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Algae Fuels : Emerging opportunities for Indian Entrepreneurs,[object Object]
The story behind Oilgae…,[object Object]
Why are we here for?,[object Object],To give a overall summary about algae biofuels,[object Object],To highlight the opportunities in this sector,[object Object]
List of Contents,[object Object],Introduction,[object Object],Classification of energy,[object Object],Biofuels,[object Object],Biomass as fuel source,[object Object],Introduction to algae biofuels,[object Object],History,[object Object],Uniqueness of algae fuels,[object Object],Technology ,[object Object],Algae fuels: Growth and Investments,[object Object],Role of India in algae biofuels,[object Object],Current status of algae fuels in India,[object Object],Benefits to Emerging entrepreneurs,[object Object],Challenges and bottlenecks,[object Object],Conclusion,[object Object]
Introduction,[object Object],	Incremental need for alternative fuels is mainly due to:,[object Object],Rising crude oil prices,[object Object],Resulting impact on our environment due to fossil fuels,[object Object],	(e.g., global warming),[object Object]
Classification of energy,[object Object],ENERGY SOURCE,[object Object],Non RenewableEnergy,[object Object],Renewable Energy,[object Object],Solar,[object Object],Alternative,[object Object],Traditional,[object Object],Wind,[object Object],Oil,[object Object],Hydro,[object Object],Nuclear,[object Object],Gas,[object Object],Ocean,[object Object],Tar Sands,[object Object],Coal,[object Object],Oil Shale,[object Object],Geothermal,[object Object],Gas Hydrates,[object Object],Biomass,[object Object]
Biofuels,[object Object],Less common types:,[object Object],[object Object]
Synfuel,[object Object]
Biofuels are fuels that are derived from organic biomass, rather than minerals
Classified into 		1st , 2nd  & 3rd generation biofuels,[object Object]
First generation biofuels,[object Object],Made from soybeans, palm, canola and rapeseed ,[object Object],Pros,[object Object],[object Object]
Familiar feedstocks
Scalable to production capacities
Experience with commercial production and use in several countries		Cons,[object Object],[object Object]
Low land-use efficiency
Modest net reductions in fossil fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions with current processing methods,[object Object]
More efficient and environmentally friendly
Less farmland is required
Useful by-productsCons,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
not directly affecting the human food chain
grown in places that are not suitable foragriculture
enhanced efficiencies or reduction in costCons,[object Object],The problem of course isin developingtechnologies that will enable this kind of biofuel to be more cost effective to make. ,[object Object]
Introduction to algae fuels,[object Object]
History of energy from algae,[object Object],Aquatic Species Programme, (1978 and 1996),[object Object],Mainly focused on microalgae for oil (biodiesel),[object Object],25 million dollar investment,[object Object],Production of algae for fuel is not economically viable,[object Object],Since 2002, there have been a number of commercial and research efforts in the algae energy field, and the activities have further accelerated starting 2008. ,[object Object],While most of the efforts in the first few years focused on biodiesel as the end-product, recently a number of efforts have recently been initiated to explore the viability of using algae as feedstock for other energy products.,[object Object]
Uniqueness of algae fuels,[object Object],Higher oil yield,[object Object],Lesser land requirement,[object Object],food vs. fuel ,[object Object],Algae fuels,[object Object],Adaptability,[object Object],Range of products,[object Object],WWT & CO2 capture,[object Object]
Higher oil yield,[object Object]
Lesser land requirement,[object Object],Algae is capable of producing 30 times more oil per acre than the current crops now utilized for the production of biofuels.,[object Object],Algae could produce up to 94,000 liters of oil per acre, shrinking land requirements,[object Object]
 Adaptability to a range of environment,[object Object],Grown under conditions which are unsuitable for conventional crop production,[object Object], 	(marine water, wastewater, open ponds),[object Object]
Solve the food versus fuel problem,[object Object],Does not compete directly with crops grown for food ,[object Object],Algae can make use of marine and waster water,[object Object],Some algae can be grown in desert regions,[object Object],Some algae can be grown in ocean environment,[object Object],Does not require expensive nutrients for growing,[object Object]
A wide range of fuel products,[object Object],Algae,[object Object]
Integrated with Wastewater Treatment and CO2 capture,[object Object]
How to obtain fuel from algae?,[object Object],Picking up the best algae,[object Object],Growing the algae,[object Object],Harvesting ,[object Object],Generating the fuel product,[object Object]
Open systems,[object Object]
Closed systems,[object Object],Tubular PBR,[object Object],Flat plate PBR,[object Object],Also referred as Photobioreactors,[object Object]
Product generation via different routes,[object Object],Biodiesel,[object Object],Ethanol,[object Object],Hydrogen,[object Object],Methane,[object Object],Electricity – where algae biomass is directly used for combustion,[object Object],Other hydrocarbon fuel variants, such as JP-8 fuel, gasoline, biobutanol etc.,[object Object]
Biodiesel from algae,[object Object],        Cultivation of Microalgae species,[object Object],       Harvesting of Microalgae,[object Object],     Extraction of Oil from Microalgae,[object Object],Transesterification,[object Object],    Biodiesel,[object Object]
Ethanol from algae,[object Object],            Algae Biomass,[object Object],                   Fermentation,[object Object],         Ethanol,[object Object]
Hydrogen from algae,[object Object],				Biomass,[object Object],Gasification,[object Object],Biogas Fermentation,[object Object],Dark Fermentation,[object Object],Steam Reformation,[object Object],				H2,[object Object]
Methane from algae,[object Object],Algal Biomass,[object Object],Anaerobic digestion,[object Object], Methane,[object Object]
Challenges & Bottlenecks,[object Object],Economical,[object Object],Biological,[object Object],Technical,[object Object]
Picking up an algae strain ,[object Object]
Technical Challenges,[object Object],Maintenance of  open pond cultivation,[object Object],Cost of closed systems,[object Object],Harvesting of microalgae,[object Object]
Economics,[object Object]
Algae fuels: Growth and Investments,[object Object]
Growth,[object Object],More than 100 companies are working on algae fuels, especially in USA and UK ,[object Object]

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Algae Fuels: Emerging Opportunities for Indian Entrepreneurs

Notas del editor

  1. Devoloping countries taking larger share.. (india, china), video (inconvenient truth)
  2. Although there are alternatives, they dun satisfy transportation needs….
  3. Biofuels (ethanol, etc…)
  4. Introduction to algae fuels
  5. Few companies
  6. Breakthroughs (yield & cost)
  7. Biofuel mandates, economics (growth, investments, cost)
  8. Developing countries are often situated in regions which are geographically interesting for algae cultivation (favourable climatic conditions, cheap labour and underdeveloped land)