An Introduction to Implementation of HFO-1234 yf in Manufacturing Facilities by Chris Seeton.

1. An Introduction to Implementation of HFO-1234yf
in Manufacturing Facilities
¹ØÓÚHFO-1234yfÔÚÉú²úÖÆÔ쳡ËùµÄʵʩ·½·¨½éÉÜ
Chris Seeton, Ph.D.
Honeywell Refrigerants
International Workshop on Next-Generation Technologies for Mobile Vehicle Air Conditioning
June 2010, Nanjing, China

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Getting Started with HFO-1234yf / ¿ªÊ¼Ó¦ÓÃHFO-1234yf
• EU MAC Directive / Å·Ã˹ØÓÚÆû³µ¿Õµ÷µÄ¹æ¶¨
– New platform registrations must use a LGWP refrigerant beginning
January 2011 / 2011Äê1ÔºóгµÐͱØÐëʹÓõÍGWPµÄÖÆÀä¼Á
• US GHG Regulation EPA-420-F-09-047a published 1-Apr-10
ÃÀ¹ ú 2010Äê4ÔÂ1ÈÕ·¢²¼µÄ¹ØÓÚÎÂÊÒÆøÌåµÄ¹æ¶¨£ºEPA-420-F-09-047a
– OEM tailpipe CO2 and CAFE mpg credits available for adopting
advanced technologies including LGWP refrigerants
²ÉÓ Ã ÏȽø¼¼Êõ£¬°üÀ¨Ê¹ÓÃLGWPÖÆÀä¼Á£¬½«¿ÉÒÔ»»È¡Î²ÆøCO2ÅÅ·ÅÁ¿ÒÔ¼°Æ½¾ù
ȼÓÍЧÂÊCAFEÖ¸±ê
It’s time to focus on HFO-1234yf production launch including:
equipment, facilities, and logistics
ÊǸùØ×¢HFO-1234yfͶ²ú£¨°üÀ¨É豸ºÍÎïÁ÷£©µÄʱºòÁË
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International Workshop on Next-Generation Technologies for Mobile Vehicle Air Conditioning
June 2010, Nanjing, China

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Organizations / ×éÖ¯»ú¹¹
• Government chemical registration / regulations / Õþ¸®»¯Ñ§Æ·¹ÜÀí»ú¹¹
– Europe / Å·ÖÞ
• REACH / Å·ÃË¡¶»¯Ñ§Æ·×¢²á¡¢ÆÀ¹À¡¢ÊÚȨºÍÏÞÖÆÖƶȡ·
• ATEX / Å·Ã˹ØÓÚÇ±Ô Ú ±¬Õ¨»·¾³ÓõÄÉ豸¼°±£»¤ÏµÍ³µÄ·¨¹æ
• Country and local regulations / µØ·½·¨¹æ
– US / ÃÀ¹ú
• Environmental Protection Agency / »·±£²¿: SNAP, PMN
• Department of Transportation (DOT) / ÔËÊ䲿
• Individual States / ¸÷Öݵط½·¨¹æ
• National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) / ÃÀ¹úÏû·ÀÐ-»á
• UL
• Building Codes / ½¨Öþ·¨¹æ
• OSHA / Ö°Òµ°²È«ÓëÎÀÉú¹ÜÀí¾Ö
– SAE / Æû³µ¹¤³Ìѧ»á
– ASHRAE / ²Éů¡¢ÖÆÀäºÍ¿Õµ÷¹¤³ÌʦÐ-»á
– ISO / ¹ú¼Ê±ê×¼»¯×éÖ¯
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International Workshop on Next-Generation Technologies for Mobile Vehicle Air Conditioning
June 2010, Nanjing, China

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What’s different for HFO-1234yf vs. R-134a?
HFO-1234yfºÍR-134aµÄ²»Í¬Ö®´¦
• Transportation / ÔËÊä
• Storage / ´¢´æ
• Assembly line facilities / ×°ÅäÏßÉ豸
• Service facilities / άÐÞÉ豸
HFO-1234yf is mildly flammable which will influence facility and equipment selection
HFO-1234yfÊÇÇá¶È¿ÉȼµÄ£¬Òò´ËӦѡÔñºÏÊʵÄ×°ÖúÍÉ豸
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International Workshop on Next-Generation Technologies for Mobile Vehicle Air Conditioning
June 2010, Nanjing, China

