1. DIABETES MELLITUS ?
Diabetes = flow through
Mel = honey
 It is a chronic metabolic disorder.
 Has a strong hereditary basis.
 Associated with high blood sugar
and passage of sugar in the urine.

2. SYMPTOMS OF DM ?

3. RISK FACTORS FOR DM ?

4. SOME OTHER RISK FACTORS FOR
DM ?
 Dietary restrictions in foetal stage
 Excess sugar intake
 Low dietary fibre
 Infections
 Acute stress – Physical injury,
surgery, emotional distress
 Prolonged malnutrition

5. RISK FACTORS FOR HT &
 Cigarette smoking  Psychological factors
IHD ?
 High HDL cholesterol  LP (a)
 High fat diet  Age – 50-55 years
 High blood pressure  Male gender
 Diabetes mellitus  Family history
 Physical inactivity  Obesity
 Low HDL cholesterol  Post menopausal
 High Triglycerides status

6. CLUSTERING OF THREE MAJOR RISK
FACTORS CAN CAUSE HEART
ATTACK !!!

8. CHILDHOOD OBESITY A
CONCERN!!!
Pizza,
Icecream
,
Candy,

9. PRINCIPLES OF DIETARY
MANAGEMENT ?
 Low calorie
 Low cholesterol
 High in unsaturated fats –
mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA)
 High in fibre
 High in minerals and vitamins
 Low in sodium especially salt
 Plenty of fluids
 High in omega-3 fat (n-3)
 Low fat particularly saturated fats (SAFA)

10. DIETARY GUIDELINES
 Maintain slightly lower than normal weight.
 Diet should be rich in fibre.
 Have 500 gm of fruits & vegetables each day.
 Use vegetable oil rich in MUFA & n-3.
 Include fish in diet.
 Have small quantities of walnuts and almonds.
 Use only skimmed milk.
 Have coffee and tea in moderation.
 Include Soya bean, fenugreek, garlic, onion and
turmeric in diet.

11. DIETARY GUIDELINES
CONTINUED…
 Use combinations of oils.
 Have plenty of water.
 Prefer whole wheat instead of rice.
 Have 6 meals a day
 3 main meals
 3 in between meals (snacks)
 Avoid feasting and fasting.

12. AVOID THESE …
 Sweets, chocolates, cakes, pastries, Ice creams
 Aerated drinks, alcohol and sweetened juices
 Sago (sabudana)
 Egg yolk
 Coconut
 Sugar, honey, jaggery, glucose
 Meat and pork
 Sodium rich foods (salt)
 Fried foods
 Heavy meal

13. HAVE PLENTY OF THESE…
 Beans  Tomatoes
(green)  Strawberries
 Broccoli  Buttermilk, low fat
 Cabbage  Milk, 1% milk fat
 Cauliflower  Soy milk
 Cucumber  Yogurt, plain
 Brinjal  Tea (no milk & sugar)
 Lettuce  Lime water (no
 Mushrooms sugar)
 Radishes  Water
THESE ARE LOW CALORIE

14. ANIMAL FOODS HIGH IN SAFA AND
CHOLESTEROL
 Butter
 Ghee
 Cheese
 Egg yolk
 Chicken
 Beef
 Mutton
 Pork
 Organ meats – brain, heart, kidney, liver
 Prawns and shrimps
AVOID THEM TO PROTECT YOUR

15. THE KEY TO GOOD

16. FIBRE RICH FOODS…
 Whole cereals
Wheat, Barley, Ragi, Corn, Muesli, Oats, Isabgul…
 Leafy and other vegetables
Cabbage, Peas, Broccoli, Carrots…
 Beans, whole pulses and legumes
Rajmah, Tuver, Chole, Soyabean…
 Fruits
Apples, Strawberries, Peach, Pear, Guava,
Pomogeranate…

17. FOODS HIGH IN SODIUM
 Salt  Egg
 Baking powder  Lobster
 Cooking soda  Monosodium glutamate
 Biscuits  Soya & tomato sauce
 Breads  Pickles
 Salted butter  Wafers
 Cakes & pastries  Papad
 Cheese  Canned food
 Salted chips  Prepared mixes
 Corn flakes  Peanut butter
BEST AT ITS MINIMUM !!!

18. NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS
 Guava  Orange
 Red grapes  Lime
 Pomegranate  Dark green leafy vegetables
 Amla  Walnuts
 Berries (Bor)  Almonds
 Tomato  Whole grain cereals
 Papaya
THESE FIGHT TO PROTECT

19. SOYA PROTEINS
 Soya bean
 Soya milk
 Tofu
 Textured Soya supplements
 Soya nuggets
 Soya flour
IT REDUCES CHOLESTEROL!!!

20. GARLIC
DOSE: 1 or ½ clove of garlic per day
 Reduces blood pressure.
 Reduces cholesterol levels.

21. FENUGREEK SEEDS (Methi)
DOSE: 25 to 50 g per day
 High in fibre
 Reduces blood sugar
 Reduces cholesterol and TG
 Helps loose weight

22. GLYCEMIC INDEX (GI)
Ability of the food item to raise
blood sugar is measured in GI.
 Does not depend on amount of food
 But on how fast it is absorbed within
the body
Diabetics must prefer
low GI foods

23. VERY LOW GI FOODS
 Dals and pulses
Moong dal, tur dal, rajmah, moong,
soybeans, channa etc.
 Low fat dairy products
Milk, curds, paneer and buttermilk.

24. INTERMEDIATE GI FOODS
 All vegetables
Cabbage, brinjal, spinach, methi, guvar etc.
 Fruits with low sugar and high
water
Watermelon, pineapple, apple, orange etc.
 Whole cereals
Whole wheat, whole wheat noodles, bajra,
jowar, ragi, wheat bran, rice bran, barley
etc.

25. HIGH GI FOODS
 Cornflakes
 Rice
 Maida Bread
 Root vegetables like potato, yam
 Sugar, honey, jaggery, sweets, chocolate
 Icecream

26. ALCOHOL….. MUST BE
AVOIDED of empty calories which is
 It is a source
stored in the body as fat.
 It reduces blood sugar and hence must
be avoided especially when on insulin
and oral medicines.
 It damages liver.
 It may react with certain medicines.

27. MYTHS  … & FACTS  …
 Eating sweets cause diabetes.
 Sweets only increase weight. Inability of the
body to form insulin cause diabetes.
 Sugar free products can be freely taken.
 Sugar free products can be high in fat and
hence must be avoided.

28. MYTHS  … & FACTS  …
Continue…
 Diabetics must avoid fruits.
 Only few fruits such as mango, grapes,
chikoo, coconut, sitaphal and banana must be
avoided. Rest all can be taken daily.
 Diabetes is curable.
 Diabetes cannot be cured but can be
managed with diet, exercise and medication.