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Ammonia   Darryl Ho 4L04
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ammonia
Uses of Ammonia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Modern Ammonia Production  (The Haber Process)  Achieved by the direct combination of hydrogen and nitrogen, over an iron or aluminium catalyst. Hydrogen is obtained from the decomposition of methane by heating. Nitrogen is obtained from the distillation of liquefied air. The reaction is shown below:  N 2 (g) + 3H 2 (g) ⇌  2NH 3 (g)
Fertilizer (Ammonium Nitrate) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Fertilizer (Ammonia Nitrate)
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],NH4NO3    NH 3  + HNO 3  [ΔH > 0] Fertilizer (Ammonium Nitrate)
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Fertilizer (Explosive) NH4NO3   NH 3  + HNO 3  [ΔH > 0] 2NH 4 NO 3   2N 2  + 4H 2 O + O 2   [ΔH = -1460 kJ/kg]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Fertilizer (Explosive) 2NH 4 NO 3  -> 2N 2  + 4H 2 O + O 2  [ΔH = -1460 kJ/kg]
Closed  System /  Low  Temperature Exothermic Fuel Combustion Open  System /  High  Temperature NH 3  leaves system N 2 O + H 2 O Combusting Fuel Combusting Fuel Exothermic N 2  + O 2  + H 2 O Exothermic More oxygen available for combustion of fuel Higher Temperature Higher rate of exothermic decomposition  of  NH4NO3 EXPLOSION Endothermic NH 4 NO 3 NH 3  + HNO 3 N 2  + O 2  + H 2 O
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A Terrorist’s Arsenal
For something intended as a gift of life to be used for destructive purposes is truly a tragedy. The   End

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Ammonia Uses Fertilizer Explosives

  • 1. Ammonia Darryl Ho 4L04
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. Modern Ammonia Production (The Haber Process) Achieved by the direct combination of hydrogen and nitrogen, over an iron or aluminium catalyst. Hydrogen is obtained from the decomposition of methane by heating. Nitrogen is obtained from the distillation of liquefied air. The reaction is shown below: N 2 (g) + 3H 2 (g) ⇌ 2NH 3 (g)
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. Closed System / Low Temperature Exothermic Fuel Combustion Open System / High Temperature NH 3 leaves system N 2 O + H 2 O Combusting Fuel Combusting Fuel Exothermic N 2 + O 2 + H 2 O Exothermic More oxygen available for combustion of fuel Higher Temperature Higher rate of exothermic decomposition of NH4NO3 EXPLOSION Endothermic NH 4 NO 3 NH 3 + HNO 3 N 2 + O 2 + H 2 O
  • 11.
  • 12. For something intended as a gift of life to be used for destructive purposes is truly a tragedy. The End