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Transportation / ÔËÊä
• HFO-1234yf is classified as a flammable gas in all regions:
Europe, Japan, US
HFOÔÚÅ·ÖÞ¡¢ÈÕ±¾¡¢ÃÀ¹ú¶¼ÊôÓÚ¿ÉȼÐÔÆøÌå
• All containers will have flammability classification identification
ËùÓÐÈÝÆ÷Ó¦ÓпÉȼÐÔ·ÖÀà±ê¼Ç
– Placards / ¿ÉȼÐÔ±êÅÆ
– Cylinder Color Band / ¸ÖÆ¿ÑÕÉ«
Flammable gases are currently distributed in all regions
ÊÀ½ç¸÷µØ¶¼´æÔÚ¿ÉȼÐÔÆøÌåµÄ¹ã·º·Ö·¢
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International Workshop on Next-Generation Technologies for Mobile Vehicle Air Conditioning
June 2010, Nanjing, China

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Refrigerants Classification Overview / ÖÆÀä¼Á·ÖÀà×ÝÀÀ
Refrigerant
Flammable Gas Classification
Classification
ÆøÌå¿ÉȼÐÔ·ÖÀà
Gas / ÆøÌå EU / Å·ÃË Japan / ÈÕ±¾ US / ÃÀ¹ú ASHRAE 34 ISO 817*
Safety Group
Propane / ±ûÍé Flammable Flammable Flammable A3 A3
HFC-152a Flammable Flammable Flammable A2 Safety Group A2
Safety Group
Ammonia / °± Flammable Flammable Nonflammable B2 B2L
Safety Group
HFC-32 Flammable Nonflammable Flammable A2 A2L
Safety Group
1234yf Flammable Flammable Flammable A2* A2L*
*Based on measured properties / »ùÓÚ²âÊÔÐÔÖÊ
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June 2010, Nanjing, China

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Storage / ´¢´æ
• Refrigerant delivery area / ÖÆÀä¼Á·¢ËÍÇøÓò
• Storage site location criteria / ´¢´æµØµãÑ¡Ôñ¿¼ÂÇÒòËØ
– Quantity / ´¢´æÁ¿
– Distance from buildings / À뽨ÖþÎïµÄ¾àÀë
– Ventilation / ͨ·ç
• Storage tank considerations / ´¢¹Þ¿¼ÂÇÒòËØ
– Permanent bulk tank / ÓÀ¾ÃÐÔ´¢¹Þ
– ISO Container / ²Û³µ
– Cylinders / ¸ÖÆ¿
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International Workshop on Next-Generation Technologies for Mobile Vehicle Air Conditioning
June 2010, Nanjing, China

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Outdoor Storage / ÊÒÍâ´¢´æ
• Rigid piping, grounded / ½ÓµØÓ²¹Ü
• Adequately supported and free of corrosion
×㹻ǿµÄÖ§³Å£¬±ÜÃⸯʴ
To charging station
´¢¹Þ ±Ã·¿
È¥Íù³ä×°Ïß
Storage
Tank Pump
cabinet
• Pump motors rated appropriately / µç»úÊʵ±
Grounding cable / ½ÓµØÏß • Non-sparking motors / Î޻𻨵ç»ú
•Tank location : distance from building and pedestrian paths. / ´¢¹ÞλÖãºÔ¶À뽨ÖþºÍÈËÐеÀ
•Adequate grounding / ³ä·Ö½ÓµØ
•Tank on firm foundation fireproof concrete support / µØ»ù¼áʵ£¬·À»ð»ìÄýÍÁÖ§³Å
•No smoking designated area, and no source of open flame / ½ûÖ¹ÎüṈ̃êÖ¾£¬ÑÏ·ÀÃ÷»ð
•Tank equipped with excess flow valve. / ´¢¹Þ°²×°ÓйýÁ÷±£»¤·§
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International Workshop on Next-Generation Technologies for Mobile Vehicle Air Conditioning
June 2010, Nanjing, China

