Everything you need to know about MARC, but never thought to ask. (MARC = MAchine Readable Cataloging)

1. Alt du trenger å vite om
MARC
men ikke har tenkt å spørre om
2014-02-03 ole.husby@gmail.com

2. Dette er en presentasjon som er laget for et internt seminar om MARC ved seksjon for fellestjenester ved NTNU UB den 3. februar
2013. Utenfor denne konteksten kan den sikkert virke forvirrende her og der.
Noe av hovedbudskapet ved presentasjonen er at MARC har mange aspekter - utover den dalige omgangen med BIBSYS-MARC
som dataregistreringsformat ved NTNU UB.
2014-02-03 ole.husby@gmail.com

4. 000 $a 941081494
008 $a p $b v $c eng
020 $a 0-571-17192-3
082 $a 810
100 $a Friedman, Kinky
245 $a Elvis, Jesus & coca cola $c by Kinky Friedman
260 $a London $b Faber and Faber $c c1994
300 $a 197 s.
650 $a Elvis Presley impersonators $x Fiction
691 $a amerikansk-litteratur
740 $a Elvis, Jesus, and coca cola

6. Historikk
MARC I pilot (LC)
MARC Distribution Service
USMARC og dialekter utvikler seg
UNITMARC
MARC 21
MARCXML
1966 1969
1976
1997
2002
.

7. Hva er egentlig et MARC-format (1)
Et konseptuelt (abstrakt) metadataskjema som
beskriver dataelementer på to nivåer: felter og
delfelter
- der feltene er navngitt med tresifrede tall og
delfeltene navngitt med alfanumeriske tegn
- pluss mye mer, f.eks. regler for koding,
tegnsett, feltverdier etc

8. Hva er egentlig et MARC-format (2)
Det som beskrives av MARC 21-standarden
Inkludert skilletegn!
Inkludert ISO2709!

9. MARC 21
http://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/bdintro.html
A MARC record is composed of three elements: the record structure, the
content designation, and the data content of the record.
The record structure is an implementation of the international standard
Format for Information Exchange (ISO 2709) and its American counterpart,
Bibliographic Information Interchange (ANSI/NISO Z39.2).
The content designation--the codes and conventions established explicitly to
identify and further characterize the data elements within a record and to
support the manipulation of that data--is defined by each of the MARC formats.
The content of the data elements that comprise a MARC record is usually
defined by standards outside the formats. Examples are the International
Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD), Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules,
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), or other cataloging rules,
subject thesauri, and classification schedules used by the organization that
creates a record. The content of certain coded data elements is defined in the
MARC formats (e.g., the Leader, field 007, field 008).

10. Forskjellige formattyper
Bibliographic (MARC 21)
Authority (MARC 21)
Holdings (MARC 21)
Classification (MARC 21)
Community (MARC 21)
Personennamen (MAB)
Körperschaftsnamen (MAB)
Schlagwörter (MAB)
Bilder (BIBSYS)

12. Forskjellige bruksområder
Opprinnelig: Utveksling av MARC-poster
Seinere: Lagring, Registrering, Presentasjon

13. Utveksling
Spredning av katalogdata (MARC distributiuon
service)
Innsamling av katalogdata (til fysisk
samkatalog)
Kopikatalogisering
Innholdsprodusentenes metadatatjenester
(EBSCO)

14. Lagring
Egner MARC seg som lagringsformat?
Umulig å si ja eller nei

15. Registrering
Katalogiseringsprogram har mer eller mindre
eksplisitt bruk av MARC-notasjon

16. Presentasjon
Egner MARC seg som presentasjonsformat?
Ja, hvis brukeren er katalogisator og
brukstilfellet er MARC-katalogisering
Ellers ikke

17. Forskjellige varianter
MARC
USMARC
NORMARC
UNITMARC
LIBRISMARC
BIBSYSMARC
INTERMARC
CANMARC
UNIMARC
danMARC2
SWEMARC
MARC 21
MAB
BILDEMARC

18. Forskjellige eiere
LC
MARC
MARC 21
NB
USMARC
danMARC2 DBC
NORMARC KB
SWEMARC
UNITMARC
MAB
LIBRISMARC
BILDEMARC
DB
BIBSYSMARC
BIBSYS
INTERMARC
BnF
CANMARC
NLC/BNC
UNIMARC
IFLA

