1. Installing and Basic Usage
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2. 2Installing and Basic Usage
Agenda
Installing and Basic Usage
● Planning the Installation
● Installation (node 1 - Frontend)
● Installation (node 2 - Worker Node)
● Configuration
● Basic Usage
● Managing Hosts
● Images, Networks, Templates and VMs
● Managing Users, Quotas and ACLs
● Logging & Debugging

3. 3Installing and Basic Usage
A Typical OpenNebula Environment
Planning the Installation
• Repository of VM images
• Multiple Backends (LVM, Ceph)
Monitoring,Virtualization,
Storage and Network
• Provides physical resources for the VMs
• Must have a hypervisor installed

4. 4Installing and Basic Usage
Virtual Lab
Planning the Installation
NODE 1 NODE 2

5. 5Installing and Basic Usage
Required Software
Installing
● Head node
● ssh, ruby
● OpenNebula: oned, mm_sched, sunstone, …
● Worker nodes
● Hypervisor (KVM, Xen or VMWare)
● ssh, ruby (Xen & KVM)
● Optional
● Storage Backends (LVM, iSCSI, Ceph, …)
● Networking systems (VLAN, Open vSwitch, …)
● Ganglia, LDAP, Apache, Nginx

6. 6Installing and Basic Usage
Installation node 1 - Frontend
Installing
Hands on (node1) !
● Activate repo and Install Packages
● Add QEMU drivers
● Configure NFS Server
# cp /var/tmp/tutorial/opennebula.repo /etc/
yum.repos.d/
# yum install opennebula-server opennebula-sunstone
opennebula-node-kvm opennebula-flow
# sed -i 's/"kvm" ]/"qemu" ]/' /etc/one/oned.conf
# cat /etc/exports
/var/lib/one
*(rw,sync,no_subtree_check,root_squash,anonuid=9869,anongid=9869)

7. 7Installing and Basic Usage
Installation node 1 - Frontend
Installing
Hands on (node1) !
● Configure Sunstone
● Start Services
● Quick overview of the CLI
# service nfs start
# service libvirtd start
# service opennebula start
# service opennebula-sunstone start
# gpasswd -a oneadmin wheel
# su - oneadmin
$ oneuser show
$ oneuser -help
# sed -i 's/127.0.0.1/0.0.0.0/' /etc/one/sunstone-server.conf

8. 8Installing and Basic Usage
Installation node 1 - Frontend
Installing
Hands on (node1) !
● OpenNebula CLI Commands
$ one[TAB]
oneuser Manage Users oneimage Manage Images
onegroup Manage Groups onetemplate Manage Templates
oneacl Manage ACLs onevm Manage VMs
onehost Manage Hosts oneacct Accounting Tool
onecluster Manage Clusters onemarket Marketplace Tool
onevnet Manage Networks onedb DB Tool
onedatastore Manage Datastores

9. 9Installing and Basic Usage
Installation node 2 – Worker Node
Installing
Hands on (node2) !
● Activate repo and Install Packages
● Configure Network, Hostname, NFS and sudo
# cp /var/tmp/tutorial/opennebula.repo /etc/
yum.repos.d/
# yum install opennebula-node-kvm
# echo HOSTNAME=node2 > /etc/sysconfig/network
# hostname node2
# sed -i 's/1.1.1.1/1.1.1.2/' /etc/sysconfig/network-
scripts/ifcfg-br1
# ifconfig br1 1.1.1.2/24 up
# mount –t nfs 1.1.1.1:/var/lib/one /var/lib/one
# gpasswd -a oneadmin wheel
# service libvirtd start

10. 10Installing and Basic Usage
Configure Password-less SSH
Installing
Hands on! (always node1 from now on)
● OpenNebula needs passwordless ssh access to
all the nodes from all the nodes:
# (as oneadmin)
$ ssh-keyscan node1 node2 > ~/.ssh/known_hosts
# test it!
$ ssh node2
$ exit
$ ssh node1
$ exit

11. 11Installing and Basic Usage
Get User Information - Sunstone
Installing
● Get the Sunstone Login information
● Try out sunstone! http://localhost:9869
# (as oneadmin)
$ cat ~/.one/one_auth
oneadmin:<password>

