The document describes a proposed National Wide Area Network (NWAN) for e-governance and m-governance in India. It involves connecting State Data Centres across states through leased lines to form the NWAN. State governments will connect to the NWAN through their respective State Data Centres. Citizen services will be delivered through State Delivery Gateways and a State Mobile Service Delivery Gateway, which will push and pull information to/from citizens through SMS and voice calls. The network aims to facilitate e-governance services and information dissemination to citizens through their mobile phones.

1. NATIONAL WIDE AREA NETWORK (NWAN)
FOR e-GOVERNANCE
SDC SDC SDC
3 5 7
SDC
1 SDC SDC SDC
SDC 4 6 8
2
SDC SDC
24 9
SDC SDC
23 10
NDC
SDC SDC
22 11
SDC
26
SDC
SDC SDC
25
21 12
SDC SDC SDC
18 16 13
SDC
20 SDC SDC SDC
SDC 17 15 14
19

2. STATE DATA CENTRE,
Delivery Gateways for e-Governance and m-Governance
Push
SMSC of messages
MNOs for
broadcast S
messages W
A
N
Push & Pull
1
IVR
S I N
M V SDG1 SDC 1 W
S R A
N
INTERNET LAN INTRANET LAN
State
Service STS1
Directory
INTERNET

3. EXPLANATION OF CONNECTIVITY
For e-Governance and m-Governance
1. NDC - National Data Centre
2. SDC - State Data Centres for 26 States and 8 Union Territories
3. SDG - State e-Governance Delivery Gateway
4. SMSDG - State Mobile Service Delivery Gateway draws its
information from the SDG and Internet and communicates
through SMS and IVR for G to C and G to G. WAP enabled
services may be introduced at a later date if the need arises. The
reason is that those who need WAP enabled services have Internet
access from their mobile phones and can access the SDG through
the Internet to get all they want.
5. STS is a secure transfer system for information exchange between
the secure and isolated SWAN / NWAN and the SDG / SMSDG
connected to the Internet.
6. State Service Directory (SSD) is also connected to the Internet and
accessed by the SDG and the SMSDG.
7. SSD, SDG, and SMSDG are connected to the Internet LAN.
8. The SDC, SWAN, and NWAN are connected to the INTRANET LAN.
9. The NWAN is formed by connecting the SDCs through point-to-
point leased lines in a tri-node architecture to facilitate alternate
routing in case of temporary leased line outage.
10. Tri-node topology is shown in a slide 6 of this presentation. The
bandwidth impinged on the SWAN or NWAN at any location of the
Organisation may be precisely computed arithmetically and the
link bandwidths may be computed as shown .
11. The SWAN / NWAN will not carry any Internet traffic. It is meant
for communications within the State and Central Govt offices
12. All mobile phone subscribers of the State will be serviced by the
SMSDG. Information required to be passed on to mobile phone
subscribers of either all or a specific State from the Centre will be
routed from the NDC to the SDC , and from this to the SDG /
SMSDG. Via the STS.
13. Access to the SDG from citizens will be via the Internet.
14. Access to the SMSDG from and to Citizens will be via the citizen’s
mobile phone..

4. 15. The Internet access at all State and Central Govt. Offices will be
extended through the broadband networks of Telephone Service
Providers (TSPs) or point-to-point leased lines between the Office
and the POP (point of presence) of the ISP (Internet Service
Provider) depending on the number of users and the class of service
required.
16. There is a precise method of computing bandwidth at each location
by adding up all simultaneous data bandwidths required at the
location and also the voice and fax bandwidth.
17. Technology now exists to integrate voice and fax communications
over the SWAN and NWAN by increasing the total data bandwidth
carried by each p2p link by approximately 40 %. This is
considerably lower than that required by the VoIP method of
integration and is far superior in quality and performance.
18. This will eliminate PSTN and other public telephony between the
State and Central Govt. Offices, saving substantial operating costs
to the State and Central Govt. exchequers.
19. We are not aware how each of the State Govts, have configured
their respective SWANs. However, in case these need to be re-
engineered to isolate them from the public domain networks like
the Internet, Slide 7 shows the manner in which SWANs may be
configured. This was configured for West Bengal way back in 2006
based on the number of computers and NET telephone
requirements projected for each type of Office at that time.
20. Technology also exists now for unifying the LANs and the private
telephone switches of all Govt. Offices using dark fibre either laid
or leased from the TSP , to reduce the number of routing points in
the network. A typical layout is shown in a slide 8. This method may
be adopted in all State and National Capitals, and other large
cities in each State with spread out Govt. Offices
21. The NDG and NMSDG connectivity will be replicated at the NDC
as shown in the Slide 5.

5. NATIONAL DATA CENTRE,
Delivery Gateways for e-Governance and m-Governance
Push
SMSC of messages
MNOs for
broadcast
messages
Push & Pull
IVR
S I N
M V NDG NDC W
S R A
N
INTERNET LAN INTRANET LAN
National
Service STS
Directory
INTERNET

6. Fig 4
TRI-
TRI-NODE FORMATION
IN PVDTN
USED FOR SINGLE AND MULTI-TIER NETWORKS
MULTI-
X
MAX (X,Y) Y
A
B
X+Y
X+Y
C
1. X and Y are the total bandwidth impinged on the WAN at each location at A
and B respectively. This includes bandwidth for data, speech, and fax
communications.
2. The derivation of X and Y at each location is shown in Table I of our draft
proposal presentation.
3. The link bandwidth calculations are shown in Table II of draft proposal
presentation. As shown above the main links AC and BC will have a total
bandwidth of X + Y. This is to take care of 100% alternate routing in case of
failure of either AC or BC links.
4. The cross link AB will have the larger of the two bandwidths X,Y.
5. We hope this will help you to understand the basis of derivation of location
and link bandwidths shown in our draft proposal presentation.