19. Hvorfor så mange forskjellige?
Godt spørsmål

20. Forskjellige kodinger
(linjeformat, utvekslingsformat (ISO 2709),
XML, regneark etc)
Det fysiske formatet for digital koding av
MARC-posten.
Også kalt serialisering.
NB: Av og til er ISO 2709 underforstått

21. Forskjellige kodinger
Noen kodinger tar mindre plass enn andre (ISO
2709 er mest kompakt)
Noen kodinger er mer menneskeligleselige enn
andre (ISO 2709 er mest uforståelig)
Noen kodinger er lettere å behandle
programmatisk enn andre

22. MARC Exchange format (ISO 2709)
01355nam
2200313Ia 4500001001100000003000800011006001900019007001500038008004100053
020001500094040002100109035002000130050002100150100005400171245011400225260003900339
300002600378490006500404490003900469500006700508504005100575533015200626650002300778
655002900801710001700830830003000847830004000877856012400917ebr2003204CaPaEBRm
u
cr cn|||||||||770615r19991948enka
aEBRcCaPaEBR
sb
001 0 eng d
z0415175372
aCaP
a(OCoLC)7072056114aJA38b.L4 1999eb1 aLasswell, Harold D.q(Harold Dwigh
t),d1902-1978.14aThe analysis of political behaviorh[electronic resource] :ban empir
ical approach /cHarold Dwight Lasswell.
aLondon :bRoutledge,c1999, c1948.
aix, 314
p. :bdiagrs.1 aInternational library of sociology. Political sociology ;v21 aIntern
ational library of sociology
er, 1948.
aOriginally published: London : K. Paul, Trench, Trubn
aIncludes bibliographical references and index.
aElectronic reproduction
.bPalo Alto, Calif. :cebrary,d2009.nAvailable via World Wide Web.nAccess may be limi
ted to ebrary affiliated libraries. 0aPolitical science. 7aElectronic books.2local2
aebrary, Inc. 0aPolitical sociology ;v2. 0aInternational library of sociology.40uhtt
p://site.ebrary.com/lib/ntnu/Doc?id=2003204zAn electronic book accessible through th
e World Wide Web; click to view

23. MarcEdit linjeformat
=LDR
01355nam
2200313Ia 4500
=001
ebr2003204
=003
CaPaEBR
=006
mu
=007
crcn|||||||||
=008
770615r19991948enkasb0010engd
=020
$z0415175372
=040
$aCaPaEBR$cCaPaEBR
=035
$a(OCoLC)70720561
=050
14$aJA38$b.L4 1999eb
=100
1$aLasswell, Harold D.$q(Harold Dwight),$d1902-1978.
=245 14$aThe analysis of political behavior$h[electronic resource] :$ban empirical
approach /$cHarold Dwight Lasswell.
=260
$aLondon :$bRoutledge,$c1999, c1948.
=300
$aix, 314 p. :$bdiagrs.
=490
1$aInternational library of sociology. Political sociology ;$v2
=490
1$aInternational library of sociology
=500
$aOriginally published: London : K. Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1948.
=504
$aIncludes bibliographical references and index.

24. MARCXML
<marc:collection xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim http://www.loc.
gov/standards/marcxml/schema/MARC21slim.xsd">
<marc:record>
<marc:leader>01355nam a2200313Ia 4500</marc:leader>
<marc:controlfield tag="001">ebr2003204</marc:controlfield>
<marc:controlfield tag="008">770615r19991948enka
controlfield>
sb
001 0 eng d</marc:
<marc:datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<marc:subfield code="z">0415175372</marc:subfield>
</marc:datafield>
<marc:datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
<marc:subfield code="a">Lasswell, Harold D.</marc:subfield>
<marc:subfield code="q">(Harold Dwight),</marc:subfield>
<marc:subfield code="d">1902-1978.</marc:subfield>
</marc:datafield>
<marc:datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="4">
<marc:subfield code="a">The analysis of political behavior</marc:subfield>
<marc:subfield code="h">[electronic resource] :</marc:subfield>
<marc:subfield code="b">an empirical approach /</marc:subfield>

25. NORMARC linjeformat
*000 $a040458520
*008 $an
$be
$bv
$ceng
*020 $z0-415-17537-2
*082d $a306.2
*100 $aLasswell, Harold Dwight
*245 $aThe analysis of political behavior
$helektronisk ressurs
$ban empirical approach
$cHarold Dwight Lasswell
$wanalysis of political behavior
*260 $aLondon
$bRoutledge
$c1999, c1948
*300 $aix, 314 s.
$bdiagrs
*440 $aInternational library of sociology
$pPolitical sociology
$v2
*440 $aInternational library of sociology
*500 $aOriginally published: London : K. Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1948.
*500 $aE-bok tilgjengelig for eierbibliotek via Internett
*650 $aPolitical science

