1. Presentation on
Geothermal
Energy
By- Archit Parashar

2. What is Geothermal energy?
• The word Geothermal comes from the Greek word
geo (Earth) and therme (heat).
• Geothermal energy is the heat from the earth.
• It’s source lies 6,500km beneath the Earth’s
surface, Core containing hot magma.

3. • Surrounding the core is the mantle, and outer
layer is the crust.
• The crust is not a solid shell but is broken into
pieces called plates, Magma comes close to
Earth’s surface near the edges of these plates.
• Rocks and water beneath the surface around these
region absorbs heat of this magma.
• We can dig wells and can use this heat for various
purposes.

4. History of Geothermal energy
• The use of geothermal energy for heating purpose
is not new.
• Ancient people used it for heating and bathing
through hot springs.
• Using geothermal energy to produce electricity is a
new industry
• A group of Italians first used it in 1904. The
Italians used the natural steam erupting from the
Earth to power a turbine generator.

5. Finding Geothermal Energy
• Some visible features of geothermal energy are
volcanoes, hot springs, geysers, and fumaroles.
• But we cannot see most of the resources as they
are deep underground.
• Exploration is done by digging well and testing
temp deep underground.
• Most active resources are found along edges of
tectonic plates.

6. • An area called Ring of fire has most of geothermal
activities, this area borders the Pacific Ocean.

7. Uses
 Direct use: geothermal heating and heat pumps
 Indirect use: Electricity production

8. Direct use
• Heat is directly used.
• Heat is extracted from low temperature source,
<150 degree Celsius.
• It can be used for space heating, industrial
processes, drying crops, hot water supply, melting
snow.
• For space heating, Heat Pump is used.
• It uses little energy for heating thus saves money
and reduce pollution.

10. Indirect use: electricity
production
• Source temperature is higher than 150 degree
Celsius.
• Deep wells are drilled and steam from reservoir is
used to drive turbines and produce electricity.

11. Types of power plants
 Flashed steam plant
 Dry steam plant
 Binary power plant
 Hybrid power plant

12. Flashed steam plant
• Hot water at high
pressure when
released from deep
reservoir forms high
pressure steam
(flashed steam).
• This steam drives
turbines.
• This is most common
type of plant operating
today.

13. Flashed steam plant

14. Dry steam plant
• Usually geysers are
the main source of dry
steam.
• Reservoirs which
produce steam with
small quantity of
water use this type of
plant.
• A rock catcher is used
to protect turbine from
rocks coming along
with steam.

15. Binary power plant
• In this the geothermal water is passed through a
heat exchanger where its heat is transferred to a
secondary liquid.
• Liquids having lower boiling point are used as
secondary liquid such as isobutene, isopentane or
ammonia–water mixture.
• The vapour of secondary liquid are used to rotate
turbines.
• The binary system is useful in geothermal
reservoirs which are relatively low in temperature.
• Heat loss is minimum as system is completely
closed.

16. • Hot water is immediately recycled back into the
reservoir.
• The working fluid is also condensed back to the
liquid and used over and over again.

17. Hybrid power plant
• It uses both boiling water as well as steam.
• Steam is directly is used as used in flashed steam
plant.
• While energy of hot water is used through
secondary liquid as used in Binary system.

18. Enhanced geothermal system
• It refers to a variety of engineering techniques
used to artificially create hydrothermal resources.
• In this the drilling is done in hot dry rocks, and
cold water at high pressure is pumped in.
• As water travels through cracks in hot dry rock it’s
temperature is increased.
• Now this very hot water is collected back through
another drilled hole, converted into steam and
used.
• This is very promising technology but is still in it’s
development stage.
• Risk of seismic activities could increase, due to
artificially fracturing the underground rocks.

19. Advantages
• Geothermal energy does not produce any
pollution, and does not contribute to the
greenhouse effect.
• The power stations are compact, so there is not
much impact on the environment.
• No fuel is needed.
• Once you've built a geothermal power station, the
energy is almost free.
• It may need a little energy to run a pump, but this
can be taken from the energy being generated.

20. Cost, Price and Challenges
• Since it does not use any fuel hence it’s cost is
unaffected by price fluctuations.
• Primary prices are bit high but once the capital
costs have been recovered price of power can
decrease.
• Most of the cost is related to resource exploration
and plant construction.
• Drilling Costs alone account for as much as one-
third of total plant cost because rocks in
geothermal areas are usually extremely hard and
hot.
• Geothermal power plants must be located near a
reservoir because it difficult to transport steam or
hot water over distances.

21. Barriers
• Finding a suitable build location.
• exploration stage can be extremely capital
intensive and of high-risk.
• Some areas of land may have the sufficient hot
rocks to supply hot water to a power station, but
many of these areas are located in harsh areas of
the world (near the poles), or high up in
mountains.
• Harmful gases can escape from deep within the
earth.

22. Geothermal Energy In World
• 10,715 megawatts (MW) of geothermal power in
24 countries is online.
• The United States led the world in geothermal
electricity production with 3,086 MW of installed
capacity from 77 power plants.
• The Philippines is second highest producer of
geothermal power in the world, with 1,904 MW of
capacity online; geothermal power makes up
approximately 18% of the country's electricity
generation

23. • There is expected rise to 18,500 MW by 2015
as large no of projects are under construction.

24. Geothermal Energy In India
• India has about 10000
MWe of geothermal
power potential which
ean be used.
• More than 300 hot
spring locations have
been identified by
Geological survey of
India, and are grouped
into geothermal
provinces of India.

25. Geothermal Energy and the
Environment
• Geothermal energy does little damage to the
environment, with very less CO2 emission.
• Transportation of fuel is not required as they are
located on top of there fuel.
• Geothermal has minimal land requirements.
Geothermal plants use 404 square meters per
GWh versus 3,622 and 1,335 square kilometres for
coal facilities and wind farms respectively.
• They use 20 litres of freshwater per MW·h versus
over 1000 litres per MW·h for nuclear, coal power
plants.
• It is one of the most eco-friendly technology.

26. References
•
• Www.Wikipedia.com
• The NEED Project , www.NEED.org
• Www.indiaenergyportal.org
• Www.worldenergy.org

27. THANK YOU