Exploring the Future Potential of AI-Enabled Smartphone Processors
CO2 in MAC - History, Present & Future
1.
2. CO2 in MAC - History, Present & Future
International Workshop on Next-Generation
Technologies for Mobile Vehicles’ Air Conditioning
New Dehli, 7 June 2010
Marc Chasserot
Managing Director
shecco
6. global community
๏ summer 2010: launch of
world’s only natural
refrigerants b2b
networking tool
๏ global map of community
๏ share knowledge and ideas
๏ send instant messages
๏ explore business
opportunities
๏ plan your business trip &
set up meetings
8. ATMOsphere 2009
๏ international conference, 19-20 oct, brussels belgium
๏ “natural refrigerants faster to market”
๏ what did it achieve?
๏ policy (UNEP, TEAP, World Bank, European Commission, national
ministries) & industry experts
๏ launch of “THENATURALVOICE” - global industry statement as
recommendation to COP 15 & beyond
๏ data gathering about industry needs in developing countries
๏ introduction of anti-HFC bill in UK government; input for
GreenChill guidelines in the USA
9. ATMOsphere 2010
๏ international WORKSHOP about the “HOW” to bring natural refrigerants
faster to market
๏ brussels, 27-28 Sept 2010
๏ interactive workshop concept with small groups and equal distribution of
stakeholders (policy, industry, NGOs, associations, end-users, academia)
๏ 150 participants - 30 moderators - 25 speakers - 4 applications - 1
summary report to be distributed at UN level meetings & trade fairs
๏ special focus on developing countries
(funded travel & discount rates for participants)
๏ confirmed speakers: UNIDO, UNEP, TEAP, US EPA,
European Commission, European Parliament
10. THENATURALVOICE
๏ global campaign for natural
refrigerants
๏ joint industry statement in
favour of CO2, ammonia,
hydrocarbons
๏ target: UN policy makers
๏ call for knowledge exchange,
removal of barriers
๏ launched Q4 2009
www.THENATURALVOICE.org ๏ 80+ signatories
16. Development overview
of
R744 MAC Systems
(1988 – 2010)
Dr. Armin Hafner Frank Wolf
Research Scientist Vice President
SINTEF OBRIST Engineering GmbH
NORWAY AUSTRIA
!!!!! Armin.Hafner@sintef.no f.wolf@obrist.at
16
17. The idea of transcritical R744 system was born
17
27. Development achievements
! System Performance
Wieschollek and Heckt (2007) investigated the fuel consumption of a Toyota
Yaris equipped with a 1.0 dm3 petrol engine, a conventional HFC MAC
system and an R744 MAC system.
Applying the R744 MAC system reduced the additional fuel consumption
due to AC by:
25%, 0,56 dm3/100km in a NEDC at 35 °C ambient temperature
(HFC134a 1.97 dm3/100km versus R744 1.41 dm3/100km).
27
31. LCCP - Europe
! Results, case study: Europe
! HFC MAC system emits GHG:
! 2.4 - 3.5 metric tonnes (Athens,
50 depending on leakages)
–6 ! Up to 1.2 metric tonnes
3%
(Trondheim, Norway)
based on
! 12.500 km/a
! 12 years of driving
Ref: 2nd International Workshop on Mobile Air Conditioning and Auxiliary Systems. Orbassano 2007
! 50 – 63 % reduction if R744 is applied
31
32. LCCP - Europe
! Results, case study: Europe
! HFC MAC requires fuel:
! 824 liters in Athens
50 ! 53 liters in Trondheim
–6
25% 3 based on
%
! 12.500 km/a
! 12 years of driving
Ref: 2nd International Workshop on Mobile Air Conditioning and Auxiliary Systems. Orbassano 2007
! 25 % fuel savings if R744 is applied
32
33. LCCP - China & India
! Results, case study: India & China
! HFC MAC system emits GHG:
! 10 to 14 metric tonnes (India)
50 ! 5 metric tonnes (China)
–6
40%3 % based on
! 15.000 km/a
! 15 years of driving
Ref: 2nd International Workshop on Mobile Air Conditioning and Auxiliary Systems. Orbassano 2007
! 40 % reduction if R744 is applied
33
34. LCCP - China & India
! Results, case study: India & China
! HFC MAC requires fuel:
! 3039 - 3509 liters in (India)
50 ! 2170 - 2654 liters in (China)
–6
32 40 3 % based on
- 4%
0% ! 15.000 km/a
! 15 years of driving
Ref: 2nd International Workshop on Mobile Air Conditioning and Auxiliary Systems. Orbassano 2007
! 32 - 40 % fuel savings if R744 is applied
34
35. LCCP Summary - Asia
The estimated fuel saving potential and reduction of GHG
emissions per 1.000.000 cars by introducing R744 MAC
systems instead of continuing with HFC 134a MAC units in
Asia are:
! in the Shanghai area:
! 18.000 m3 of petrol
! 172.000 metric tonnes of GHG emissions
! in New Delhi:
! 57.000 m3 of petrol
! 300.000 metric tonnes of GHG emissions (CO2 eq.)
! More information: http://www.r744.com/articles/2009-07-07-green-mac-lccp-finds-r744-to-perform-best.php ;
35
36. CO2 MAC today & tomorrow
๏ conventional passenger cars: R744 has been sidelined by OEMs in
Europe, USA
๏ electric vehicles: R744 has still high potential, due to its
compatibility with electronic components and its heat pump
functionality allowing for both cooling and heating
๏ development of compact and efficient thermal management
system for li-ion system in electric vehicles1
๏ buses: R744 systems are now introduced by Germany’s biggest
public transport company in Berlin to cool its bus fleet
๏ trains: potential currently tested in real-life conditions2
1 http://www.r744.com/articles/2009-09-18-iaa-ixetic-displays-r744-lithium-ion-battery-cooling-for-evs.php
2 http://www.r744.com/articles/2010-04-12-exclusive-interview-with-petter-neksa-about-the-future-of-r744.php
37. CO2 beyond MAC
๏ heat pumps: used in more than 2 million residential, commercial,
industrial Japanese Eco-Cute models; rising interest from Europe,
North America
๏ supermarkets: cascade systems accepted as standard option in
Europe; 100% market share for HFC-free systems in Denmark;
strongly rising markets in Germany & UK; rising interest in USA/
Canada; more and more global food retailers committed to R744
๏ beverage coolers: commitment of Coca-Cola and other consumer
brands to invest only in CO2 (and hydrocarbons) as the most
sustainable refrigerant available
๏ still higher future technology potential
38. take home message
R744 is the global MAC refrigerant for the
long-term future with the highest
confidence regarding safety, fuel efficiency,
flexibility regarding future developments
(heat pumping units) and system
improvement potential!