12. 12Installing and Basic Usage
oned.conf
Configuration
/etc/one/oned.conf (open this file and take a look!)
● OpenNebula Daemon:
● LOG, PORT, DB
● Monitoring Intervals: MANAGER_TIMER, MONITORING_INTERVAL
● Configuration options for VMs:
● VNC_BASE_PORT
● MAC_PREFIX (MAC  IP)
● DEFAULT_DEVICE_PREFIX = "hd“ (or vd, xvd, etc…)
● Drivers:
● IM_MAD, VMM_MAD, TM_MAD, DATASTORE_MAD, HM_MAD,
AUTH_MAD
● Resources:
● DEFAULT_UMASK
● VM_RESTRICTED_ATTR, IMAGE_RESTRICTED_ATTR

13. 13Installing and Basic Usage
sched.conf
Configuration
/etc/one/sched.conf (open this file and take a look!)
● Scheduler Daemon:
● ONED_PORT, SCHED_INTERVAL, LOG
● Dispatch Options
● MAX_VM, MAX_DISPATCH, MAX_HOST, LIVE_RESCHEDS
● Policy
● DEFAULT_SCHED (packing, striping, load-aware, custom)

14. 14Installing and Basic Usage
Adding Hosts - Sunstone
Basic Usage – Hosts
Hands on! (Sunstone)
● Create one host in Sunstone: node1
● Virtualization: KVM
● Information: KVM
● Network: dummy
● Cluster: dummy
● Watch transition INIT  ON
● Click on the row for more information
● Automatic gathering of monitoring data
● Take a look at the graphs

15. 15Installing and Basic Usage
Adding Hosts - CLI
Basic Usage – Hosts
Hands on! (CLI)
(always as oneadmin in the Frontend – node 1)
$ onehost –help
$ onehost create –help
$ ssh node2 ls –ld /var/tmp/one
$ onehost create node2 -i kvm -v kvm -n dummy
$ onehost list
$ onehost top
# Wait for ON ... and then CTRL-C
$ ssh node2 ls –ld /var/tmp/one
$ onehost show node2
$ onehost show 1
$ onehost show -x 1

16. 16Installing and Basic Usage
Adding Images
Basic Usage – Images
Hands on! (Sunstone)
● Create an Image in Sunstone
● Name: tty
● Provide a Path: /var/tmp/tutorial/ttylinux.qcow2.img
● Advanced  Driver: qcow2
● Datastore: default
● Create!
● Watch transition LOCKED  READY
● Ownership and Permissions (ala Unix!), Size, Driver...
Hands on! (CLI)
$ oneimage list
$ oneimage show tty
# DO NOT EXECUTE THE FOLLOWING COMMAND
$ oneimage create --name tty --driver qcow2
--path /var/tmp/tutorial/ttylinux.qcow2.img -d
default

17. 17Installing and Basic Usage
System Datastore
Basic Usage – Datastores
Hands on! (Sunstone)
● Inspect each Datastore:
● The system datastore:
● Holds images for running VMs
● The TM_MAD (transfer manager driver) is shared which means:

18. 18Installing and Basic Usage
Shared Datastore
Basic Usage – Datastores
Hands on! (Sunstone)
● The default datastore:
● Holds images ready to be cloned or linked for VMs
● The DS_MAD is fs because our image is a regular file
● The TM_MAD (transfer manager driver) is shared which means:

19. 19Installing and Basic Usage
Adding Networks
Basic Usage – Networks
Hands on! (Sunstone)
● Create a new Network
● Name: private
● Type: Fixed Network
● IP: 192.168.0.1 -> [ENTER] -> repeat ... -> 192.168.0.4
● Network Model: default
● Bridge: br1
br1
VM VM
Node 1
eth1
br1
Node 2
eth1
VM VM

20. 20Installing and Basic Usage
Adding Networks
Basic Usage – Networks
Hands on! (Sunstone)
● Network extended information:
● Lease Management  Add, Hold and Remove Leases
Hands on! (CLI)
$ cat private2.net
NAME = private2
TYPE = fixed
BRIDGE = br1
LEASES = [ IP = 10.0.0.1 ]
LEASES = [ IP = 10.0.0.2 ]
$ onevnet create private2
$ onevnet list
$ onevnet show private
$ onevnet addleases private 192.168.0.105
$ onevnet hold private 192.168.0.105

21. 21Installing and Basic Usage
Adding Templates
Basic Usage – Template
Hands on! (Sunstone)
● A template is a Virtual Machine definition ready to be instantiated
● It has CPU, Memory, Disks, NIC, Graphical Ports, etc...
● Create a new Template:
● Name: ttylinux
● CPU: 0.1
● Memory: 64M
● Storage: tty
● Network: private
● Input/Output: VNC + Keymap
● Random values in Context  Custom Variables
● Create!