26. BIBSYS Linjeformat

27. Regneark
Eksempel mangler!
Tabeller egner seg generelt dårlig, fordi MARCpostene har
● Mange tomme felter (kolonner)
● Mange repeterbare felter (kolonner)

29. Feltkoder, indikatorer, delfeltkoder
=100
1$aLasswell, Harold D.$q(Harold Dwight),$d1902-1978.
=245 14$aThe analysis of political behavior$h[electronic resource] :$ban empirical
approach /$cHarold Dwight Lasswell.
=260
$aLondon :$bRoutledge,$c1999, c1948.
=300
$aix, 314 p. :$bdiagrs.
=490
1$aInternational library of sociology. Political sociology ;$v2
Delfeltkoder, hierarkisk underinndeling
Indikatorer: Presisering (kvalifisering) av feltkoden
Feltkoder, hierarkisk hovedinndeling

30. Leader og directory (2709)
01355nam
2200313Ia 4500001001100000003000800011006001900019007001500038008004100053
020001500094040002100109035002000130050002100150100005400171245011400225260003900339
300002600378490006500404490003900469500006700508504005100575533015200626650002300778
655002900801710001700830830003000847830004000877856012400917ebr2003204CaPaEBRm
u
cr cn|||||||||770615r19991948enka
aEBRcCaPaEBR
sb
001 0 eng d
z0415175372
aCaP
a(OCoLC)7072056114aJA38b.L4 1999eb1 aLasswell, Harold D.q(Harold Dwigh
t),d1902-1978.14aThe analysis of political behaviorh[electronic resource] :ban empir
Directory: Innholdsfortegnelse, dvs liste over de enkelte feltene i 2709-posten
Leader: Metainformasjon om 2709-posten

31. Kontrollfelter (00X) og datafelter
Variable control fields - The 00X fields. These fields are identified by a field
tag in the Directory but they contain neither indicator positions nor subfield
codes. The variable control fields are structurally different from the variable
data fields. They may contain either a single data element or a series of fixedlength data elements identified by relative character position.
Variable data fields - The remaining variable fields defined in the format. In
addition to being identified by a field tag in the Directory, variable data fields
contain two indicator positions stored at the beginning of each field and a
two-character subfield code preceding each data element within the field.
(Denne språkbruken er relatert til ISO 2709).

32. Skilletegn
=100
1$aLasswell, Harold D.$q(Harold Dwight),$d1902-1978.
=245 14$aThe analysis of political behavior$h[electronic resource] :$ban empirical
approach /$cHarold Dwight Lasswell.
=260
$aLondon :$bRoutledge,$c1999, c1948.
=300
$aix, 314 p. :$bdiagrs.
=490
1$aInternational library of sociology. Political sociology ;$v2

33. Andre metadataformater
Her forstår vi metadata som brukes til
beskrivelse av dokumenter, dvs bibliografiske
data
Selve metadatabegrepet er ikke så lett å få tak
på
Det som er data for noen er metadata for andre

34. Dublin Core
<dc:title>The analysis of political behavior [electronic resource] : an empirical approach /</dc:
title>
<dc:creator>Lasswell, Harold D.(Harold Dwight),1902-1978.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ebrary, Inc.</dc:creator>
<dc:type>text</dc:type>
<dc:type>Electronic books.local</dc:type>
<dc:publisher>London : Routledge,</dc:publisher>
<dc:date>1999, c1948.</dc:date>
<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
<dc:description>Originally published: London : K. Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1948.</dc:description>
<dc:description>Includes bibliographical references and index.</dc:description>
<dc:description>Electronic reproduction.</dc:description>
<dc:subject>Political science.</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>http://site.ebrary.com/lib/ntnu/Doc?id=2003204</dc:identifier>

35. Mods
<mods version="3.0">
<titleInfo>
<nonSort>The </nonSort>
<title>analysis of political behavior [electronic resource]</title>
<subTitle>an empirical approach</subTitle>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal">
<namePart>Lasswell, Harold D. (Harold Dwight)</namePart>
<namePart type="date">1902-1978</namePart>
<role>
<roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">creator</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="corporate">
<namePart>ebrary, Inc</namePart>
</name>
<typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource>
<genre authority="marc">bibliography</genre>
<genre authority="local">Electronic books.</genre>