7. Fig 2
TYPICAL STATE WAN CONFIG
USING MULTI-TIER PVDTN
FOR INTEGRATED VOICE, FAX, DATA COMMUNICATIONS
UP TO GRAM PANCHAYAT
WITH 100% ALTERNATE ROUTING / REDUNDANCY
6.22 KBPS
62.42 KBPS 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
2 X 128 KBPS 2
1
320.7 KBPS 2 1
3
3 1
3 3 3 3
2 X 2WE&M 1
1
6 6
6
384 KBPS 6
4 4
3 6 4
4
3 4
768 KBPS 8
4
3
8
4 8
8 4
4 8
2 MBPS
4
1958.6 KBPS 8 4 MBPS
4 8
4
8 KOLKATA
8
4 8
4
8 4
8
4
4
8 8
8
8 8
4 8 4 MBPS
4
4
2 MBPS
4
4 4
4 4 4 4
NOTE : Total number of trunks emanating from Kolkata is 144 (8 x 18). Using the Erlang loading norm
this can serve 1152 extensions in Kolkata. Thus 1158 officers may be provided NET telephones and they
may be spread across Writers’ Building, New Secretariat, and the Secretariats at Salt Lake

8. ANNEXURE I.2
UNIFYING SWITCHES AND LANS
USING DARK FIBRE CONNECTIONS
AT KOLKATA
TO FACILITATE SINGLE ROUTING POINT
FOR IP AND CIRCUIT SWITCHED WANS
OFC / UTP
S3 Converters S2
L3 L2
S1
Redundant dark
fibre connections LAN BUS L1
LAN Nodes
S4 S5
L4 L5
LCE 2W E&M
Modem
Residential Connection /
Gram Panchayat Connection

9. M-Governance – Modus Operandi
M-Governance is an extension of the e-Governance initiative to reach larger number of
citizens across the country. It is not different from e-Governance, but just a part of it. This is
how the system will run.
1. All information which the State Governments want to pass on to its citizens and which
are already available on the State Delivery Gateway (SDG) of e-Governance (or the e-
Governance portal) have to be conveyed to the mobile subscribers in the State through
the SMSDG.
2. This is done through SMS and voice messages through IVR. The latter is required to
address those who are not literate enough to read and understand the SMS messages
in English or vernacular messages using the Roman script (since all phones do not
support vernacular scripts).
3. There two ways in which Government messages for its citizens may be delivered. These
are
a. Push messages
b. Pull messages
4. Push messages generated by the SDG will be passed on to the SMSDG (State Mobile
Service Delivery Gateway) through the Internet LAN connection at the SDC building.
These will be sent as a group message to the message centre numbers of each of the
MNOs operating in the State and to the Aggregator who is coordinating this activity
with the MNOs on behalf of the State Government. On receipt of their copy of the
message the Aggregator will immediately contact the MNO message centres and
ensure that these are loaded onto their SMSCs immediately for either
a. Direct SMS to their entire subscriber base in the State, or
b. Directed Region-wise Cell Broadcast from the BTSs in the Region. Suitable only
for very short messages since there are character limitations. Ideal for disaster
alerts.
c. For IVR push messages all subscribers will receive a short message stating “Call
(normal mobile number – long code) free. As soon as that phone rings it will be
automatically disconnected and a pre-recorded voice message in the Regional
language will be communicated to the caller. This message will be generated at
the SDG and passed on to the IVR system of the SMSDG.
5. For SMS pull messages the subscriber desiring the information will send the query as an
SMS to a long code associated with the SMSDG directly. The information sought will be
delivered by the SMSDG after getting the information from the SDG directly to the
subscribers mobile phone from which the request for information has been received.
6. For Voice pull messages the subscriber will dial a long code associated with the IVR in
the SMSDG and leave their query by voice which will be recorded and passed on to the
SDG where the request will be processed and the answer passed on to the IVR in the
SMSDG for passing on to the subscriber who had left the request. The answers will be
sent in the language in which the query was received.

10. 7. The points 1 to 6 covers the Information Phase of m-Governance.
8. For the Interaction Phase of m-Governance, the Citizens may interact with the
Government by responding to information received from the Government through
push or pull messages by SMS or IVR, may be sent either as
a. SMSs or Voice messages to long codes assigned for this purpose, or as
b. Email using MSM (mail-SMS-mail) to a assigned e-mail ID from their 2G or CDMA
low cost phones.
9. The same methods may be used for interaction with the Government by Citizens
wishing to initiate any issues of concern to them.
10. For the Transaction Phase of m-Governance, subscribers of mobile phones would be
able to send in their transaction requests to long codes assigned to various Govt.
Departments through appropriate SMS commands.
11. Payment requests to payment gateways of the subscribers Bank for various Govt.
Department payments and other payments would also be send through appropriate
SMS commands to long codes assigned for the purpose.
12. For the actions in 10 and 11 above the commands have to be sent through phones
which have triple DES (TDEA) incorporated in them. These commands sent from non-
TDEA incorporated phones will not be accepted by the Bank payment gateways and the
Transaction gateways of the various Govt. Departments which will reside in the
SMSDGs.
13. The same tools described in 1 to 12 above will also be used for G to G (Govt. to Govt.)
communications for the daily administrative functions of the different Govt.
Departments.
14. Appropriate applications based on SMS and IVR will be developed for the various G to
G communication functions.