9. Honeywell.com
US Codes HFO-1234yf Storage & Handling
ÃÀ¹ú¹ØÓÚHFO-1234yfµÄ´¢´æºÍʹÓÃÏà¹Ø¹æ¶¨
HFO-1234yf is Class I, Group D and Group IIA /HFO-1234yfÊÇÊôÓÚClass I£¬Group DºÍIIA
What Guidance is Available? ÓÐÄÄЩ¿ÉÓõÄÖ¸ÄÏ£¿
NFPA 497- Recommended Practice for the Classification of Flammable Liquids, Gases, or
Vapors and of Hazardous (Classified) Locations for Electrical Installations in Chemical
Process Areas 2008 Edition ¹ØÓÚ¿ÉȼҺÌå¡¢ÆøÌå»òÕôÆøµÄ·ÖÀ࣬ÒÔ¼°»¯Ñ§Æ·´¦Àí³¡ËùµçÆø°²×°Î£ÏÕ·Ö¼¶µÄÍƼöʵʩ·½°¸
• HFO-1234yf is classified as Group D or Group IIA: the autoignition temperature of 405 C
is consistent with use of a T2 temperature class per the National Electric Code (NFPA-70).
HFO-1234yf¶¨¼¶ÎªGroup D»òIIA£º×ÔȼζÈ405C£¬¸ù¾ÝÃÀ¹úµçÆø¹æ¶¨(NFPA-70)£¬ÓëT2ζÈÀàÒ»ÖÂ
• Minimum Ignition Current and MIC ratio (>>1) measurements have confirmed
classification. ×îСÒýȼµçÁ÷ºÍ×îСÒýȼ±È²âÁ¿½á¹ûÈ·Ö¤Á˸÷ּ¶¡£
• NFPA 55 - Standard For The Storage, Use, And Handling Of Compressed Gases And
Cryogenic Fluids In Portable And Stationary Containers, Cylinders, And Tanks
¹ØÓÚ Òƶ¯ ¼° ¹Ì¶¨Ê½ ÈÝÆ÷ ¡¢ ¸ÖÆ¿ ¡¢ ´¢¹Þ ÄÚ Ñ¹Ëõ ÆøÌå »ò µÍΠÁ÷Ìå µÄ ´¢´æ ¡¢ ʹÓà ¼° ²Ù×÷ ±ê×¼
• NFPA 70 - National Electrical Code® ÃÀ¹ú¹ú¼ÒµçÆø·¨¹æ
NFPA 497 can be requested to add classification drawings for mildly flammable gases
¿ÉÒÔÉêÇëÏòNFPA497Ìí¼ÓÇá¶È¿ÉȼÆøÌåµÄ·ÖÀà±êÖ¾
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International Workshop on Next-Generation Technologies for Mobile Vehicle Air Conditioning
June 2010, Nanjing, China