37. Katalogisering og MARC
Katalogiseringsreglene (f.eks. AACR el RDA)
avgjør hvilke dataelementer som skal brukes
Metadataformatet (f.eks. BIBSYS-MARC)
avgjør hvordan elementene beskrives
Kodingsformat (f.eks. ISO 2709) og tegnsett
avgjør hvordan elementene kodes digitalt

38. FRBR : Dinas bok
Person
Work
Expression
Manifestation
Person
Item

39. FRBR : Kjøp 5 betal for 1
001 $a 03077764x
008 $c fre $h fr $a p $b v
015 $a nf0308411
020 $a 2-910030-04-0 $b h.
082 $d 839.823[S]
100 $a Wassmo, Herbjørg
241 $a Dinas bok
245 $a Le livre de Dina $b roman
$c Herbjørg Wassmo ; traduit du norvégien par Luce Hinsch
$w livre de Dina
260 $a Larbey $b Gaïa editions $c 2003
300 $a 554 s.
096 $a NBO $c NA/A 2003:2083 $n 03ga07504
[ Person | Work | Expression | Manifestation | Item ]

40. Linked data, RDF, Bibframe, etc

41. BIBFRAME.ORG
This technical site for the Bibliographic
Framework Initiative (BIBFRAME.ORG) serves
as the official repository for the vocabulary,
tools and shared code in support of
BIBFRAME. Led by the Library of Congress,
this community effort represents the beginning
of a transition from the MARC 21
communication format to a new RDF-based
data model, embracing Linked Data practices in
support of sharing and publishing metadata.

42. Men hva er egentlig BIBFRAME
Et metadataskjema som kan erstatte MARC,
inndelt i klassene
Work
Instance
Authority
Annotation
BIBFRAME er ikke i samme grad som MARC
fokusert på “poster”

43. BIBFRAME
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
<bf:Work rdf:about="http://id.loc.gov/resources/bibs/3333332" xmlns:bf="http://bibframe.
org/vocab/">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://bibframe.org/vocab/Text"/>
<bf:authorizedAccessPoint>Van Caspel, Paul. Bloomers on the Liffey : eisegetical
readings of Joyce's Ulysses</bf:authorizedAccessPoint>
<bf:title>Bloomers on the Liffey : eisegetical readings of Joyce's Ulysses</bf:title>
<bf:workTitle>
<bf:Title>
<bf:titleValue>Bloomers on the Liffey :</bf:titleValue>
<bf:subtitle>eisegetical readings of Joyce's Ulysses /</bf:subtitle>
</bf:Title>
</bf:workTitle>
<bf:creator>
<bf:Person>
<bf:label>Van Caspel, Paul.</bf:label>
<bf:authorizedAccessPoint>Van Caspel, Paul.</bf:authorizedAccessPoint>
<bf:hasAuthority>
<madsrdf:Authority xmlns:madsrdf="http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#">
<madsrdf:authoritativeLabel>Van Caspel, Paul.</madsrdf:authoritativeLabel>

44. Om MARC-verktøy
Katalogiseringsprogram (blåskjerm etc)
Konverteringsprogram (MARCedit etc)
Protokollverktøy (OAI-PMH, SRU etc)

45. Om BIBSYS og NB sin rolle
NB: Vedlikeholder NORMARC
BIBSYS: Vedlikeholder BIBSYS-MARC
BIBSYS vil også måtte få en rolle mht en “norsk
utgave av MARC 21” til bruk i Alma

46. Spesielle BIBSYS-krav
Fokus på online-katalog
Lenking
Indikatorer
Egne typeverdier
Skilletegn
Eksemplardata
Lokale emne/klass
Sorteringsfelt

47. Photo: Till Krech http://www.flickr.
com/photos/10508943@N00/125171884/

48. MARC must die
(Roy Tennant, 2002)
It is a template for the printed card (245 $c)
It has non-explicit semantics
It is not really machine readable
It is not normalised: 020 $a 0394170660 (Random House : pbk.) :$c $4.95
It has several data elements in one subfield, with punctuation
It has redundancy (008 + 245h)
It is not one standard, but different flavors
It is domain-specific
It is mixed up with cataloging rules
It is focused on records, not data