22. 22Installing and Basic Usage
Adding Templates
Basic Usage – Template
Hands on! (CLI)
● Try the useful --dry option in the CLI
$ onetemplate create --help
$ onetemplate create --name ttylinux --cpu 0.1
--memory 64 --disk tty --nic private --vnc --dry
NAME="ttylinux“
CPU=0.1
MEMORY=64
DISK=[
IMAGE="tty“
]
NIC=[
NETWORK="private“
]
GRAPHICS=[ TYPE="vnc", LISTEN="0.0.0.0" ]

23. 23Installing and Basic Usage
Instantiating
Basic Usage – VMs
Hands on! (Sunstone)
● Instantiate the template
● Deploy 2 VMs
● Leave the name blank
● Watch the transition PENDING  RUNNING
● In which host is running each VM?
● vnc ( root / password)
● ifconfig  configured using context
● migrate
● live-migrate
● ping the other machine

24. 24Installing and Basic Usage
Main VM actions
Basic Usage – VMs
suspend VM state saved. Kept in the host.
power off (--hard) Powers off a VM. Kept in the host.
stop VM state saved. Taken to the system datastore.
undeploy (--hard) Powers off a VM. Taken to the system datastore.
reboot (--hard) Reboots the VM.
delete --recreate Cleans the VM and moves it to PENDING.
shutdown (--hard) Powers off a VM, cleans host and VM is removed
from OpenNebula.
delete VM is immediately destroyed regardless of state.
Recommended only for oneadmin.

25. 25Installing and Basic Usage
Other VM actions
Basic Usage – VMs
Hands on! (Sunstone)
● VM extended information tab
● Capacity - Resize VM capacity
● Storage - Attach new disk
● Network - Attach new nic
● create a new network  attach nic  reboot
● Snapshot
● create a file using VNC
● Take snapshot
● Modify the file
● Revert
● Placement
● Actions - Schedule action
● Template
● Log

26. 26Installing and Basic Usage
Managing Users
Basic Usage – Users
Hands on! (Sunstone)
● Create new user: testuser / testpass
● Click on new user  Update Quotas
● Enforce 1 Max VMs  Add/edit quota
● Other possible options
● limit the use of a Datastore
● limit the use of an Image
● limit the use of a Network
● Apply changes!
● Create new ACL
● We can customize any rule extending the functionality provided by the
Unix ownership/group/permissions schema.

27. 27Installing and Basic Usage
Logs
Basic Usage – Logging and Debugging
● Logs are kept under /var/log/one
● oned.log: all the information related to the oned daemon. Every
request, actions and driver errors will be here. The verbosity is set by
DEBUG_LEVEL in /etc/one/oned.conf
● sched.log:has all the information related to the placement of Virtual
Machines. If a VM is not being deployed (kept in PENDING state), this
log will explain why.
● <id>.log: the log of each VM. Also accessible through Sunstone.
● To activate driver logs, enable ONE_MAD_DEBUG in /etc/one/defaultrc

28. 28Installing and Basic Usage
Other Features
Other Key Features in OpenNebula
● Appliance Marketplace
● Catalog of virtual appliances
● Integrated with Sunstone
● Deployable in Private Cloud
● Hybrid Cloud Computing
● AWS connector that enables Cloud-Bursting
● Service Management (OneFlow)
● Automatic execution and scaling of multi-tiered applications
● Gain insight cloud applications
● Virtual Data Centers
● Fully-isolated virtual infrastructures
● Fedaration of multiple OpenNebula Zones
● Fine-Grained Accounting

29. 29Installing and Basic Usage
We Will Be Happy to Clarify Any Question
Questions?