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Product Storage and Handling
²úÆ·´¢´æÓëʹÓÃ
NFPA 55 Standard for the Storage, Use, and Handling of Compressed and
Liquefied Gases in Portable and Stationary Containers, Cylinders, and Tanks
NFPA55
ÊǹØÓÚÒƶ¯¼°¹Ì¶¨Ê½ ÈÝÆ÷¡¢ ¸ÖÆ¿¡¢ ´¢¹Þ ÄÚѹËõ¼°Òº»¯ÆøÌåµÄ´¢´æ ¡¢ ʹÓü°²Ù×÷µÄ±ê×¼
• Ventilation of 1 cfm/sq.ft. of floor area ÿƽ·½Ã×µØÃæͨ·çÁ¿18.3 m3/h
• Quantity Limits, outdoor storage separation distances from exposures (e.g.,
street) and minimum distance between storage areas (quantity dependent)
ÓÃÁ¿ÏÞÖÆ£¬ÊÒÍâ´¢´æÇøÓòÓë½Ó´¥ÇøÓò(±ÈÈç½ÖµÀ)µÄ¸ôÀë¾àÀ룬´¢´æÇøÓòÖ®¼äµÄ×îС¾àÀë(ÓëÁ¿ÓйØ)
• Explosion venting or prevention required if quantity limits exceeded
• Storage Temperature of 125F ´¢´æζȲ»¸ßÓÚ52C
• Portable Cylinder Permitted Physical Orientations Òƶ¯Ê½¸ÖÆ¿ÔÊÐíµÄ¶¨Ïò
• Buildings (e.g., control areas) must comply with NFPA 5000 (Building
Construction and Safety Code) ½¨Öþ Îï·ûºÏNFPA5000 ºÍ°²È« ¹æ¶¨ £©
±ê׼¥Óî ½¨Öþ
• Areas for storage or use where in excess of quantity limits must comply with
NFPA 70 (Electrical Code) ³¬¹ýÓÃÁ¿ÏÞÖƵĴ¢´æ»òʹÓÃÇøÓò±ØÐë·ûºÏNFPA70µçÆø±ê×¼
• Cylinder and Tank Construction requirements (DOT, ASME Pressure Vessel
Code Section VIII) ¸ÖÆ¿ºÍ´¢¹ÞÖÆÔìÒªÇó£¨DOT£¬ASMEѹÁ¦ÈÝÆ÷±ê×¼µÚVIII½Ú£©
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International Workshop on Next-Generation Technologies for Mobile Vehicle Air Conditioning
June 2010, Nanjing, China

11. Honeywell.com
Assembly Line Facilities / ×°ÅäÏßÉ豸
• Refrigerant Transfer Lines ÖÆÀä¼ÁתÒÆ
– Piping ¹ÜÏß
– Seals ÃÜ·â
– Sensors ´«¸ÐÆ÷
• Assembly line facility considerations ³ä×°ÏßÉèÊ©
– Building code ½¨ÖþÎïµÈ¼¶
– Location of charging equipment ³ä×°É豸µØµã
– Ventilation ͨ·ç
• Charging Equipment Selection / ³ä×°É豸ѡÔñ
– Unique from R-134a / Çø±ðÓÚR-134a
– Non-sparking / ÎÞ»ð»¨
• Recovery / Rework Areas »ØÊÕÇøÓò
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International Workshop on Next-Generation Technologies for Mobile Vehicle Air Conditioning
June 2010, Nanjing, China

12. Honeywell.com
Charging Station / ³ä×°Õ¾
Suspended unit
Charging Station Cabinet
Feed Line
Pneumatic
Control
Emergency
Shut-off valve
Flammable concentrations may occur
Flammable concentrations are unlikely to occasionally in normal operation, unless
occur in normal operation. new charging equipment is utilized.
Õý³£²Ù×÷ÖУ¬²» ¿ÉÄܳöÏÖ±¬Õ¨Å¨¶È
³ý·Ç ʹÓà Р³ä×¢ É豸 £¬ Õý³£ ²Ù×÷ ÖÐ £¬ ÓпÉÄÜ ³öÏÖ ±¬Õ¨ Ũ¶È
Action: ´ëÊ©£º Action: ´ëÊ©£º ¸ÃÇøÓòÊÇ·ñСµ½¿ÉÒÔºöÂÔ(CFDÄ£Äâ)
•Eliminate Zone through ventilation ͨ¹ýͨ·çÏû³ý¸ÃÇøÓò •Is Zone small enough to be ignored (CFD)
•If not possible, avoid ignition sources Èç¹û²»¿ÉÄÜ£¬±ÜÃâ»ðÔ´ •Eliminate Zone through ventilation ͨ¹ý ͨ·ç Ïû³ý ¸Ã ÇøÓò
and use electrically rated equipment ²¢Ê¹Óð²È«·À±¬Ð͵çÆøÉ豸 •If not possible, avoid ignition sources
Èç¹û ²»¿ÉÄÜ £¬ ±ÜÃâ »ðÔ´
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International Workshop on Next-Generation Technologies for Mobile Vehicle Air Conditioning
June 2010, Nanjing, China

