1. Pohn-X-¯n mw ]e-X-c-¯n-epÅ dnkv¡p-Isf A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t¡-−-Xmbn ht¶-¡mw. A]-I-S-
§Ä, amc-I-tcm-K-§Ä, AXym-ln-X-§Ä, {]IrXn Zpc-´-§Ä F¶nh CXn {][m--s¸-«-h-bmWv.
C¯cw kμÀ`§Ä D−m-Ip-t¼mÄ ap¡pw IpSpw-_-¯npw I¯ km¼-¯n-I--ã-§Ä D−m-
hp-¶p. kwc-£-W-Im-cy-§-fn C³jp-d³knsâ {]m[myw hfsc hep-Xm-Wv. CXv a-Ên-em¡n
bYm-k-abw C³jp-d³kv ]²-Xn-IÄ Xnc-sª-Sp¯v kpc-£n-X-cm-bm `mhn-bn kw`hn-t¨-¡m-
hp¶ Iã--ã-§Ä aqe-apÅ km¼-¯nIã-§Ä Hgn-hm-¡m-m-hpw.
Hcp tcmKn¡v tcmKw nÀ®bw S¯n NnIn-Õm-hn-[n-IÄ S-¸n-em-¡pI F¶-t]mse A{Xbpw
{]m[m-y-apÅ H¶mWv Hmtcm IpSpw-_-¯n-sâbpw kwc-£-W-Im-cy-§Ä Xocp-am-n-¡p-¶-Xpw. Imc-
Ww, Hmtcm IpSpw-_-¯n-sâbpw Bh-iy-§fpw dnkv¡p-Ifpw ]e hn[-¯n-em-b-Xp-sIm-−mWv
C§s kw`-hn-¡p-¶-Xv. Hcp IpSpw-_-¯nsâ sam¯w BkvXn, hcp-am-w, _m[y-X, IpSpw-_mw-K-
§-fpsS F®w, sXmgnÂ, {]mbw F¶n-§s Ht«sd Imcy-§sf tImÀ¯n-W¡nsIm−m-hWw
C³jp-d³kv t]mfn-kn-IÄ GsX-Ãm-sa¶pw Ft¸mÄ thW-sa¶pw Xocp-am-n-t¡-−-Xv. am{X-a-Ã,
hnhn[ I¼-n-IÄ hmKvZmw sN¿p¶ t]mfn-kn-I-fnse dnkvIv IhÀ, IhÀ sN¿m¯ dnkv¡p-
IÄ, aäp n_-Ô--IÄ F¶nh Xmc-Xayw sN¿pI F¶Xpw {]bm-k-apÅ Hcp Imcy-am-Wv. F{X-
sbms¡ Ap-tbm-Py-amb t]mfnkn FSp-¯mepw Hcp s¢bnw D−m-bm AXv XoÀ¸m-¡p¶
coXn, ka-bw, Ap-_Ô tkh--§Ä F¶nh Gähpw ]c-a-{]-[m--amb H¶m-Wv. AXn-m apI-
fn sImSp¯ Imcy-§-fn-seÃmw Xocp-am--sa-Sp-¡p-t¼mÄ Hcp C³jp-d³kv s{]m^-j-W-ensâ
hnZ-Kvt[m-]-tZiw tXSp-¶-Xm-bn-cn¡pw D¯-aw.
hn]-Wn-bn n¶pw, hn]-W--¡m-cn n¶v ]e-hn[ t]mfn-kn-IÄ hm§n A_²w ]än-b-h-
cmWv ½-fn Gsd-t]-cpw. H¶p-In Bsc-¦nepw nÀ_-Ô-]qÀhw t]mfnkn Gev]n-¡p-I-sbm,
AsÃ-¦n mw kzta-[bm ]cn-an-X-amb Adnhpsh¨v t]mfnkn hm§p-Isbm sNbvXn-«p-−m-hmw.
