANIMAIS Biologia 12º (Organismos Transgénicos) Nuno Correia

6. Nuno Correia Bananas have potential to become the world's first edible vaccine due to Agrobacterium . An edible vaccine doesn't need sterile syringes, costly refrigeration, or multiple injections. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 2 million children die worldwide each year from diarrhea that can be prevented easily with vaccines.

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17. Nuno Correia Arcadia Biosciences contributes technology license to the African Agricultural Technology Foundation to develop nitrogen efficient and salt tolerant African rice [Davis CA} -- Arcadia Biosciences, Inc., an agricultural technology company focused on products that benefit the environment and human health, and the African Agricultural Technology Foundation (AATF), a not-for-profit organization focused on the access and delivery of new agricultural technologies for African smallholder farmers, have entered into a licensing agreement for the use of Arcadia’s technologies to develop rice varieties that will be available royalty-free to smallholder farmers in Africa. Under the agreement, AATF receives a license to Arcadia’s Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) and Salt Tolerance technologies for use in African rice . As part of Arcadia’s stated commitment to agricultural and environmental improvement in the developing world, the company will not receive monetary compensation for the research and commercial rights granted in the agreement. In addition, Arcadia will complete the early-stage research and development work for the project and will provide improved rice lines to African research collaborators for field-testing. http://www.plantstress.com/

18. Nuno Correia Transgenic tomato plants overexpressing a vacuolar Na + /H + antiport were able to grow, flower, and produce fruit in the presence of 200 mM sodium chloride. Although the leaves accumulated high sodium concentrations, the tomato fruit displayed very low sodium content. Contrary to the notion that multiple traits introduced by breeding into crop plants are needed to obtain salt-tolerant plants, the modification of a single trait significantly improved the salinity tolerance of this crop plant. These results demonstrate that with a combination of breeding and transgenic plants it could be possible to produce salt-tolerant crops with far fewer target traits than had been anticipated. The accumulation of sodium in the leaves and not in the fruit demonstrates the utility of such a modification in preserving the quality of the fruit. Transgenic salt-tolerant tomato plants accumulate salt in foliage but not in fruit Hong-Xia Zhang 1 & Eduardo Blumwald 1, 2 1 Department of Botany, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON

22. Nuno Correia Tough Lessons From Golden Rice Martin Enserink It was supposed to prevent blindness and death from vitamin A deficiency in millions of children. But almost a decade after its invention, golden rice is still stuck in the lab. Science 25 April 2008: Vol. 320. no. 5875, pp. 468 - 471 DOI: 10.1126/science.320.5875.468

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