1. DEPARTMENT OF ESTATE MANAGEMENT
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING,
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, PERAK
GROUP ASSIGNMENT
DIPLOMA IN ESTATE MANAGEMENT
EMT 257 BUILDING SERVICES & EQUIPMENT
TITLE: CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
PREPARED FOR: MISS NUR ILYANA BAZLIN BINTI MD NOR
NAME
MATRIC NO.
NUR HIDAYAH ADILAH BINTI
MALEK
2011641458
NURUL ATIQAH BT MAHADI
2011260236
NOR AIN BT MOHD MUSTAFA
KAMAL
2011297788
FATEN ATHIRAH BT OTHMAN
2011289296
MUHAMMAD FAISAL B NGATIMIN
2011296496

2. DEFINITION OF AIRCONDITIONING


Process of altering the properties of air mainly
of two things which are temperature and
humidity to more favorable conditions
Process of altering the properties of air mainly
of two things which are temperature and
humidity to more favorable conditions

3. TYPES OF AIR-CONDITIONING
SYSTEM

4. CENTRAL AC SYSTEM
Split-system
Packaged Unit
An outdoor metal cabinet contains the
condenser and compressor, and an
indoor cabinet contains the evaporator
The evaporator, condenser, and
compressor are all located in one
cabinet, which usually is placed on a roof
or on the ground

5. PORTABLE AC SYSTEM
Consists of a mobile selfcontained air conditioning
unit that is placed on the floor
inside a room and discharges
exhaust heat using a hose
vent through an exterior wall
A bit noisier

6. ROOM AC SYSTEM

7. DUCTLESS AC SYSTEM
also known as a
mini split system
perfect where there is
no overhead attic or
crawl space
Consists of the following
components such as indoor air
handling unit, outdoor condensing
unit and remote controller

9. CASE STUDY

10. DEFINITION OF CENTRAL AC
SYSTEM

The central air – conditioning system is
suitable for a large building which is required a
very high air cooling such as cinema, hotel,
hospital, supermarket and etc. This system is
commonly use in a new building.

11. DEFINITION OF CENTRAL AIRCONDITIONING SYSTEM
A method of structural
cooling in which a
centralized unit cools
and dehumidifies air
before circulating it
throughout the building
The main unit is located
outdoors or in isolated
area of a building

12. Method of cooling
To cool down the hot
and high pressure
refrigerant gas that
travels from compressor
to condenser.
It provides ease during the
condensation which occurs
in the condenser where
refrigerant gas changes into
liquid form.

13. Water Cooling Method
Water from
cooling tower
is used to
remove heat
There is a ball float
inside the cooling
tower to ensure the
water is at specified
level
The process of heat
extraction in cooling tower
is known as evaporation
process whereby the water is
cooled by a fan and the heat
will evaporate into air to
cool the water
Cooling tower
functions to cool
down the hot water
that flows from the
condensed water
return pipe (CWR)
Italso supplies
cooled water to
condenser through
condensed water
supply pipe.

14. COMPONENTS

15. COMPRESSOR


i.
ii.
iii.

A pump or other machine that increases the pressure of a
gas.
Three basics types of compressor:
Reciprocating
Rotary screw
Rotary centrifugal
Types of compressor are specified by the number of
compression stage, a cooling method, lubrication and
packaged or custom built

16. AIR HANDLING UNIT ROOM





Also known as AHU
Shaped like box that content equipment with a
blower, condenser, compressor and expansion
valve
A function is to suck air from the rooms and let
it pass through air filters then discharging the
cooled air back to the rooms.
Located at the top of building and the door of
room is always closed
Removable panels are installed with reason a
personnel can enter for maintenance

17. RETURN AIR INLETS




This component is to regulate and extract air
from a room and recycle it
Use of any ventilating, heating and air
conditioning
The air will force air process which blows
through the duct
Located either in hallway or in the ceiling at
AHU Rooms

18. COOL AIR DISPENSER


A place that a cooled air passes over the air
filter and is through by the supply air ducts into
the space which to be air conditioned
Located at the top of ceiling and it will come in
several types

19. TYPE OF GAS THAT USED AS
REFRIGERANT



Chlorodifluoromethane also known
hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC)
Usually known as R22 gas
Very high quality and competitive price

20. Condenser



Condenser is a component which acts as a
heat exchanger that is being used in airconditioning system.
The purpose of condenser is to change the hot
gas that is released by the compressor to
liquid form
Types of condenser; WaterAir-cooled
condenser
cooled
condenser
Evaporative
condenser

21. Case study: Water-cooled
condenser


1.
2.
3.


It uses water from the cooling tower to remove the
heat from the high temperature gas in the
compressor.
The capacity of water-cooled condenser depends
on;
the temperature from the water
the amount of water circulated
temperature of the gas.
The capacity increases with the temperature
difference between gas and water.
There are two pipes of condenser which are
Condensed Water Return (CWR) and Condensed

22. Cross-section of water-cooled
condenser
The condenser in Air
Handling Unit Room

23. Cooling method in condenser
It will flow back
through
condensed water
return (CWR) pipe
and enter cooling
tower for the
process of cooling
Water that flows
in the condensed
water supply
(CWS) pipe will
enter condenser
Once the heat is
absorbed, the
cooled water will
turn into hot water
as it has
absorbed heat
The water is used
to absorb heat
from the hot
compressed
refrigerant gas
that flows from
compressor

24. Cooling tower at Dewan Seri
Iskandar

25. PROCESS
Cooling tower and AHU
controller buttons are
switched on.
Water tank supply water to
cooling tower.
Cooling tower cooler and
filter the water before it
enters condenser.
Refrigerant turns into
highly pressured liquid and
enters TXV.
The gaseous travel into
condenser and cold water
used to cool the hot
gaseous. Condensation
process occur here.
In AHU, compressor
compress the refrigerant
used; R22 gas causes it to
turn into hot and highly
pressured gas.
TXV controls the flows of
the refrigerant which causes
it to reduce pressure. When
pressure reduced,
refrigerant expand and its
temperature drops
Refrigerant enters
evaporator coil. Lower
pressure in evaporator
causes refrigerant to
evaporate. It absorbs heat
and turns cold gaseous.

26. COMMON PROBLEMS
Bad odour
Faulty wiring
Leaky ducts
and low
airflow
Low
refrigerant

28. MAINTENANCE
Refrigerant
gas
Cleaning
Belting
Clean the filter
at the air –
conditioning
system
Electric
control

29. ADVANTAGES
Improves indoor air
quality
Level of indoor noise
is almost negligible
Maintains a constant
temperature and
humidity throughout
the conditioned
space

30. DISADVANTAGES
The size for
the AC unit
The cost of
installing the
system

31. THANK YOU 