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Service Facilities / άÐÞÉ豸
• Building considerations ½¨Öþ Îï ¿¼ÂÇ
– Storage ´¢´æ
– Ventilation ͨ·ç
• Charge Stands ³ä×° ̨
• Leak Detection ¼ì©
• Recovery Equipment »ØÊÕ É豸
• Test Stands for Component Development ×é·Ö²âÊǪ̂
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International Workshop on Next-Generation Technologies for Mobile Vehicle Air Conditioning
June 2010, Nanjing, China

14. Honeywell.com
Schematic of charging machine / ³ä×¢»úʾÒâͼ
De-gasing
noncondensables
²»ÄýÐÔÆøÌåÍÑÆø
Vacuum Pump
Õæ¿Õ±Ã »ØÊÕ
Recovering
1234yf
feed vacuuming
³éÕæ¿Õ
Charging
½øÁÏ
³ä×¢
³ä×¢¿Ú Charging Nozzle
• Several Pneumatic valves used ʹÓà µ½ ¼¸¸ö Æø¶¯ ·§
• Control valve actuators are 5V based ¿ØÖÆÖ´ÐÐÆ÷ʹÓÃ5Vµçѹ
• Not all systems have a refrigerant recovering at nozzle.²¢·ÇËùÓÐϵͳ
• Process: vacuuming followed by charging followed by ¶¼ÓлØÊÕµã
recovering (if included) Á÷³Ì º £ ³éÕæ¿Õ£¬³å×¢£¬»ØÊÕ
• Both vacuuming and Recovering can be a source of air
Nitrogen ´¢ÒºÆ÷ leakage into the system. ³éÕæ¿ÕºÍ»ØÊÕ¹ý³Ì¶¼¿ÉÄÜÈÿÕÆø½øÈëϵͳÖÐ
(to pressurize container) Accumulator / Reservoir
If the Charging machine is incorporated into a sealed or
Èç¹û³ä×¢»ú°²×°ÔÚÃÜ·â·¿¼äÄÚ£¬Ð¹Â¶¼ì²âÆ÷´¥·¢µÄ inerted cabinet, a ventilation system activated by a leak
ͨ·çϵͳ¿ÉÒÔ±ÜÃâ·¿¼äÄÚÖÆÀä¼ÁŨ¶È´ïµ½¿Éȼ¼«ÏÞ detector (<25% of LFL) can avoid flammable concentrations.
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Test Stands for Component Development
×é·Ö²âÊǪ̂
Exhaust
Vent ÅÅ·ç • Option 1: Use electrically
classified Zone 2 equipment
P
• Option 2: Utilize inert gas purge
Burst – Only if Option 1 is not practical,
Disc
Massflow
not available, or cost prohibitive.
Density
– Inert with Nitrogen (preferred),
Visc2
Argon, or CO2
Evacuated
Cylinder – Take care to run ventilation
Visc1
³éÕæ¿Õ¸ÖÆ¿ TC lines to avoid oxygen deficient
1
atmospheres for affected
personnel
·½°¸1£ºÊ¹ÓÃ2¼¶·À±¬É豸
N2 ·½°¸2£ºÊ¹ÓöèÐÔÆøÌ崵ɨ
158 C
Purge
´µÉ¨ - ÔÚ ½°¸Ò» Ìõ¼þ
Ö» · ²»¿ÉÐÐÏÂ
Environmental chamber
-ʹÓõªÆø£¨Ê×Ñ¡£©ë²Æø»òCO2×÷Î
-×¢ÒâʹÓÃͨ·ç¹ÜÏßÒÔ±ÜÃâÏà¹ØÈË
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UL Standards / UL±ê×¼
UL 1963 (Recycling and Recovery Equipment Ñ-» · º Í »ØÊÕÉ豸)
– SAE ICCC working with UL on requirements for 1234yf recycling and
recovery equipment. / SAE ICCCÕýÓëULÒ»ÆðÆð²Ý1234yfÑ-»·ºÍ»ØÊÕÉ豸µÄÒ
– Next steps to work with UL to include 1234yf. Issues: cost and time
delay. / ÏÂÒ»²½ºÍULÒ»Æð½«1234yf°üÀ¨µ½¸ü¶à±ê×¼ÖС£ÎÊÌâ
£º·ÑÓúÍʱ¼äÑÓÆÚ
– There are a number of charts listing parameters for different refrigerants
which do not yet include 1234yf. Particular areas of updating are
