While "open educational resources" initiatives like MIT OpenCourseWare generated media buzz during the 2000s, a new wave of initiatives is leveraging OER to dramatically decrease the cost, improve access, and increase the quality of secondary and higher education for the average student. This presentation demonstrates how "open" is shaping the field of education, and what is coming in the future. This talk was delivered at the University of Georgia during March, 2013.

1. OPEN
Decreasing Costs, Improving Access,
and Increasing Quality of Education
David Wiley, Shuttleworth / Lumen / BYU

2. “Socially Responsible Research”
For the love of Pete -
MAKE A DIFFERENCE

3. Overview
• The Why and What of “open”
• Sharing at scale, and when sharing isn’t
• The Displacing Adoption and the Golden Ratio
• Results, and shaping the trend line

4. WHAT and WHY

5. Education is Sharing

6. Education is Sharing
Faculty with students
Students with teachers

7. Faculty Share With Students
Knowledge and skills
Feedback and criticism
Encouragement

8. Students Share With Faculty
Questions in Class
Assignments
Exams

9. Successful Educators
Share most compeltely
with the most students

10. If there is no sharing…
there is no education.

11. Interlude: A Riddle
What can you give without giving it away?

12. Ideas are Nonrivalrous
Can be given without being given away

13. Physical Expressions Are Not
To give a book you must give it away

14. Expressions Are Different
To give a book you must give it away

15. When Expressions Are Digital
They also become nonrivalrous

18. Unprecedented Capacity
We can share as never before

19. Except We Can’t
© regulates copying, adapting,
and distributing those copies

20. Internet Copyright
Enables Forbids
What to do?

22. Use copyright to enforce sharing

23. The 4Rs
Reuse – copy verbatim
Revise – adapt and edit
Remix – combine with other OER
Redistribute – share with others

24. What to Watch For
http://creativecommons.org/

25. What are Open Educational
Resources (OER)?
(1) Any kind of teaching materials –
textbooks, syllabi, lesson plans,
videos, readings, exams

26. What are Open Educational
Resources (OER)?
(2) Are free for anyone to access, and
(3) Include free permission to engage
in the 4R activities

27. Internet OER
Enables Allows
Leveraging the full technical capability
of the internet

28. Sharing at Scale
When Sharing Isn’t

29. Well Over 500M CC License Uses
Over half a billion OER

30. OpenCourseWare Consortium

35. When Is Sharing Not Sharing?
When it is only offering

36. Publishing (Offering) is Prestigious
Reusing is not

37. Vice Versa
We need to change the way
reuse is valued

38. The Displacing Adoption
and why it matters

42. Tuition and Fees are Political
What about textbook adoptions?

43. Textbook Costs
The lowest hanging fruit

44. e.g., Developmental Math
$180, MyMathLab, and
a financial aid check

45. Displacing Adoptions
Make the required textbook cost $0

46. The Golden Ratio

47. Education’s Golden Ratio
Dollars spent per learning outcome

48. Open High School of Utah
Public, fully online charter school
400 students in grades 9-12
Adding 7-8 in Fall 2013-2014

49. Open High School of Utah
Charter mandates use of OER
76% whole school proficiency
(Ranked 31st in Utah)

50. % Proficient Content + LMS Proficiency
on CRT Cost per Dollar
Other 58% $380 0.15
OHSU 76% $18 4.22

51. % Proficient Content + LMS Proficiency
on CRT + Teacher Cost per Dollar
Other 58% $800 0.07
OHSU 76% $34 2.24

52. Results
Shaping the Trend Line

53. Utah Open Textbook Project
Hewlett funding
Secondary science classrooms
Adapt CK12.org textbooks

54. Utah Open Textbook Project
3 years, 6000 students, 30 teachers
Very few digital devices

55. Utah Open Textbook Project
$4.99 per book ($80/$11.43)

57. Method
Quasi-experimental design with:
• Treatment and Control Group
• Pre and Post Test
• Dependent variable: 2012 science CRT
score
• Independent variable: Textbook condition
• Covariates: age, gender, special
education, English language proficiency,
2011 test data, 2011 GPA, and race

58. Propensity Score Matching
Conditional probability of assignment
Increased group balance by 98%

59. Results
• IRT scaled scores +0.8 for
participants, significant at p < .001
• Multiple r squared of .635
(variance in scores accounted for
in our model)

60. Utah Open Textbook Project
Saves money
Improves outcomes
Period

61. Utah Open Textbook Project
Winter 2012: USOE goal of 6-12
Fall 2013: 75,000 students in science
Math and ELA next
State partnerships

62. Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative
NGLC funding
8 community colleges / OA colleges
Aggregate OER-based textbook replacements

63. Kaleidoscope
10 GE courses; 9,000 students
Dropped required textbook cost to $0
Average change was +14% in success rate

64. 90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Historical Success Kaleidoscope

65. Why?
OER mean full access to all course content
for every student from day 1

66. Student ratings of quality of open texts
Number of Students
Worse quality 3%
Same quality 56%
Better quality 41%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
• “It was very concise and aligned with exactly what we were
working on in the class.”
• “Having the textbook catered to us by our teacher was
perfect.”
Bliss, Hilton, Wiley, Thanos (2012)

67. Student preference for Kaleidoscope
courses
Number of Students
No preference 13%
Prefer traditional 13%
Prefer Kscope 73%
0 20 40 60 80 100
• “I enjoy having online texts provided for me because I'm
poor. I spend the money I have left after rent on school, so
having free online texts provided for me benefits me very
much.”
• “GREAT WAY TO DO ONLINE CLASSES!!!!” Hilton, Wiley, Thanos (2012)
Bliss,

68. Kaleidoscope
Renewal funding from NGLC
Expanding to 28 institutions

69. Textbook Zero
Tidewater Community College
Associates of Business Administration
Opens Fall 2013

71. Textbook Zero
100% OER pathway through degree
Decreases cost of degree by 25%+

72. Continuous Improvement (ImprovOER)
OER and
Assessment
Redesign
Students Use Determine
OER and OER
Assessments Effectiveness
Assessment
and
Behavioral
Student
Data

73. By Fall 2013
OHSU + TCC
100% OER pathway from 7 - Associates

74. By Fall 2015
100% OER options for
6-12 science, math, and ELA

75. By Fall 2015 (?)
100% OER options for
General Education requirements

76. By Fall 2016 (?)
100% OER pathway through a
Bachelors degree

77. Driving Questions
How inexpensive can we make it?
How broadly can we expand access and
participation?
How high can we push the success rate?

78. Driving Questions
If I only have 25 years left,
is there something more important
I should be working on?

79. Discussion
http://davidwiley.org/