Cu c−p kml-N-cy-¯nepw mw Hcp kwXr-]vX-cmb DS-a-I-fmbn amdp-¶nà F¶-XmWv kXyw.
k¼mZyw hÀ²n-¡p-¶-Xn-mbn ]ecpw C³jp-d³kn nt£-]n-¡m-dp-−v. ]s£ kwc-£-W-
¯n-mWv C³jp-d³kn {]m[myw sImSp-t¡-−-sX¶v ½-fn F{X-t]À {i²n-¨n-«p-−v.
sse^vdnkv¡v am{Xw IhÀ sN¿p¶ ap¡v Ap-tbm-Py-amb hnhn-[-Xcw tSw¹m-p-IÄ Ipd-ª-
n-c-¡n C¶v hn]-Wn-bn e`y-am-Wv. Ch GsX¶pw F{X-t¯mfw thW-sa¶pw hnhn[ I¼-n-
I-fpsS ¹mp-IÄ Xmc-Xayw sNbvX-tijw thWw Xocp-am-n-¡m³. C³Iw-SmIvkv Bp-Iqeyw
sk£³ 80 kn {]Imcw e`y-am-hp¶ t]mfn-kn-bm-Wn-Xv.
Hcp IpSpw-_-¯nv Gähpw Bh-iy-amb t]mfnknbmWv ^manen sl¯v t]mfn-kn. Akp-
Jw, A]-ISw Ch-aqew D−m-tb-¡m-hp¶ NnIn-Õm-Nn-e-hp-IÄ IhÀsN-¿p¶ t]mfn-kn-bm-Wn-Xv.
55 hb-Ênp ap¼v t]mfnkn FSp-¡m³ sshZy-]-cn-tim-[ Bh-iy-an-Ã. 4hÀjw XpSÀ¨-bmbn
t]mfnkn FSp-¡p-t¼mÄ ne-hn-ep-−m-bn-cp¶ Akp-J-§Ä¡pw NnIn-Õm-Nn-ehv e`y-am-Ipw.
sk£³ 80Un{]-Imcw C³Iw-SmIvkv Bp-Iqeyw e`y-am-hp¶ t]mfn-kn-bm-Wn-Xv.
A]-I-S-§Ä hÀ²n-¨p-h-cp¶ C¶s¯ Ime¯v A]-I-S-C³jp-d³kv t]mfn-kn-bpsS {]kàn
hfsc hep-Xm-Wv. saUn-¡Â ]cn-tim-[ Bh-iy-an-Ãm¯ ]e-hn[ t]mfn-kn-Ifpw C¶v ne-hn-ep-

2. −v. 18hbÊp apX 70 hb-Êp-hsc {]mb-ap-ff hcp-am--apÅ GsXm-cmÄ¡pw 5e£w apXÂ
3tImSn cq]-h-sc-bpÅ t]mfn-kn-IÄ C¶v hn]-Wn-bn e`y-am-Wv. Ipd-ª-{]o-anbw nc-¡nÂ
Ht«sd dnkv¡p-IÄ IhÀ sN¿p¶ Cu t]mfnkn Hcp IpSpw-_-¯nse hcp-am--apÅ c£n-Xm-
¡sf Dt±-in¨v nÀ½n¨ t]mfn-kn-bmWv hnhn[ I¼-n-I-fpsS t]mfn-kn-IÄ Xmc-Xayw sN¿p-
Ibpw ap¡v Ap-tbm-Py-am-bh Xnc-sª-Sp-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXn-sÃ-¦n mw hnNm-cn¨ {]tbm-Pw
e`n-s¨-¶p-h-cn-Ã.
hoSnp ho«p-]-I-c-W-§Ä¡pw mw [mcmfw ]Ww Nne-h-gn-¡p-¶p. ]s£ hoSpw ho«p-]-I-c-W-
§fpw mw bYm-hn[n kwc-£n-¡p-¶ps−m? 98 iX-am-w- t]À kwc-£n-¨n-«nà F¶-XmWv kXyw.