materials of construction compatibility, flexible hose materials, high and
low-side design pressures, and any extra recycling cleanliness
parameters needed. / ºÜ¶à¹ØÓÚ²»Í¬ÖÆÀä¼ÁµÄ²ÎÊýÁбíÄ¿Ç°»¹²»°üÀ¨1234yf.Ó
ÐèÒª¼°Ê±¸üеİüÀ¨¼æÈÝÐԽṹ²ÄÁÏ£¬Èí¹Ü²ÄÁÏ£¬¸ßµÍ¶ËÉè¼ÆѹÁ¦£¬»ØÊÕÇå½à²ÎÊý
UL-1604 and 1203 are generic electrical equipment design standards for
classified areas and do not need any specific updates.
UL-1604ºÍ1203ÊÇÌØÊâÇøÓòͨÓõçÆøÉ豸Éè¼Æ±ê×¼£¬²»ÐèÒªÌرð¸üÐÂ.
UL 913 also reference requirements for intrinsically safe apparatus
UL-913Ò²Ìṩ±¾°²ÐÍÒÇÆ÷µÄÉè¼ÆÒªÇó.
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SAE Standards Development / SAE±ê×¼Öƶ¨
• SAE J-Standards related to Equipment / ÓëÉ豸Ïà¹ØµÄSAE-J±ê×¼
J2843 HFO-1234yf Refrigerant Recovery- Recycle - Charging Equipment for MAC Systems
MACϵͳÖÐHFO-1234yfÖÆÀä¼Á»ØÊÕ-Ñ-»·-³ä×°É豸
J2844 HFO-1234yf Refrigerant Purity & Container Requirements for MAC Systems
MACϵͳÖÐHFO-1234yf ÖÆÀä¼ÁµÄ´¿¶ÈºÍÈÝÆ÷É豸ҪÇó
J2845 Technician Certification for Servicing and Refrigerant Containment of A/C Systems
A/CϵͳάÐ޺ͷÀÖ¹ÖÆÀä¼Áй¶¼¼ÊõÈÏÖ¤
J2851 HFO-1234yf Refrigerant Recovery Only Equipment for MAC Systems
MACϵͳÖÐHFO-1234yfרÓûØÊÕÉ豸
J2888 HFO-1234yf Service Hose, Fittings and Couplers for Mobile Refrigerant Systems
Service Equipment ÓÃÓÚÒƶ¯ÖÆÀäϵͳά»µÄHFO-1234yfÈí¹Ü¡½ÓÍ·¡Á½ÓÆ÷µÈÉ豸
¤ ¢ ¢¬
J2913 R-1234yf Refrigerant Electronic Leak Detectors, Minimum Performance Criteria
R-1234yfµç×Ó¼ì©ÒÇ£×îµÍÐÔÄÜÒªÇó
¬
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18. Honeywell.com
For Additional Information / ¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢
NFPA 497 and NFPA 55 are most applicable for HFO-1234yf
NFPA497ºÍNFPA55ÊÊÓÃÓÚHFO-12
34yf
For additional information, download the
HFO-1234yf Use and Handling Guidelines
www.1234facts.com
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www.honeywell.com
DISCLAIMER
Although all statements and information contained herein are believed to be accurate and reliable, they are presented without
guarantee or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. Information provided herein does not relieve the user from the
responsibility of carrying out its own tests and experiments, and the user assumes all risks and liability for use of the information
and results obtained. Statements or suggestions concerning the use of materials and processes are made without representation or
warranty that any such use is free of patent infringement and are not recommendations to infringe on any patents. The user should
not assume that all toxicity data and safety measures are indicated herein or that other measures may not be required.
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