INCLUSIVE EDUCATION PRACTICES FOR TEACHERS AND TRAINERS.pptx
Introduction to Seismology Analysis Saudi Arabia
1. Introduction to Seismology Seismic Hazard Analysis 1 (pp.455-460) Department of Earth Sciences KFUPM Ali Oncel [email_address] Introduction to Seismology-KFUPM
4. Depth=0-20km Time Interval: 1973-2005 Log (N)= 8.06 – 1.12 M Frequency-Magnitude Model Mc=4.6 Introduction to Seismology-KFUPM Oncel, 2006
5. Zoning : Spatial mapping of the variations in seismicity or earthquake strong ground motion (and identification of similar zones) Parameters to map: Occurrence of damaging earthquakes (Mallett 1858) Number of felt earthquakes (e.g. Balloré 1896) I o Macrozoning on the regional scale Microzoning takes into account localised conditions e.g. rock and soil type Recall: Seismic Zonation Introduction to Seismology-KFUPM
9. Magnitude prediction equations • Best known: Wells and Coppersmith (1994). – Distributed to the class. – Recommendation: read the article, and learn how to use these relations. Introduction to Seismology-KFUPM See pp. 437 of Bullen and Bolt
20. Hazard Parameters for Seismic Sources of Eastern Arabia Could you write Magnitude-Frequency Relations for Regions 1 and 2? Log N= 10.17 – 1.22 M Region 1 Log N= 6.99 - 0.94 M Region 2 What is the number of M7 for regions 1 and 2? Introduction to Seismology-KFUPM Abdalla and Al- Homoud (2004) 1008-2002
21. What is the Frequency? Log (N/T obs )= 10.17 – 1.22 M Region 1 Log (N/T obs )= 6.99 - 0.94 M Region 2 T obs = 995 years What is the number of M7 for regions 1 and 2? (N/T obs ) = 10 10.17-1.22* 7 (N/T obs )= 10 6.99-0.94* 7 0.043 for Region 1 0.03 for Region 2 Introduction to Seismology-KFUPM
22. What is the Recurrence Time? What is the recurrence period for M7 events? T(1)= 1/ (N/T obs )= T(2)=1/ (N/T obs )= 23.33 yrs 387.10 yrs Which of those regions has large hazard? Region 1? Or Region 2? Introduction to Seismology-KFUPM
23. Probability is given by formula as: P(t)= 1-e -t/T Recall T is recurrence time while t is years Then calculate the M=7 probability for 30 years? P(t)= 0.72 or % 72 for Region 1 P(t)= 0.07 or % 7 for Region 2 Introduction to Seismology-KFUPM What is the Earthquake Probability?