Ipd-ª-Nn-e-hn ZoÀL-Im-e-kw-c-£Ww ÂIp¶ tlmw C³jp-d³kv t]mfn-kn-IÄ C¶v nehn-
ep-−v. Xo]n-Sp-¯w, If-hv, {]Ir-Xn-Zp-c-´-§Ä apX-emb Hcp Uk-n-tesd dnkv¡p-IÄ IhÀ
sN¿p¶ t]mfn-kn-IÄ Ipdª nc-¡n e`y-am-hm³ hnhn[ I¼-n-I-fpsS t]mfn-kn-IÄ Xmc-
Xayw sNbvtX FSp-¡m-hq.
hmlw C³jpÀ sN¿p-t¼mÄ Gä-hp-a-[nIw {i²n-t¡-−Xv Hcp A]-I-S-ap-−m-bmÂ
Iymjvsekv Bbn hmlw dn¸-bÀ sN¿pI F¶-Xm-Wv. c−m-a-Xm-bn, tXbvamw IW-¡m-¡msX
s¢bnw ÂIp¶ t]mfnkn FSp-¡pI F¶-Xm-Wv. CXn-p-]p-d-sa, hml--C³jp-d³kn e`y-amb
tm s¢bnw t_mWkv, UnkvIu−v F¶nh F{X-t¯mfw ÂIp-¶p-s−¶pw a-Ên-em-¡-Ww.
à tkhw ÂIp-¶Xpw Ipdª {]oanbw nc¡v e`y-am-hp-¶-Xnpw hnhn[ C³jp-d³kv I¼-
n-I-fpsS {]oanbw Xmc-Xayw sN¿-Ww. CXn-¶mbn C³jp-d³kv hnZ-Kv[-cpsS A`n-{]mbw Bcm-bp-
¶-XmWv D¯-aw.
Hcp IpSpw-_-¯nv Bh-iyw-th− t]mfn-kn-I-fmWv apI-fn sImSp-¯n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Ch
GsX¶pw, F{X-t¯m-fw, GXp-k-a-b¯v F§ns F¶p Xocp-am-n-¡m³ klm-bn-¡p-I-bmWv
Fbnw-kn-eqsS n§Ä¡v e`y-am-hp-¶-Xv. CXp-Iq-SmsX ne-hn-epÅ t]mfn-kn-bpsS hnh-c-§Ä
ÂIn-bm Ah-sb-¡p-dn¨v Ah-tem-Iw sNbvXp-X-cp-¶p. ne-hn-epÅ t]mfn-kn-I-fnse s¢bnw
kw_-Ôn-bmb {]iv-§Ä Ds−-¦n AXnv ]cn-lmcw Is−-¯p-¶-Xnv n§sf klm-bn-¡p-
Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. Npcp-¡n-¸-d-ªmÂ, C³jp-d³kv kw_-Ô-amb GXp Imcy-§Ä¡pw Hcp GI-
Pm-e-I-kw-hn-[m--ambn n§Ä¡v Fbnw-kns kao-]n-¡mw. hnZ-Kv[-cmb Bfp-I-fpsS D]-tZiw
n§-fpsS `mhn kwc-£-W-Im-cy-§Ä¡v Hcp klm-b-l-kvX-am-bn-cn-¡pw.
Fbnwkv C³jpd³kv t{_m¡n§v I¼n : XrÈqÀ BØmambn {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xpw
sF.BÀ.Un.F. AwKoIrX t{_m¡n§v I¼nbmWv Fbnwkv. tIcf¯np ]pdsa XangvmSv,
IÀWmSI F¶nhnS§fnepw I¼n {]hÀ¯n¨p hcp¶p−v. dnkvIpIsf Ipdn¨v ]Tn¡pIbpw
AptbmPyamb t]mfnknIÄ Nn«s¸Sp¯pIbpw sN¿p¶p. nehnepÅ t]mfnknIfnÂ
A]mIXIÄ Ds−¦n AXv Is−¯pI, icnbmb t]mfnknIÄ XmcXayw sNbvXv ip]mÀi
sN¿pI, s¢bnw D−mbm AXn CSs¸«v XoÀ¸m¡p¶Xnv klmbn¡pI F¶nhbmWv
{][m tkh§Ä. C³jpd³kv kw_Ôamb GXp Imcy§Ä¡pw Hcp GIPmeI
kwhn[mambn Fbnwkv {]hÀ¯n¡p¶XmWv.