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Evidence for Evolution:  The Origin of Whales Ryan M Bebej University of Michigan February 10, 2008
Evidence for Evolution:  The Origin of Whales What exactly is meant by  evolution ? Where does evidence for evolution come from? What fossil evidence is there for the evolution of whales from land mammals?
What is evolution? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is evolution? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is evolution? ,[object Object],[object Object]
What is evolution? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is evolution? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Evidence for Evolution Anatomy Development Genetics Fossils
Beluga Humpback whale Orca Blue whale Order Cetacea
Whales are mammals… … but they are very different from terrestrial mammals!
1859: Charles Darwin “ In North America the black bear was seen by Hearne swimming for hours with widely open mouth, thus catching, like a whale, insects in the water. Even in so extreme a case as this, if supply of insects were constant, and if better adapted competitors did not already exist in the country, I can see no difficulty in a race of bears being rendered, by natural selection, more and more aquatic in their structure and habits, with larger and larger mouths, till a creature was produced as monstrous as a whale.” - from  The Origin of Species  (ch.6) … was ridiculed and omitted much of this from the 2 nd  edition
1936: Remington Kellogg ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Zygorhiza kochii Basilosaurus cetoides 50 cm 50 cm
Hind limb vestiges Gray whale
1945: George Gaylord Simpson “ Because of their perfected adaptation to a completely aquatic life, with all its attendant conditions of respiration, circulation, dentition, locomotion, etc., the cetaceans are on the whole the most peculiar and aberrant of mammals. Their place in the sequence of cohorts and orders [of mammalian classification] is open to question and is indeed quite impossible to determine in any purely objective way.” - from  Classification of Mammals
1981:  Pakicetus inachus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1990:  Basilosaurus isis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1994:  Ambulocetus natans ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Thewissen et al. 1994
1994:  Rodhocetus kasranii ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Thewissen et al. 1994 Gingerich et al. 1994
2001:  Rodhocetus balochistanensis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Thewissen et al. 1994 Gingerich et al. 2001 Composite
2001:  Artiocetus clavis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Thewissen et al. 1994 Rodhocetus  Antilocapra  Artiocetus Ankle bones
2001:  Pakicetus attocki Ichthyolestes pinfoldi ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Thewissen et al. 1994 Thewissen et al. 2001
Increasing Aquatic Ability Pakicetus 48 mya Ambulocetus 47.5 mya Rodhocetus 46.5 mya Dorudon 40 mya Time
Eocene Whales
Eocene Whales Number of Species 5 2 5 18 13 43 described species!
Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Questions?

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Creation And Evolution Session 3

  • 1. Evidence for Evolution: The Origin of Whales Ryan M Bebej University of Michigan February 10, 2008
  • 2. Evidence for Evolution: The Origin of Whales What exactly is meant by evolution ? Where does evidence for evolution come from? What fossil evidence is there for the evolution of whales from land mammals?
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8. Evidence for Evolution Anatomy Development Genetics Fossils
  • 9. Beluga Humpback whale Orca Blue whale Order Cetacea
  • 10. Whales are mammals… … but they are very different from terrestrial mammals!
  • 11. 1859: Charles Darwin “ In North America the black bear was seen by Hearne swimming for hours with widely open mouth, thus catching, like a whale, insects in the water. Even in so extreme a case as this, if supply of insects were constant, and if better adapted competitors did not already exist in the country, I can see no difficulty in a race of bears being rendered, by natural selection, more and more aquatic in their structure and habits, with larger and larger mouths, till a creature was produced as monstrous as a whale.” - from The Origin of Species (ch.6) … was ridiculed and omitted much of this from the 2 nd edition
  • 12.
  • 13. Hind limb vestiges Gray whale
  • 14. 1945: George Gaylord Simpson “ Because of their perfected adaptation to a completely aquatic life, with all its attendant conditions of respiration, circulation, dentition, locomotion, etc., the cetaceans are on the whole the most peculiar and aberrant of mammals. Their place in the sequence of cohorts and orders [of mammalian classification] is open to question and is indeed quite impossible to determine in any purely objective way.” - from Classification of Mammals
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22. Increasing Aquatic Ability Pakicetus 48 mya Ambulocetus 47.5 mya Rodhocetus 46.5 mya Dorudon 40 mya Time
  • 24. Eocene Whales Number of Species 5 2 5 18 13 43 described species!
  • 25.